2000 BCE – 220 CE. Satellite View of China China’s Provinces.
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Transcript of 2000 BCE – 220 CE. Satellite View of China China’s Provinces.
2000 BCE – 220 CE
Satellite View of ChinaSatellite View of ChinaSatellite View of ChinaSatellite View of China
China’s ProvincesChina’s ProvincesChina’s ProvincesChina’s Provinces
China—Asia’s SuperpowerChina—Asia’s SuperpowerChina—Asia’s SuperpowerChina—Asia’s Superpower
China vs. the U. S. in SizeChina vs. the U. S. in SizeChina vs. the U. S. in SizeChina vs. the U. S. in Size
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250Miles
China
United States
Comparing China & Comparing China & the U. S.the U. S.
Comparing China & Comparing China & the U. S.the U. S.ChinaChina United United
StatesStates
SizeSize 3.7 million 3.7 million square milessquare miles
3.6 million 3.6 million square milessquare miles
Main physical Main physical barrierbarrier
HimalayasHimalayas RockiesRockies
Main RiverMain River Yangtze / Yangtze / East - WestEast - West
Mississippi / Mississippi / North – SouthNorth – South
PopulationPopulation East CoastEast Coast East CoastEast Coast
Connectivity Connectivity problemsproblems
North - SouthNorth - South East - WestEast - West
Pacific “Rim of Fire”Pacific “Rim of Fire”Pacific “Rim of Fire”Pacific “Rim of Fire”
Bodies of WaterBodies of WaterBodies of WaterBodies of Water
Huang-He
River
Yellow Sea
Yangtze River
Pacific Ocean
Amur River
Xi River
SouthChinaSea
Sea of
Japan
The Polluted Yellow River!The Polluted Yellow River!The Polluted Yellow River!The Polluted Yellow River!
VOCABULARY
Loess
The Yangtze RiverThe Yangtze RiverThe Yangtze RiverThe Yangtze River
China’s Climate ZonesChina’s Climate ZonesChina’s Climate ZonesChina’s Climate Zones
Precipitation in ChinaPrecipitation in ChinaPrecipitation in ChinaPrecipitation in China
Arable LandArable LandArable LandArable Land
““Brown” China vs. “Green” Brown” China vs. “Green” ChinaChina
““Brown” China vs. “Green” Brown” China vs. “Green” ChinaChina
Rice DominantW
heat
Dom
inan
t
Pasture and Oasis
Double-crop rice
China as % of World China as % of World PopulationPopulation
China as % of World China as % of World PopulationPopulation
The Population of The Population of ChinaChina
The Population of The Population of ChinaChina
105 755 10831210
1381 15621650 1753
18121851
18871911
19491953
1970
1981
1995
2000
2050
2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 500 1000 1500 2000
thousands
““Chung Kuo”Chung Kuo”(The (The “Middle Kingdom”“Middle Kingdom”))
““Chung Kuo”Chung Kuo”(The (The “Middle Kingdom”“Middle Kingdom”))
Bronze Age EmpiresBronze Age EmpiresBronze Age EmpiresBronze Age Empires
Shang Religion Animism – The belief that spirits inhabit
everything. Ancestor Worship Shang Di – A god who controlled the
forces of nature Oracle Bones
Oracle BonesOracle BonesOracle BonesOracle Bones
The Evolution of Chinese The Evolution of Chinese Writing DuringWriting During
The Evolution of Chinese The Evolution of Chinese Writing DuringWriting During
PictograpPictographshs
Semantic-Semantic-PhoneticsPhonetics
Axe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - Jade - JadeAxe Scepter – Axe Scepter – 1100 BCE1100 BCE - Jade - Jade
Ceremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCECeremonial Dagger – Ceremonial Dagger – 1028 BCE1028 BCE
ShangShangUrnUrn
ShangShangUrnUrn
Shang BronzesShang BronzesShang BronzesShang Bronzes
Ritual Wine Ritual Wine Vessel – Bronze, Vessel – Bronze,
13c BCE13c BCE
Ritual Wine Ritual Wine Vessel – Bronze, Vessel – Bronze,
13c BCE13c BCE
Western Zhou:Western Zhou:1027-771 BCE1027-771 BCEWestern Zhou:Western Zhou:1027-771 BCE1027-771 BCE
Zhou Coins - BronzeZhou Coins - BronzeZhou Coins - BronzeZhou Coins - Bronze
““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”““T’ien Ming”T’ien Ming”The Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of Heaven
1.1.The leader must lead by ability The leader must lead by ability and and virtue. virtue.
2.2.The dynasty's leadership must The dynasty's leadership must be be justified by succeeding justified by succeeding generations.generations.
3.3.The mandate could be revoked The mandate could be revoked by by negligence and abuse; the will negligence and abuse; the will of of the people was important. the people was important.
The Dynastic
Cycle
The Dynastic
Cycle
A new dynasty
comes to power.
A new dynasty
comes to power.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Lives of common people improved;
taxes reduced;farming encouraged.
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Problems begin(extensive wars,invasions, etc.)
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Taxes increase;men forced towork for army.
Farming neglected.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Govt. increasesspending; corruption.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Droughts,floods,
famines occur.
Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Poor loserespect for govt.They join rebels
& attack landlords.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Rebel bands findstrong leader who
unites them.Attack the emperor.
Emperor isdefeated !!
Emperor isdefeated !!
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
The emperorreforms the govt.& makes it more
efficient.
Start here
Early Ideology
Yin and Yang Yin: female, dark, weak, wet, passive Yang: male, bright, strong, dry, active balance of opposites
Zhou Contributions
Feudalism– Kings > Local Lords > Peasants
• Feudal Lords Gain Power
Iron Age The First Bound Books Astronomers Study Planets & Eclipses
Silk Worms
* 551 – 479 B.C.E.
* Born in the feudal state of Liu.
* Became a teacher and editor of books.
* Filial Piety (Respect your elders!)
* Social Order / Education
1. Ruler
Subject
2. Father
Son
3. Husband
Wife
4. Older Brother
YoungerBrother
5. Older Friend
YoungerFriend
* Status
* Age
* Gender
* The single most important Confucian work.
* In Chinese, it means “conversation.”
* Focus on practicalities of interpersonal relationships and the relationship of the role of rulers and ministers to the conduct of government.
INDIA 1. Brahmin
CHINA 1. Scholar-
Gentry 2. Kshatriyas
2. Peasants 3. Vaishyas
4. Shudras
3. Artisans 4.
Merchants Untouchab
les Soldiers Imperial
Nobility Domestic Slaves
*His name means “Old Master”
* Contemporary of Confucius
* The Dao De Ching,The Classic in the Way and Its Power
1. Rejecting formal knowledge and learning.
2. Relying on the senses and instincts.
3. Discovering the nature and “rhythm” of the universe.
4. Ignoring political and social laws.
To escape the “social, political, & cultural traps” of life, one must escape by:
* Masculine
* Active
* Light
* Warmth
* Strong
* Heaven; Sun
* Feminine
* Passive
* Darkness
* Cold
* Weak
* Earth; Moon
How is a man to live in a world dominated by chaos, suffering, and absurdity??
Confucianism --> Moral order in society.
Legalism --> Rule by harsh law & order.
Daoism --> Freedom for individuals and less govt. to avoid uniformity and conformity.
Qin Dynasty221 BCE – 206
BCE
China under the Qin dynasty, 221-207 B.C.E.
Emperor Shi Huangdi
Means “First Emperor” Ruled by the Legalist theory Autocracy Standardization: Coins, Measurements,
Writing Massive conscription for labor
– His Necropolis– Great Wall of China Begun
1. Human nature is naturally selfish.
2. Intellectualism and literacy is discouraged.
3. Law is the supreme authority and replaces morality.
4. The ruler must rule with a strong, punishing hand.
5. War is the means of strengthening a ruler’s power.
The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians.
Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried in the pits.
The Great Wall of The Great Wall of ChinaChina
The Great Wall of The Great Wall of ChinaChina
Han Dynasty206 BCE – 220 CE
The Han Dynasty & Tributary States
Han Achievements
Civil Service Exam founded by Emperor Wudi Paper The Rudder Astronomers observe sunspots Acupuncture Silk Road Buddhism spreads after the Han fall
The Silk Road in the 1st Century
Reasons for the Han Dynasty’s Fall
Political – Emperors after Wudi unable to control powerful warlords
Economic – Canals and roads fell into disrepair, destroying commerce. High taxes led to revolt
Military – Warlords overthrew and divided. Invaders pass the Great Wall. Leads to 400 years of disunity.