200 kV gun CST microwave studio simulations Shield ...200 kV gun CST microwave studio simulations...
Transcript of 200 kV gun CST microwave studio simulations Shield ...200 kV gun CST microwave studio simulations...
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200 kV gun CST microwave studio simulations
Shield modificationsGabriel Palacios
[email protected]/09/18
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Summary
• Solidworks• Geometry modifications: 4 new shield proposals.
• Shields 1 and 2 have decreasing height
• Shields 3 and 4 have decreasing radius
• CST• Details of simulation
• Electric field and potential plots and false color images
• Additional slides
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Solidworks geometry modifications: No shield
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Solidworks geometry modifications: Original
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Solidworks geometry modifications: Shield 1
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Solidworks geometry modifications: Shield 2
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Solidworks geometry modifications: Shield 3
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Solidworks geometry modifications: Shield 4
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CST materials: PEC• Steel for all metal components with
Perfect electric conductor (PEC). Since this is a preset we don’t need to define anything. Also, Thermal, Mechanical and Density properties are not included in the calculation.
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• For black alumina I used the same parameters as in COMSOL.
• ε=8.4
• σ=2E-12 [S/m]
CST materials: Insulator
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• For rubber I used the same parameters as in COMSOL.
• ε=2.37
• σ=1E-14 [S/m]
CST materials: Insulator
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• For vacuum cylinder and surroundings.
• ε=1.0
• σ=0 [S/m]
CST materials: vacuum
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CST mesh:
• The mesh was separated into (maybe too many) pieces. :P
• The important part is, I only set some individual parts that require fine detail and left the rest to be auto-meshed.
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CST simulation: Potential
• Chamber, upper flange, Kovarring, anode and beam-pipe at 0 V.
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CST simulation: Potential
• Cathode electrode (including Pierce geometry), shield and high voltage cable at -200 kV.
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CST simulation: Solver
• Used the Low frequency as suggested by Fay.
• Did not use the adaptive mesh refinement this time.
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CST results:• The results for electric field
magnitude and potential plotted and also presented as false color.Also produced 2D and 3D field maps for the cathode-anode gap.
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Cathode-anode gap:The data for the following plots was taken along the cathode anode gap as a function of the height (on the photocathode surface) varying from -6mm to 6mm.
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No shield vs Original vs Shield 1 vs Shield 2: Transversal electric field• As the Shield height is reduced, the max value in the middle region of
the cathode-anode gap is reduced by 7% from 0.27 MV/m to 0.25 MV/m. The min value decreases in 50% from 0.08 MV/m to 0.04 MV/m. This min value is achieved by going upwards on the photocathode surface.
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-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
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0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
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lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
No shield
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
CST results: Transverse electric field – No shieldThe gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
119% difference between 0.21 and -0.04
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CST results: Transverse electric field – original shieldThe gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Original shield
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
70% difference between 0.27 and 0.08
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 1The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 1
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
74% difference between 0.27 and 0.07
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 2The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
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0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 2
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
84% difference between 0.25 and 0.04
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No shield vs Original vs Shield 3 vs Shield 4 : Transversal electric field• As the Shield radius is reduced, the max value in the middle region of
the cathode-anode gap is also reduced around 4% from 0.27 MV/m to 0.26 MV/m. The min value decreases in 37.5% from 0.08 MV/m to 0.05 MV/m. This min value is again achieved by going upwards on the photocathode surface.
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-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
No shield
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
CST results: Transverse electric field – No shieldThe gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
119% difference between 0.21 and -0.04
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CST results: Transverse electric field – original shieldThe gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Original shield
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
70% difference between 0.27 and 0.08
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 3The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 3
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
77% difference between 0.26 and 0.06
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 4The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the transverse electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-0.80
-0.60
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 4
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
78% difference between 0.26 and 0.05
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0.00
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0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)No shield Unaltered Shield 1 Shield 2 Shield 3 Shield 4
CST results: Transverse electric field – No shield vs Original vs all shields (1,2,3 & 4) at C-a gap center lineAll the data sets correspond to the center line in the cathode-anode gap. Different colors represent different shields.
~12% difference between 0.17 and 0.15
~53% difference between 0.17 and 0.08
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CST results: Transverse electric field – No shield vs Original vs all shields (1,2,3 & 4) at insulator interface• The potential and electric fields along
the rubber plug – ceramic insulator interface was obtained (as shown in the image as a red dotted line), plotted as a function of the height (y-coordinate).
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0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d [
V/m
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 1 Shield 2 Shield 3 Shield 4
CST results: Transverse electric field – No shield vs Original vs all shields (1,2,3 & 4) at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
38% difference between 0.8 and 1.3
65% difference between 0.8 and 2.3
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-4
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0
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4
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d [
V/m
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 1 Shield 2
CST results: Transverse electric field – No shield vs Original vs shields 1&2 at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
38% difference between 0.8 and 1.3
38% difference between 0.8 and 1.3
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-4
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-1
0
1
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0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Tran
sver
se e
lect
ric
fiel
d [
V/m
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 3 Shield 4
CST results: Transverse electric field – No shield vs Original vs shields 3&4 at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
11% difference between 0.8 and 0.9
65% difference between 0.8 and 2.3
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-7
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-2
-1
0
1
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0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d [
V/m
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 1 Shield 2 Shield 3 Shield 4
CST results: Longitudinal electric field – No shield vs Original vs all shields (1,2,3 & 4) at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
WT?
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-7
-6
-5
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0
1
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0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d [
V/m
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 1 Shield 2
CST results: Longitudinal electric field – No shield vs Original vs shields 1&2 at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
WT?
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-7
-6
-5
-4
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-2
-1
0
1
2
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d [
V/m
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 3 Shield 4
CST results: Longitudinal electric field – No shield vs Original vs shields 3&4 at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
WT?
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-250
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-50
0
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Po
ten
tial
[V
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 1 Shield 2 Shield 3 Shield 4
CST results: Potential – No shield vs Original vs all shields (1,2,3 & 4) at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
20% difference between 123 and 153
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CST results: Potential – No shield vs Original vs shields 1&2 at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Po
ten
tial
[V
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 1 Shield 2
9% difference between 139 and 153
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CST results: Potential – No shield vs Original vs shields 3&4 at insulator interfaceDifferent colors represent different shields.
2% difference between 149 and 153
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.27
Po
ten
tial
[V
]
y [m]
No shield Original Shield 3 Shield 4
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No shield vs Original vs all Shields (1,2,3 & 4): Longitudinal electric field at c-a gap• You can notice the variation on the longitudinal electric field in the
cathode-anode gap is minimal, due to a change of radius or a change in the shield height. The largest difference is around the z= 0.075 m, and its of ~3%. Similarly around z=0.12 m.
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – No shieldThe gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the longitudinal electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
No shield
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field –original shieldThe gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the longitudinal electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Original shield
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 1The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the longitudinal electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 1
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 2The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the longitudinal electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 2
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 3The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the longitudinal electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 3
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 4The gray data set is the whole field map. The different colors show how the longitudinal electric field changes as a function of height on the photocathode in the interval -6mm<y<6mm
-4.50
-4.00
-3.50
-3.00
-2.50
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15
Lon
gitu
din
al e
lect
ric
fiel
d (
MV
/m)
z (m)
Shield 4
Field map y=-6mm y=-3mm y=0mm y=3mm y=6mm
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False color
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Electric field norm: No shield vs Original vs shields 1&2
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CST results: Electric field norm– No shield
4.87 MV/m7.9MV/m
6.5MV/m
29MV/m at cusp
Triple points:Upper flange:5MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 3.6MV/m
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CST results: Electric field norm– original shield
4.85 MV/m7.9MV/m
5.6MV/m
7.2MV/m
Triple points:Upper flange:10MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 0.6MV/m
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 1
4.83 MV/m7.9MV/m
5.7MV/m
7.1MV/m
Triple points:Upper flange:10MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 0.7MV/m
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 2
4.85 MV/m8.0MV/m
6.1MV/m
6.9MV/m
Triple points:Upper flange:13MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 0.9MV/m
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Electric field norm: No shield vs Original vs shields 3&4
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CST results: Electric field norm– No shield
4.87 MV/m7.9MV/m
6.5MV/m
29MV/m at cusp
Triple points:Upper flange:5MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 3.6MV/m
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CST results: Electric field norm– original shield
4.85 MV/m7.9MV/m
5.6MV/m
7.2MV/m
Triple points:Upper flange:10MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 0.6MV/m
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 3
4.86 MV/m7.8MV/m
5.7MV/m
7.5MV/m
Triple points:Upper flange:12MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 0.6MV/m
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 4
4.85 MV/m7.9MV/m
5.8MV/m
8.3MV/m
Triple points:Upper flange:12MV/m
Triple points:Cathode: 0.7MV/m
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Electric field norm: No shield vs Original vs shields 1 vs shields 2• On the metallic surface
• Pics are sadly not to scale, in all of them the cathode size is the same.
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CST results: Electric field norm– No shield
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CST results: Electric field norm– Original
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 1
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 2
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Electric field norm: No shield vs Original vs shields 1 vs shields 2• On the metallic surface
• Pics are sadly not to scale, in all of them the cathode size is the same.
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CST results: Electric field norm– No shield
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CST results: Electric field norm– Original
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 3
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CST results: Electric field norm– Shield 4
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Preliminary conclusions
• Cathode anode gap• Transverse electric field
• Original vs shield 1 & 2• Benefit if height is reduced and we produce beam from the top of the photocathode.
• Original vs shield 3 & 4• Benefit if radius is reduced and we produce beam from the top of the photocathode.
• Original vs shield 1,2, 3 & 4• If beam is produced at the center of the photocathode, I would pick Shields 2 or 4.
• Longitudinal electric field• The changing of the shields has a small impact only.
• Insulator-rubber plug interface• The transverse electric field gets worst for shield 2. The rest remain close. • Longitudinal electric field has a discontinuity that must be revised.
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Preliminary conclusions
• Cathode contour• Electric field norm
• Original vs shield 1 & 2• The cusp field reduces, at cost of the fields on the Pierce geometry contour and the triple
point which reaches ~ 1MV/m .
• Original vs shield 3 & 4• The radius change increases the field at its cusp to ~8 MV/m with some impact on the Pierce
geometry.
• All• Upper flange triple point appears and remains at ~12 MV/m
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Preliminary conclusions
• In short:• Height reduction =
• Smaller vertical “kick” at cathode-anode gap
• Worst transversal field at the insulator-rubber plug interface
• Smaller field at the cusp
• Worst field at triple point
• Cusp radius reduction = • Smaller vertical “kick” at cathode-anode gap
• Slightly worst transversal field at the insulator-rubber plug interface
• Worst field at the cusp
• Slightly Worst field at triple point
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Future steps
• Mix between smaller radius and smaller height prototype.
• Maybe correct Shield 2 since it’s a bit slimmer.
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Fin.
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Additional slides
• Potentials false color
• Transverse field false color
• Longitudinal field false color
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Potential: Original vs Shield 1 vs Shield 2
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CST results: Potential – No shield
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CST results: Potential – original shield
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CST results: Potential – Shield 1
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CST results: Potential – Shield 2
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Potential: Original vs Shield 3 vs Shield 4
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CST results: Potential – No shield
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CST results: Potential – original shield
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CST results: Potential – Shield 3
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CST results: Potential – Shield 4
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Transverse electric field: No shield
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CST results: Transverse electric field – original shield
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 1
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 2
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Transverse electric field: Original vs Shield 3 vs Shield 4
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Transverse electric field: No shield
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CST results: Transverse electric field – original shield
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 3
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CST results: Transverse electric field – Shield 4
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Longitudinal electric field: Original vs Shield 1 vs Shield 2
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – No shield
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field –original shield
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 1
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 2
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Longitudinal electric field: Original vs Shield 3 vs Shield 4
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – No shield
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field –original shield
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 3
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CST results: Longitudinal electric field – Shield 4
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CST frame of reference:
y
z
x
X goes into the page.