Poetry

_______________

Sophomore English

Mr. Zobel

Spring 2013

Poetry Index Instruct ions and

Vocabulary

Library Research Five Poems Analyzed

Works Cited

Oral Interpretat ion “________________________________________”

PowerPoint

Sample Writ ings Simile, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration,

Hyperbole, Couplet, Assonance, Irony

Original Writ ten Poem Name: _________________________ “______________________________________” Sophomore English “______________________________________” Analyzed Date: _________________________ Three Drafts with Edits

Poetry Sophomore Second Semester

Student’s Name ________________________________________ Vocabulary Points: Received Separately ✒ Vocabulary List of Terms ❏ ✒ Pre-Quiz ❏ ✒ Post-Quiz ❏ ✒ Test ❏ Portfolio Points: 30 ✒ Cover Page / Title Page 10 ❏ ✒ Index 10 ❏ ✒ Portfolio of Work 10 ❏ Library Research Points: 160 Five Poems ✒ Selected five different styles/formats 25 ❏ ✒ Create page tables 10 ❏ ✒ Analysis of poems 100 ❏ 4 poetic devices identified and briefly explained (5 pts each device) ✒ Works Cited 25 ❏ Choose one poem from the five to build your oral presentation. Oral Interpretation Presentation Points: Received Separately ✒ One poem and one prose selection: same thematic realm read with interpretive voice, poise, creation of mood, ❏ creation of tone, pronunciation, and enunciation. ✒ Typed in PowerPoint to accompany the interpretive reading ❏ ✒ Works Cited page for both selections ❏ Sample Writings Possible Points Available: 100 ✒ Ten points for each four-line poem Simile, Onomatopoeia, Personification, Alliteration, ❏ Hyperbole, Metaphor, Symbol, Irony, Assonance, Imagery Written Poem Points: 100 ✒ Original Poem 50 ❏ Original Poem Analyzed 20 ❏ Four poetic devices identified and briefly explained in table form ✒ First draft…put your ideas onto paper…minimum of 14 lines…edited 10 ❏ ✒ Second draft…edit for poetic terms…edited 10 ❏ ✒ Third draft…edit for punctuation, word choice…edit 10 ❏ Total Value of Project Possible Points: 390

Sophomore Vocabulary List

List # 1 1. denotation: The precise, literal meaning of a word without emotional associations or overtones 2. connotation: The associations, images, or impressions carried by a word, as opposed to the word’s

literal meaning. 3. alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or within words. 4. consonance: The close repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after differing vowel sounds. 5. free verse: poetry that is free of regular meter but instead follows more closely the natural speech

rhythms 6. prose: any ordinary writing or speech that lacks the sustained and regular rhythmic patterns of poetry 7. rhyme: the similarity of sounds between two words 8. meter: the fixed or nearly fixed pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in a line of a poem that

produces its rhythm 9. onomatopoeia: The use of words whose sound imitates the sound of the thing being named. 10. rhythm: The patterned flow of sound in poetry and prose. 11. stanza: A section or division of a poem; specifically, a grouping of lines into a recurring pattern. 12. assonance: The close repetition of middle vowel sounds between different consonant sounds.

List #2 1. internal conflict: A character’s struggle against or within himself or herself. 2. external conflict: A character’s struggle against nature or against another character. 3. mood: The prevailing emotional attitude in a literary work or in part of a work. 4. situational irony: The contrast between what is expected and what actually occurs. 5. verbal irony: A figure of speech in which there is a contrast between what is said and what is actually

meant. 6. dramatic irony: A situation in literature in which the audience/reader is intended to understand

something the characters do not. 7. hyperbole: Obvious exaggeration or overstatement meant to create humor or emphasis. 8. parody: a composition that ridicules another composition by imitating and exaggerating aspects of its

content, structure or style. 9. oxymoron: A figure of speech in which two contradictory words or phrases are combined in a single

expression, giving the effect of a paradox. 10. paradox: A statement that, while apparently self-contradictory, is nonetheless essentially true. 11. tone: The author’s attitude toward his or her subject, character and readers.

List #3 1. foreshadowing: The technique of giving hints or clues that suggest or prepare for events that occur

later in a work. 2. symbol: Anything, usually something concrete that signifies or stands for something else, usually

something abstract. 3. allegory: A work of literature in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities and

in which the writer intends a second meaning to be read beneath the surface story 4. metaphor: An implied analogy in which one thing is imaginatively and directly compared to or

identified with another, dissimilar thing. 5. allusion: A passing reference to historical or fictional characters, places, or events, or to other works

that the writer assumes the reader will recognize. 6. personification: A figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to animals, plants,

inanimate objects, natural forces or abstract ideas. 7. theme: The central idea or message in a work of literature. 8. imagery: Figurative language that appeals to the five senses and creates “pictures in words.” 9. analogy: A comparison of similar things that uses something familiar to explain something unfamiliar. 10. characterization: the method through which an author creates the appearance and personality of a

character 11. simile: A figure of speech that uses ‘like’, ‘as’, or ‘as if’ to compare two essentially different objects,

actions, or attributes that share some aspect of similarity.

Student Name Sophomore Poetry Unit Period 6 Five Poems and Vocabulary (minimum of 14 lines in length) Piano D. H. Lawrence Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me; Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles as she sings. In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong To the old Sunday evenings at home, with winter outside And hymns in the cozy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide. So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamour With the great black piano appassionato. The glamour Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is cast Down in the flood of remembrance, I weep like a child for the past.

Imagery: “in the dusk”—sets the time and creates a mood of melancholy Flashback: “Taking me back down the vista of years”—the author remembers his youth Onomatopoeia: “boom”—the noise made by striking piano keys loudly Alliteration: “Betrays, back, belong”—repetition of consonant sounds Tone: “I weep like a child for the past”—memory affects emotions

Imagery sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, feelings/emotions

Jazzonia Langston Hughes Oh, silver tree! Oh, shining rivers of the soul. In a Harlem cabaret Six long-headed jazzers play. A dancing girl whose eyes are bold Lifts high a dress of silken gold. Oh, singing tree! Oh, shining rivers of the soul! Were Eve’s eyes In the first garden Just a bit too bold? Was Cleopatra gorgeous In a gown of gold? Oh shining tree! Oh, silver rivers of the soul! In a whirling cabaret Six long-headed jazzers play.

Metaphor: “shining rivers of the soul” –comparing music to a flowing river. Couplet: “A dancing girl…silken gold” –two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme, eight syllables each. Allusion: “Eve” –reference to the first woman mentioned in The Bible. Assonance: “bold, Cleopatra, gorgeous, gown, gold” –repetition of the “o” vowel sound. Refrain: “Oh shining tree! Oh, silver rivers of the soul!” –a repeated group of lines.

Memories of President Lincoln

“O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!” Walt Whitman O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done, The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is

won, The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting, While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and

daring; But O heart! heart! heart! O the bleeding drops of red, Where on the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead. O Captain! my Captain! rise up and hear the bells; Rise up—for you the flag is flung—for you the bugle

trills, For you bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths—for you the

shores a-crawding, For you they call, the swaying mass, their eager faces

turning; Here Captain! dear father! The arm beneath your head! It is some dream that on the deck, You’ve fallen cold and dead. My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still, My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will, The ship is anchor’d safe and sound, its voyage closed and

done, From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won: Exult O shores, and ring O bells! But I with mournful tread, Walk the deck my Captain lies, Fallen cold and dead.

Symbolism: (1) The “Captain” refers to President Abraham Lincoln who dies as his (2) “ship,” referring to the nation that survived the stormy Civil War, arrives in port. Elegy: The poem was written as a response to the assassination of President Lincoln. It does lack the complete, formal development of a true elegy. Tone: A somber emotion expresses itself while also presenting an exalted feeling for the fallen President: “grim,” “bleeding drops of red,” “Fallen cold and dead,” “lips are pale,” “no pulse nor will,” “mournful tread.” Rhyme: The poem possesses a rhymed, rhythmically regular verse: abccdefggccheiejjaagege. Stanza: There are three stanzas in this poem: four lines of exposition followed by four lines of response. Refrain: The phrase “fallen cold and dead” concludes each stanza.

Psalm 23 David The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not be in want. He makes me lie down in green pastures, He leads me beside quiet waters, He restores my soul. He guides me in paths of righteousness for His name’s sake. Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for you are with me; Your rod and Your staff they comfort me. You prepare a table before me in the presence of my enemies. You anoint my head with oil; my cup overflows. Surely goodness and love will follow me all the days of my life, And I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever.

Metaphor: “Lord is…shepherd” —attributing human vocation to Diety. Assonance: “valley, shadow, death” –repetition of “a” sound. Imagery: “valley of the shadow of death” –paints a word picture. Personification: “rod and staff comfort” –attribute human emotion to objects. “goodness and love will follow” –emotions given human quality of protectors/guards.

dandelions Deborah Austin under cover of night and rain the troops took over. waking to total war in beleaguered houses over breakfast we faced the batteries marshalled by wall and stone, deployed with a master strategy no one had suspected and now all firing pow all day, all yesterday and all today the barrage continued deafening sight. realing now, eyes ringing from noise, from walking gingerly over the mined lawns exploded at every second rocked back by the starshellfire concussion of gold on green bringing battle-fatigue pow by lionface firefur pow by goldburst shellshock pow by whoosh splat splinteryellow pow by pow by pow tomorrow smoke drifts up from the wrecked battalions, all the ammunition, firegold fury, gone. smoke drifts thistle-blown over the war-zone, only here and there, in the shade by the peartree pow in the crack by the curbstone pow and back of the ashcan, lonely guerrilla snipers, hoarding their fire shrewdly never pow surrender

Personification: “the troops took over” –dandelions are compared to military troops attacking a house. Hyperbole: “waking to total war in beleaguered houses” –exaggeration of the ability of dandelions to wage all-out warfare against a home. Metaphor: “lionface firefur” –comparison between the furry mane of a lion to the ring of yellow petals of the dandelion. Irony: “never…surrender” –even though dandelions “wage ware” it is ironic that they ever would consider surrendering. Free verse: This poem is written with no regular meter or rhyme scheme.

Works Cited Austin, Deborah. “dandelions.” Introduction to Poetry. Cincinnati, Ohio: McCormick-Mathers

Publishing Company, Inc., 1965, 11. David. “Psalm 23.” Holy Bible: New International Version. East Brunswick, New Jersey:

International Bible Society, 1973, 410. Hughes, Langston. “Jazzonia.” American Negro Poetry. New York: Hill and Wang, 1963, 63. Lawrence, D. H. “Piano.” The Language of Literature. Evanston, IL,: McDougal Littell, 2002,

229. Whitman, Walt. “O Captain! My Captain!” Leaves of Grass. New York: New American Library,

1955, 271. Instructions/Example

Ruler Second Line Indent: Move the “middle” blue marker to ½ inch.

Author’ Name (Last, First). “Title of the Poem.” Title of the Source Book. Place of Publication:

Publisher, Date, Page.

Oral Interpretation I have chosen “Dandelions,” by Deborah Austin due to its explosive language, martial cadence, and general use of hyperbole. Austin combines the bursting of dandelions on a lawn with a military barrage of cannon fire. Her use of imagery and personification add a sense of whimsy to her verbal picture.

dandelions Deborah Austin under cover of night and rain the troops took over. waking to total war in beleaguered houses over breakfast we faced the batteries marshaled by wall and stone, deployed with a master strategy no one had suspected and now all firing pow all day, all yesterday and all today the barrage continued deafening sight. realing now, eyes ringing from noise, from walking gingerly over the mined lawns exploded at every second rocked back by the starshellfire concussion of gold on green bringing battle-fatigue

Loud whisper “waking” raise voice to “war” cadence raise voice “firing” loud ( pause ) loud (pause) paced cadence softer voice ( hand movements ) “exploded” loud “starshell fire” loud, cadence cadence s l o w e r “bringing battle-fatigue”

pow by lionface firefur pow by goldburst shellshock pow by whoosh splat splinteryellow pow by pow by pow tomorrow smoke drifts up from the wrecked battalions, all the ammunition, firegold fury, gone. smoke drifts thistle-blown over the war-zone, only here and there, in the shade by the peartree pow in the crack by the curbstone pow and back of the ashcan, lonely guerrilla snipers, hoarding their fire shrewdly never pow surrender

“pow” loud cadence “whoosh” loud ( repeat ) “tomorrow” slow and easy ( pause ) “smoke”… slowly (hand motions) after “only” (pause)

Slowly read “pow” medium loud … (short pause) after “never” longer pause “pow” soft voice quietly “surrender”

Insert PowerPoint printed version of your oral interpretation on the pages following your typed copy.

Writing Poetry Student Name

Simile A figure of speech that uses ‘like’, ‘as’, or ‘as if’ to compare two essentially different objects, actions, or attributes that share some aspect of similarity. Moonlight through a window Glistening through the window Like dancing elves Moonlight flooded into my life And softly whispered words of hope Animal in positive setting Like a gazelle I raced The ground was hard, grasping at my feet Yet, on I flew with the grace of an eagle Soaring beyond my competition

Onomatopoeia The use of words whose sound imitates the sound of the thing being named.

Floating Clouds The lazy afternoon floated by When, through boredom, I lifted my eye And observed the quiet collision of two clouds Conjoining themselves, rumbling, grumbling, thunder clouds. Climbing into a Treehouse The fortress rises on the limbs of a majestic oak Its access ladder creeks and groans with every raised footstep Splooch, deadly water cannon shelling the approaching enemy Crack-crack, Crack-crack, the sound of clashing wooden swords

Personification A figure of speech in which human characteristics are attributed to animals, plants, inanimate

objects, natural forces or abstract ideas.. Thoughts from a Student Desk Wearily I wait for my next occupant. He plops down his books, And without any concern for my feelings Scratches and etches indelible marks upon my looks A person in a forest meadow I see her coming near the place where I have built my home. From under the blazing sun she looks at me with quiet satisfaction My large presence acts like an umbrella for her comfort, on her roam. Just once, I would like to hear the words, “Thank you,” for my function.

Alliteration The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or within words..

Something on/in a pond Fish look up and see my webbed feet, splish, splash, in their domain. But this wonderful watery world does not belong to them alone. Frogs, bugs, and geese; deer, beaver, and otter also find a home In the cool, calming environment we call home, our liquid terrain. Sunrise or Sunset Quietly the silent sun surfaces From below the waves it rises behind the clouds

above the clouds Chasing the wild wind while it may.

Hyperbole Obvious exaggeration or overstatement meant to create humor or emphasis.

Paul Bunyan, or another “tall tale” character With a double-headed ax that sees through each tree before it slices a clean cut Paul clear-cuts a hundred acres of forest in the twinkling of an eye. With narry a bead of sweat on his brow the giant man strides Leaving lakes in the wake of his path across the uncharted wilderness. Children playing ‘Monopoly,’ ‘Stratego,’ ‘Battleship,’ but not ‘Candyland’ Catch, Bikes, Horse, but never tea parties We spend daylight conquering pirates, defeating Ninjas Nighttime, alone…counting stars, dreaming

Metaphor An implied analogy in which one thing is imaginatively and directly compared to or identified

with another, dissimilar thing. Ocean waves and ____________________ A B C D The fall season (trees, weather, harvest) and ____________________ E F G H

Symbol Anything, usually something concrete that signifies or stands for something else, usually

something abstract. Friendship Aa Aa Aa Aa Climbing a flight of stairs Aa Aa Aa Aa

Imagery Figurative language that appeals to the five senses and creates “pictures in words.”

A sailboat on a lake Aa Aa Aa Aa Riding a winged unicorn Aa As Aa Aa Extra: Growing Up Ramblings in “Sleepy Hollow,” hide-and-go-seek, the dusk of capturing fireflies We spend our time together talking, planning, dreaming. Afterschool sports, girlfriends, motorcycles, hamburgers-shakes-fries We spend out time together—with others—talking, planning, dreaming.

Verbal Irony

A figure of speech in which there is a contrast between what is said and what is actually meant. Ship on the sea The seasoned captain stood defiantly on deck Angry waves burst upon the bow of the sturdy vessel Boisterous winds buffeted his body with salt-laden spray As the ship lay tied to the pier. Teacher in the classroom Eager students sat in rapt attention For every word of guided instruction To prove their worth in exceptional form But only in the daydream of a professor forlorn.

Assonance The close repetition of middle vowel sounds between different consonant sounds.

Pencil writing on paper Aa Aa Aa Aa Knight in shining armor Aa Aa Aa Aa

Original Poem Your Original Poem Written Here Title Poem Written Student Name

Original Poem Your Original Poem Analyzed Here Title Poem Written Poem Analyzed on the right

Original Poem Your First Draft Written Here Put your ideas on paper Minimum of 16 lines *** Show editing on the right for poetic terms

Original Poem Your Second Draft Written Here Edited for poetic terms *** Show editing on the right for punctuation

Original Poem Your Third Draft Written Here Edited for punctuation *** Show editing on the right for any last changes