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tory grades, they show how a cult, whose members cannot be consideredfirst-class philosophers, were able to express and successfully transmita rather complex set of inferences about the real nature of the world andthe many processes taking place in it, without the necessity of using texts

and a verbally expounded exegesis binding for all Mithraists. And that wasdefinitely no small achievement.

200 Ale Chalupa

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RESUM

Sedm mithraistickch stup: inician, nebo knsk hierarchie?

Studie se zamfiuje na nkter dosud nevyjasnn otzky spojen s povahou sedmi mi-thraistickch stup, kter byly vzneseny v nedvn dob. Patfi sem pfiedevm otzka, zdaje sedm mithraistickch stup mon chpat jako inician hierarchii, navc univerzlnpfitomnou ve vech mithraistickch komunitch. Pfiestoe tento nzor byl ve starm bd-n veobecn pfiijmn, v roce 1990 vyslovil nmeck badatel Manfred Clauss na zkladdkladnho rozboru epigrafickho materilu domnnku, e v pfipad mithraistickch stup- se jednalo spe o vy knsk funkce, do kterch se nechval zasvtit pouze u okruhvyznava a kter byly navc uplatovny pouze v nkterch oblastech msk fie, pfiede-vm v m a Ostii. V roce 1999 do diskuze zashl rovn Robert Turcan se svm tvrze-nm, e v pfipad mithraistickch stup mme co do inn s pozdn a relativn nedlei-tou inovac, kter se rozvinula mezi fimskmi a ostijskmi mithraisty v posledn tvrtin2. stolet n.l.

Po strunm pfiehledu naich dosavadnch znalost o mithraistickch stupnch jsou obave zmnn nzory podrobeny kritickmu vyhodnocen, mimo jin i na zklad novchdleitch nlez (mithraistick album z Viruna, ndoba z Mohue, fresky ze syrskho mi-thraea v Hawarti atd.), a odmtnuty jako neodvodnn. Mithraistick stupn je nadle mo-n pokldat za (1) inician a zvazn pro vechny mithraisty; (2) s nejvt pravdpodob-nost univerzln; (3) dleit prostfiedek k vyjdfien nkterch centrlnch nboenskchmotiv tohoto kultu.

stav religionistiky ALE CHALUPAFilozofick fakulta

Masarykova univerzita e-mail: chalupa.ales@volny.czArna Novka 1602 00 Brno

201