2. Part 1_Directional Drilling

7/25/2019 2. Part 1_Directional Drilling

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Directional Well DrillingPart 1

By: Titus N. Ofei

Petroleum Engineering Department

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia

2015


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Well Types & Application


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Learning Objectives (CO1)

At the end of the lecture, students should be able to:

Describe the types of directional wells

Sketch and label the types of directional wells

Explain the reasons we drill directionally


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INTRODUCTION

Directional drilling is the science and art ofdeviating a wellbore along a planned course toa subsurface target whose location is a givenlateral distance and direction from the vertical.Today, it is more science than an art.!!!

Directional drilling program may alter or affectthe casing and cementing program, hydraulics,

centralization, and completion techniques

The planning and drilling is an extensive topicthat requires a thorough understanding of thecomponents before implementation.

Fig. 1: Direc


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TYPES OF DIRECTIONAL WELL

Type 1: JType or Build & Hold Trajectory

This type is made of a vertical section, one buildsection and a tangent section (hold) to the target.

The well is drilled vertically from the surface to thekickoff point (KOP) at a relatively shallow depth.

From the KOP, the well is steadily and smoothlydeflected and a straight angle approach is used toreach the target.

Applicable for single producing zones with shallow-to-

moderate depth.Fig. 1: Type 1

Trajec


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TYPES OF DIRECTIONAL WELLS C

Type 2: SType or Build-Hold-DropTrajectory

The well is made up of a vertical section,build section, tangent section (hold), anddrop section to the target.

Applicable to target multiple pay zones,or to avoid fault regions.

Limitations include generation of moretorque and drag for the same horizontal

departure.Fig. 2: Type 2

Traje


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Type 3: Horizontal or Build-Hold-Build Trajectory

The well is made up of a vertical section, build section,tangent section (hold), 2nd build section horizontal to thetarget.

Kick-off point (KOP) below the well surface is in therange of 30005000 ft.

Applicable for thin oil zones with water or gas coningproblems.

It also maximizes productivity from low permeability

reservoirs by increasing the reservoirs contact area.

Fig. 3: Type 3B

Trajec


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Type 4: Continuous Build Trajectory

The well is made up of a vertical sectionand a build section to the target.

This well has relatively deep initialdeflection at which point hole angle ismaintained to the target.

Applicable for salt dome drilling, faultdrilling, sidetracking and re-drilling.

Fig. 4: Type 4C

Traject


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APPLICATIONS

1. Sidetracking is the result of havingto avoid materials which cannot be

retrieved from the well, such as:tools, drillpipes, drill collar, scrapmetal etc.

Fig. 5: Sidetracking

2. Reservoirs may be situated ulocations such as populated t

environmentally sensitive arebodies where the use of offsinfrastructure is inefficient an

Fig. 6: Inaccessible


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APPLICATIONS CONTD.

3. This involves drilling multiple wellsfrom a single location especially

offshore, where it is easier toaccess a range of wells from onelocation.

Fig. 7: Cluster/platform drilling

4. A Salt dome is a mushroomdiaper made of salt. Hydr

commonly found around sabecause of the abundancetraps created by the salt m

Fig. 8: Salt dome


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APPLICATIONS CONTD.

5. The well is intentionally deviatedaround the fault plane to avoid

excessive mud loss and any possibledamage to the casing due toinstability

Fig. 9: Fault control

6. Relief wells are drilled to blowout. Heavy mud is pum

the relief well into the reseattempt to overcome the pthe blowout.

Fig. 10: Relie


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APPLICATIONS CONTD.

7. This is normally used extensively toinstall infrastructure such as: oil, gas,

and water pipelines or powercables running underground.

Fig. 11: Horizontal well

8. Multilateral wells are singor more sidetracks from th

(mother) well. Production iscommingled. Although this intensive well, yet, higher pis achieved than normal w

Fig. 12: Multilatera


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SUMMARY

Now, discuss (in 5 minutes) with the person next to you the foll

Describe the types of directional wells

Sketch and label the types of directional wells

Explain the reasons we drill directionally

Video


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END OF PRESENTATION

2. Part 1_Directional Drilling

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