2 Nutritional Assessment
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Nutritional Assessment
The interpretation of information
obtained from dietary, biochemical,
anthropometric, clinical studies
and/or other studies to determine
the nutritional status of
individuals/groups and identify
those at nutritional risk
Nutritional Status
condition of health of an
individual as influenced by
intake and utilization of
nutrients
Methods that provide direct information
Anthropometric
measurement
Biochemical examination
Biophysical technique
Clinical examination
Methods of Nutritional Assessment
Methods that provide indirect information
Dietary Assessment
Food consumption studies
Studies on physical activities
Studies on food supply
Studies on demographic, socio-economic
conditions
Studies on cultural and anthropological
influences
Methods of Nutritional Assessment
Nutritional Anthropometry
concerned with the measurement
of the variations of the
dimensions, proportion and gross
composition of the human body at
different age levels and degrees of
nutrition
Examples
Common Body
Measurements
What the Measurement
Indicates
Weight Body mass
Length or Height Skeletal growth
Knee Height Skeletal growth
Skinfold Thickness Body fat
Mid-upper arm
Circumference
Fat and fat free mass
Mid-arm Circumference Fat free mass
Waist/Hip Ratio Android obesity
Dietary Assessment
Determines inadequacy of
dietary and/or nutrient intakes,
either because of primary or
secondary deficiency
Steps in Dietary Assessment
1. Obtaining dietary information
24-hour Food Recall
Food Frequency Questionnaire
Food Record
Dietary History
2. Dietary data analysis
Qualitative
Quantitative
3. Dietary Evaluation
Scheme for the development of a
nutritional deficiency Stage Depletion Stage Method(s) Used
1 Dietary inadequacy Dietary
2 Decreased level in reserve tissue store Biochemical
3 Decreased level in body fluids Biochemical
4 Decreased functional level in tissues Anthropometric/
Biochemical
5 Decreased Activity in nutrient-dependent
enzyme
Biochemical
6 Functional change Behavioral/
Physiological
7 Clinical symptoms Clinical
8 Anatomical sign Clinical
Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)
Kwashiorkor
•Caused by inadequate protein in the
presence of adequate food energy
• Usually experienced among 0-2 years
old children
•Occurs after breastfeeding stops and
child is weaned into a starchy diet
KWASHIORKOR
•Moon face
•Apathetic •Scrotal Edema
•Hair dyspigmentation
•Hepatic enlargement •Flaky paint
dermatosis
Marasmus
a disease of starvation, deficiency of
both protein and food energy
Usually experienced among 1-3 years
old children
Due to inadequate breastfeeding or
improper (diluted) milk formula
Classifications used during Disaster and
Emergency Situation
Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) means weight of children under 5 years is
between 70% and 80% of the median
weight-for-height or between -3 and -2 Z-
scores weight-for-height