Latin 2

Ms. Kass

Name __________________________

National Latin Exam Study Guide

Question Words

Quis- who?

Quid- what?

Quot- how many?

Adverbs

Cras-tomorrow

Heri- yesterday

Ibi- there

Mox- soon

Numquam- never

Saepe- often

Statim- immediately

Subito- suddenly

Tum- then

Ubi- where/when

Cur- why

Quomodo- how

Adverbs in Latin look just like adjectives except they end in e.

i.e. Laetus- happy (adjective); Laete- happily (adjective)

Liber- free (adjective); libere- freely

Conjunctions

Aut- or

Et- and

Neque- nor

Quod- because

Sed- but

Et…et- both…and

Neque…neque- neither…nor

“-ne” attached to the ending of the first word of a sentence indicate that the sentence is a question.

i.e. videtne? -does he/she see?

“-que” attached to the end of a word means “and”

i.e. puella puerque- the boy and the girl

PRONOUNSpersonal ego, tu, nos, vos (nominative, dative, accusative, ablative) relative qui, quae, quod (nominative only) Quis- whoQuid- what

ADJECTIVESDeclensions I and II noun/adjective agreement Possessive:Meus, mea, meum- myTuus, tua, tuum- yourSuus, sua, suum- his own, her own, its own, their ownNoster, nostra, nostrum- ourVester, vestra, vestrum- your (pl)

New CaseVocative case- case of direct addressi.e, Salve, amice! Amice is in the vocative case.In the 1st and 3rd declensions, the vocative case is identical to the nominative case. 2nd declension nouns that end in -er (i.e. puer) and 2nd declension plural nouns have identical nominative and vocative endings. 2nd declension nouns that end in -us in the singular (i.e. amicus) end in -e in the vocative.

1st declension vocative endingsSg -aPl -ae

2nd declension vocative endings for nouns that end in -us in the nominative singularSg -ePl -i

2nd declension vocative endings for nouns that end in -er in the nominative singularSg- erPl -i

2nd declension vocative endings for neuter nounsSg- umPl -a

3rd declension vocative endings for masculine and feminine nounsSg- Identical to nominative singularPl -es

3rd declension vocative endings for neuter nounsSg -Identical to nominative singularPl -a

Exceptions-Proper nouns that end in -ius in the nominative end in -I in the vocativei.e. Salvius (nominative, Salvi (vocative)Filius (son) becomes fili in the vocative.Meus (my) becomes mi in the vocative.

New Verb TenseFuture- I will _____________/I am going to __________________Endings: bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis, bunti.e. amare- to loveSingular1st amabo- I will love2nd amabis- you will love3rd amabit- he/she/it will love

Plural1st amabimus- we will love2nd amabitis- you all will love3rd amabunt- they will love

Future of esse- to beSingular1st ero- I will be2nd- eris- you will be3rd- erit- he/she/it will be

Plural1st- erimus- we will be2nd- eritis- you all will be3rd- erunt- they will be

Future of posse- to be ableSingular1st- potero- I will be able2nd- poteris- you will be able3rd- poterit- he/she/it will be able

Plural1st – poterimus- we will be able2nd- poteritis- you all will be able3rd- poterunt- they will be able

Numbers

Unus, una, unum- one

Duo, duae, duo- two

Tres, tria- three

Quattuor- four

Quinque- five

Sex- six

Septem- seven

Octo- eight

Novem- nine

Decem- ten

Centum- one hundred

Mille- one thousand

Interjections

Ecce!- look!

Negative Imperatives

Sg. Noli + infinitive

Pl. Nolite + infinitive

Idioms

Gratias agere- to thank

Memoria tenere- to remember

Prima luce- at dawn/at first light

Common Spoken Latin Phrases

Salve!- Hello to one person

Salvete!- hello to more than one person

Vale!/Valete!- Goodbye

Quid agis?- how are you?

Quid est nomen tibi- what is your name?

Sol lucet- the sun is shining

Adsum- I’m here/I’m present

Licetne mihi ad latrinam- may I go to the bathroom?

Expressions, Mottoes, Abbreviations

E pluribus unum- out of many, one

Tempus fugit- time flies

N.B.- Nota bene- observe carefully/take note

Carpe diem- seize the day

A.M.- Ante meridiem- before midday

P.M. Post meridiem- after midday

Veni, vidi, vici- I came, I saw, I conquered

Summa cum laude- with the highest praise

Per annum- yearly

A.D.- Anno Domini- in the year of the lord

S.P.Q.R.- Senatus Populusque Romanus- Represents the might of the Roman government and people

Roman History

Roman Monarchy- 753 b.c.e.- 510 b.c.e.- Ruled by kings

7 kings of Rome- Romulus (founder of Rome; twin brother of Remus; according to legend was raised by wolves), Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Martius, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud; ruled as a tyrant)

Roman Republic- 510 b.c.e.- 27 b.c.e.- Ruled by consuls (two annually elected magistrates)

Roman Empire- 27 b.c.e.- 476 c.e.- Ruled by emperors

Roman Heroes- Horatius (army officer of Ancient Roman Republic who defended the Pons Sublicius (a bridge) from an invading of army of the king of Clusium) and Cincinnatus (a legendary model of Roman virtues; was a hard working farmer who, in a state of emergency, assumed complete control of the state. When he was no longer needed, he returned to his farm)

Mythology

Gods and goddesses of Olympus

Daphne and Apollo- Apollo pursued Daphne (a nymph). She tried to flee from him. Her father turned her into a laurel tree to protect her.

Arachne and Minerva- Arachne (a mortal woman) challenged Minerva to a weaving contest- Minerva turned her into a spider

Midas- everything he touched turned to gold

Roman Life

Forum, Palatine Hill (the centermost Roman hill), Via Appia (one of the earliest and most strategically important roads of Rome; connected Rome to Brindisi); Pantheon (Roman temple dedicated to all the gods); Campus Martius (the field of Mars; a publicly owned area in Ancient Rome); Circus Maximus (Ancient Roman chariot racing stadium and entertainment venue), Colosseum;

Housing/Parts of the House; Clothing; Members of the Ancient Roman Household/Family; Meals

Architectural structures- aqueducts, thermae (baths), amphitheatrum, curia (senate house), basilica (ancient Roman building with law courts)

Geography

Roman world- Locate Roma, Italia, Gallia, Graecia Britannia, Hispania, Mare Nostrum (Mediterranean Sea) Tiber River, Ostia, Pompeii, Mt. Vesuvius, Brundisium, Appenine Mts., Africa, Athens, Carthage, Asia Minor, Troy