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Hardware Installation Of BTS

Course No.: QA-HI-008Compiled by: Engineering Center Service Management Dept.Issue Date: 2004-11-15

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HuaweiTable of Contents

• Introduction to BTS312

• Procedure to Install BTS312

• Install BTS312 Cabinet

• Install Antenna and Feeder System

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HuaweiIntroduction to BTS312Most GSM base stations are BTS312 presently. BTS30 is seldom used. The features of BTS312 are as follows:Dimensions: 1880 mm 650 mm 500 mm (H W D)Weight (under full configuration of 12 TRXs): 330 kgPower consumption (under full configuration of 12 TRXs): 2400 WNormal working temperature: 15–30 CNormal working humidity: 40%–60%Transmitting frequency band (MHZ): BTS 935~960 M1805~1880 MMS 890~815 M 1710~1785MA BTS cabinet consists of four subracks: one public resources subrack and three TRX combiner and divider subracks from bottom up.A single BTS cabinet can hold up to 12 TRXs. Combined cabinets are used to achieve the synchronous cells of more than 12 TRXs. Among the combined cabinets, the cabinet that includes the TMU acts as the basic cabinet and the others as the extended ones. The extended cabinets receive the time and maintenance signals through cables from the basic cabinet.

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HuaweiIntroduction to BTS312

RF schematic diagram of BTS312

3 Typical CDU-involved configurations - 6 or S6/6/6 P8

TTA (optional)

A sector uses a dual polarization sectorizedbeam antenna (S6)An omnidirectional cell uses two singlepolarization omnidirectional antennas ( 6)

Amplifier AmplifierFilter

FilterDuplexer Duplexer Combiner

Combiner CombinerCombiner Combiner1-to-4divider

1-to-4divider

1-to-4divider

1-to-4divider

PAPA

PA

PA

PAPA

The left figureshows the majorparts of six TRXsof a sector or anomnidirectionalcell.

Only one SCUand thecorrespondingTRXs andconnectionaccessories needbe added to asector to expandS4/4/4 to S6/6/6.

Antenna

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HuaweiIntroduction to BTS312

Overall system architecture of BTS312

Mains

Generator

AC powerdistribution

boxACU

Rectifierunit

Cabling rack

BTS

BTS DDF

Transmission equipment(DDF, SDH, and microwave)

Antenna stand

Outdoor lightningprotection ground

DCUBattery

DC powerdistributioncabinet/box Cabinet

Alarmcollection

box

Feederwindow

Feedergrounding clip

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HuaweiIntroduction to BTS312

earthing of BTS312

Tower

Grounding bar Ground loopof tower

Outdoorgrounding bar

Ground loopof building

DC workinggrounding bar

AC grounding bar

Rack (indoor)

Protectiongrounding bar

Building

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HuaweiProcedure to Install BTS312

1. Preparation before installation1) Personnel preparation 2) Documentation preparation 3) Tools

2. Check room conditions1) Building conditions 2) Environment conditions3) Power supply conditions4) Auxiliary equipment 5) Lightning protection and earthing

3. Engineering plan1) Engineering interface 2) Engineering coordination and cooperation 3) Engineering schedule

4. Preparation after arrival at customer's location1) Engineering coordination meeting 2) View equipment room 3) Unpack goods for inspection4) Enter goods in equipment room 5) Start installation and commissioning

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HuaweiProcedure to Install BTS312

2. Install board

4. Prepare and route outdoor jumper

3. Install CDU

1. Fix cabinet

4. Install cables in cabinet

8. Install lightning arrester

7. Install trunk cables on DDF

9. Prepare and route outdoor jumper

5. Install power and earthing cables

2. Install TTA (optional)

6. Install power supply lightning

arrester

5. Install lightning protection earthing clip

3. Route feeder

Hardware installation check

Clean up engineering documentation

1. Install antenna

6. Attach label

Procedure to install BTS312

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HuaweiInstall BTS312 Cabinet

A BTS312 cabinet can be installed: On an antistatic floor On a cement ground

There are the following three possibilities of installing the cabinet on the cement ground according to the uniform load of the ground and the distance between the cabinet rear and the wall opposite.To install the cabinet far from the wall. This is applicable when the rear of the BTS312 cabinet is not less than 800 mm away from the wall opposite.To install the cabinet near the wall. This is applicable when the rear of the BTS312 cabinet is less that 800 mm away from the wall opposite.To install the cabinet on a large base. This is applicable when the uniform load of the ground is less than 4 kN/m2. The large base decreases the pressure of the cabinet pushing on the ground.The distance between the cabinet rear and the wall opposite cannot be less than 100 mm in consideration of heat dissipation.

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Install BTS312 Cabinet – Position Cabinet and Mark Lines

Learn the uniform load of the ground in the equipment room and the weight of the cabinet and batteries (the weights of different types of batteries are different). Position the cabinet according to the reference dimensions in the engineering design drawings. Position several marking points using a tape measure. Mark two 370-mm-spaced lines parallel to the reference using a fountain pen. Position the mounting holes of the first cabinet on the two lines based on the design requirements. Mark the mounting holes of the other cabinets with these holes as a reference.

Inner wall or reference body

Cabinet door edge line

Expansion bolt M12

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Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install Cabinet Near Wall

Apply a base suite to connect the cabinet with the ground when installing the cabinet near the wall opposite to the cabinet rear. The suite consists of an upper frame and a lower one. Fix the upper frame at the bottom of the cabinet. Fix the lower one on the cement ground. Assemble the upper and lower frames to complete the installation.

Lower frame

Spring washer 12Insulation

shell

Mounting direction

Gasket

M12 nutLarge plainwasher 12

Insulation pad

M12X 80 explosive expansion bolt

Lower frame

Upper frame

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Bolt M12X35

Spring washer 12

Insulation shell

Large plain washer

Upper frameof base suite

Install BTS312 Cabinet – Connect Combined Cabinets

Connecting holes

Shield cover and fastener of side panel

Remove the shield cover and fastener from the side panel by which you want to combine the cabinet with another cabinet. Attach shield strip to the outer surface around the port.

Place all the combined cabinets in position. Align them closely. Connect them by inserting fasteners through the connecting holes (four) in their side panels.

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Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install Cabinet Far from Wall

Align the mounting holes of the large base with the corresponding expansion bolts. Fix the large base on the ground using nuts, spring washers, and plain washers. Tighten the nuts to 45N•m. Pay attention to the installation direction of the cabinet. Be careful to mount the insulation washers and insulation shells when installing the cabinet. Fix the cabinet on the large base using bolts and washers. Tighten the bolts to 45Nm. Be sure to apply large plain washers rather than common ones.

Apply a large base to decrease the pressure of the cabinet pushing on the ground when installing the cabinet far from the wall opposite to the cabinet rear.

Extended base

Extended base

Connecting section steel

Basic base

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Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install Cabinet on Antistatic Floor

Install BTS312 cabinet on antistatic floor

Connecting holes for installing BTS312 cabinet

Upper support

Lower support

Mounting hole

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(1) Port for data bus (DCF1) (2) External alarm ports (EAC1, EAC2) (3) 120 E1 ports (TME1) (4) Port for battery management signal cable (PWRC) (5) Clock ports (CKB1, CKB2) (6) Port for data bus (DCF2) (7) 75 E1 port (TX, RX) (8) External synchronization clock port (SYNC) (9) Ports for cascading CDUs of combined cabinets (CDU) (10) Port for earthing cable of combined cabinets (SHELLGND) (11) Ports for external power cables(12) Feeder input port (ANT) Terminals on top of BTS312 cabinet

Install BTS312 Cabinet – Terminals on Cabinet Top

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Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install Power Cable of Alarm Box

The alarm box power cable has white, black and green cores.(1) Connect the OT terminal of the white core together with the blue -48V/+24V power cable to one filter binding post.(2) Connect the black core together with the black -48V/+24V power cable to one filter binding post.(3) Connect the green core together with the yellow PGND cable to the PGND screw on the cabinet top.

Note: For an environment monitor unit of 220V AC power supply connect the communication ground to the PGND screw on the cabinet top. Connect the AC power input cables still to the AC power distribution box.

Panel of alarm box

7 5. 5 %

2 5. 5

℃

Other

Water

Door

Photoelectricity

Noise

Infrared

Fire

Smoke

Humidity

Temperature

April 8 10 : 23

Dangerevacuation

Alarmnotification

Alarmhandling

Normal

Lowertem

peraturelim

it

Uppertem

peraturelim

it

Lower humidity

limit

Upper humidity

limit

Settings

Time setting

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Huawei has adopted a new method to install the DC power supply lightning arrester and E1 lightning arrester of a BTS. Huawei replaces the existing power input box cover with a new one. The E1 and power supply lightning arresters are designed to be in the new power input box cover (on the cabinet top).

1. Install power supply lightning arresterKeep the -48V/+24V end of the power supply lightning arrester facing the opening of the protective ring. Keep its end with the earth sign away from the opening of the ring.2. Install E1 lightning arresterKeep the OUT/Equip end of all the E1 lightning arresters on the inner side of the lightning protection box cover. Keep their IN/Line end on the outer side of the box. The lightning arrester is useless when you install it in the opposite direction.

Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install Lightning Arrester

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Be sure to wear an antistatic wrist strap before touching the equipment or holding a plug board, circuit board or IC chip. Keep the other end of the antistatic wrist strap well grounded. This is to prevent your static electricity from damaging the sensitive components.The electrostatic discharge impairments can accumulate. The components are not disabled when a slight impairment occurs. However, they will suddenly become disabled when cumulative impairments are caused. The electrostatic discharge impairments are divided into two kinds, dominant impairment and recessive impairment. You might not perceive a recessive impairment immediately it occurs. However, the impaired component will become more delicate and be in all likelihood damaged under over-voltage and high temperature conditions.

Install BTS312 Cabinet – Static Electricity Protection

Connector of antistatic wrist strap

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Huawei provides the RF cable suite according to the actual BTS configuration. Each cable has a number at either end, indicating where the end shall be connected (make sure that the terminal silkscreen on the panel is proper).1. Do not bend a cable sharply in a too small bending radius, risking damage on the cable. The appropriate bending radius is greater than 3 cm. Screw a SMA load on an idle SMA port of a combiner/divider. Be careful to connect the matched load to an output port of a divider to avoid an open signal output circuit during the service. Check the cable routing. Make sure that all RF connectors are installed. Prevent dummy connection from affecting the system service.2. Tighten an RF connector using a spanner by appropriate force. Do not over-tighten or under-tighten it. Impart different torques to different types of connectors.The receiving cable from the divider output port of a CDU to the RX input port of a TRX has a SMA connector at either end. The transmitting cable from the power output port of a TRX to the TX1/TX2 port of a CDU has an N connector at either end. The soft jumper from the antenna receiving/transmitting port of a CDU to the top of the BTS312 cabinet has a 7/16DIN connector (to the cabinet top) and a N connector (to the CDU).Recommended torques for the various types of connectors are as follows:SMA: 0.6~1.8 N?m Recommended tool and manufacturer: 74Z-0-0-21 (Huber-Suhner)N: 0.7~1.1 N?m Recommended tool and manufacturer: 74Z-0-0-193 (Huber-Suhner)7/16DIN: 25~30 N?m

Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install RF Cables

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-48V

! Cable size 95 mm2

Outdoor earthing barIndoor earthing bar

* Make a water curve for the feeder outside the fee

der window entry.

Power supply lightning arrester

Transmission

* Route the various signal cables separately from the power and earthin

g cables.

* Grounded at a point within 1 m outside the feeder window entry* Keep the feeder earthing clips at an angle of less than 15 from the feeder. Lay them from the top down.

Feeder

Indoor

OutdoorBTS Primary power supply or

DC power distribution cabinet

! Cable size 95 mm2

! Be careful to mount the insulation washers during the installation to insulate the cabinet from the ground and walls.

-48V GND PGND

* Keep the feeder window well sealed.

* Ground the indoor cabling rack to the indoor earthing bar.

* Separate the indoor cabling rack from the outdoor cabling rack.

! Ground the GND of the primary power supply.! The power supply safety is satisfactory.

Install the power supply lightning arrester on the cabinet top.

! Distinguish the power and earthing cables by their colors and install them properly.! The size of all the power and earthing cables are satisfactory.! Cut the excess power and earthing cables. Do not coil them.!! Do not apply a connector in the middle of one power or earthing cable.! Install the cable connectors securely.

! Install antenna and feeder lightning arrester

Indoor cabling rack

Note: Ground the indoor and outdoor earthing bars respectively to the ground grid. The earthing resistance shall be not greater than 5 .It is acceptable when the earthing resistance is under 10 in the region where the average number of thunderstorm days per year is less than 20.

! The feeder connectors are standard and secure.! The bending radius of the feeder/jumper is not less than 20 times the diameter of the feeder/jumper.! Connect the feeder properly to the proper sector. Attach a proper label properly to either end of it.! Do cross the feeders/jumpers with each other. Arrange them in neat rows and columns. Bend them, where required, in consistent bending radius.

Install BTS312 Cabinet – Install RF Cables

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The antenna and feeder system plays an important role in providing air interface for the GSM BTS. Its engineering design and construction quality are directly related to the system performance of the entire BTS. Its installation is the major part of the BTS system installation. The antenna and feeder system installation normally consumes 70% of the entire engineering time. The installation methods and procedures of different types of antennas in different installation environments are different. The installation supervisor shall determine the installation method and procedure rationally and flexibly according to the engineering design documentation, the number of installation engineers, installation environment and antenna type. Your safety during the installation is also worth your much attention

The antenna and feeder system consists of the antenna, primary feeder, jumper, lightning arrester, tower top amplifier (TTA), and combiner and divider module.

Install Antenna and Feeder System

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Check the installation site Get acquainted with the engineering design documentation Determine the installation method Install the sealing window Lift the antenna Install the TTA Cut feeders and attach temporary labels Prepare feeder connectors and attach labels to the outdoor

part of the feeders Connect feeders with lightning arrester Install indoor jumpers Prepare and attach labels

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Procedure to Install Antenna and Feeder System

Perform the following procedure to install the antenna and feeder system:

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Apply different methods to install different types of antennas.(1) Install a rod omnidirectional antenna on a mast at a side of the tower, on a stand at a side of the tower, at the center of the top of the tower, or on a mast on the top of the building.(2) Install a panel directional antenna on a mast at a side of the tower, on a stand at a side of the tower, or on a master on the top of the building.A TTA has two 7/16DIN (female) RF ports. One is connected with the receiving antenna (marked with ANT). The other is connected with the BTS (marked with BTS). It is connected with the 7/16DIN receiving RF port on the top cover plate of the cabinet through a jumper and feeder.

Omnidirectional antenna

Directional antenna TTA appearance

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Determine Installation Method

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Install Antenna and Feeder System – Lift Antenna

Lift antenna and feeder

Note: Take certain measures to protect the installation engineers and the antenna during the lifting. Wrap the antenna and feeder port to protect the port against paint peel-off and subsequent damage.Only an engineer that is in good conditions and does not catch acrophobia can get on the tower. The engineer cannot drink before getting on the tower. The engineer shall use safety measures and get personal accident insurance.At least five engineers are required to lift the antenna and feeder on a tower. At least three engineers are required to route the feeder at the top of the building.Install the antenna and feeder system in a fine day without strong winds if possible.

Windlass

Object to thetower

Pulley

Pulley

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The horizontal distance between an omnidirectional antenna and the lightning rod of the antenna shall be not less than 2.5 m at the top of the building.For a directional antenna the azimuth error shall be within 5 and the inclination error within 0.5.

Antenna at building top

Note:The area that extends downward at a 45 angle all around the peak of the lightning rod is the protected area of the lightning rod.

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Antenna at Building Top

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An omnidirectional antenna shall be not less than 1.5 m away from the tower. A directional antenna shall be not less than 1 m away from the tower.

The horizontal distance between the receiving and transmitting ends of an omnidirectional antenna shall be not less than 3.5 m. The distance between the diversity receiving ends of a directional antenna shall be not less than 4 m.

The vertical distance between the receiving and transmitting ends of a directional antenna shall be not less than 2.5 m. The vertical distance between the directional antennas on one stand shall be not less than 0.5 m.

The top of an omnidirectional antenna shall be on the same level as or slightly higher than the top of the antenna stand.

An omnidirectional antenna shall stand upright. Its vertical deviation shall be within 2.

Antenna at tower top

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Antenna at Tower Top

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Install Antenna and Feeder System – Adjust Angles of Antenna

The error of antenna azimuth measurement of shall be within 0.50.

Find mounting hole bymounting hole number

Install directional

antenna

Find mounting hole bypitch angle of antenna

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Suspend a lightning arrester between the horizontal crosspieces of the cabling rack. Cut the feeder a proper length apart according to the requirements for lightning arrest position in the engineering design drawings.

The lightning frame is the discharge ground of a feeder lightning arrester. It is located physically indoors. It is actually a part of the earthing system of the antenna and feeder system. The lightning arrester is on the lightning frame and in continuity with the frame. Insulate the lightning frame from the cabling rack at a point about 1 m inside the feeder window entry. Lengthen the distance if it is difficult to achieve that. However, the point shall be as near as possible to the feeder window. Connect the earthing cable of the lightning frame straight through the feeder window to the outdoor copper earthing bar.

Lay the feeders of one sector in one row and arrange all the rows in consistent sequence when the feeders enter the room in the direction parallel to the cabinet or opposite to the cabinet rear. Lay the feeders of one section in one column and arrange all the columns in consistent sequence when the feeders enter the room in the direction opposite to the cabinet front.

Attach the antenna and feeder label at a point 5 cm from one end of the corresponding jumper. One label

is enough on each jumper because the jumper is short.

Feeder lightning arrester

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Install Feeder Lightning Arrester on Cabling Rack

Lightningprotection Equipment

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Lead the earthing cable of a lightning earthing clip from the top down. The appropriate angle formed by the clip and the feeder is not greater than 15. Wind three layers of waterproof and insulation tape around the clip. Wind the first layer from the bottom up, the second from the top down, and the third from the bottom up.Connect the earthing cables of the lightning earthing clips outside to the outdoor earthing bar or well-grounded outdoor cabling rack.Peel the antirust paint off the grounded point of the cabling rack. Recoat the point with antirust paint after installing the earthing cable. Coat all the exposed connectors that are difficult to be wrapped in insulation tape with antirust paint to guarantee good contact.

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Install Lightning earthing Clip

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Install Antenna and Feeder System – Prepare Antenna and Feeder Connector

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Install Antenna and Feeder System – Route Antenna and Feeder Outdoors

Add a grounding clip to a feeder thatruns over 20 m at the building top

Apply a 7/8" feeder if the feeder needrun less than 70 m and a 5/4" feeder if

the feeder need run over 70 m

Ground the outdoor cabling rack

Outdoor grounding cable

Make a water curve for the feederoutside the feeder window entry

Outdoor grounding bar

Primary feeder Building top

Feederwindow

Feeder clip

There are two types of feeder fixing clip: 7/8" and 5/4". Each

type can be further divided in two: 1-in-1 and 3-in-1. Mount a fixing clip every two m of the feeder.

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Make a water curve for the antenna and feeder outside the feeder window entry.

Installed antenna and feeder nameplates

Installed 3-in-1 feeder clip

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Route Antenna and Feeder

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(1) The letters on the feeder nameplates are described as follows:TX: transmittingRX: receivingRXD: receiving diversityTRX: transmitting and receiving(2) The digits following the letters are described as follows:For an omnidirectional cell only one digit follows the letters. It indicates the tributary number.For a directional cell two digits follow the letters. The former and latter digits respectively indicate the cell number and tributary number.

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Feeder Nameplate

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1. Mount the feeder earthing clips at the following points:1) Within 1 m of the primary feeder after the feeder leaves the tower platform2) Within 1 m of the primary feeder before the feeder leaves the cabling rack3) Outside the feeder window entry4) Every 25~35 m when the tower is over 60 m high5) Every 30 m of the feeder at the building topOutdoor earthing cable 

Install Antenna and Feeder System – Outline of Antenna and Feeder System

* Install an antenna on a positionaccording to the design requirements

* Install the antenna in the protected area ofthe lightning rod (downward at a 45 angle allaround the peak of the lightning rod)

* Connect the antenna standand the tower securely

Grounded at the point within 1 moutside the platform

Fix a feeder grounding clip well to the nearby part of the towerLead the grounding cable of a feeder grounding clip from thetop down. The appropriate angle formed by the clip and the

feeder is not greater than 15Add a grounding clip to the middle of the

tower that is over 60 m high

Do not bend or kink a feeder and jumperNo copper sheet is exposed

Install the primary feeder and jumperproperly

The feeder connectors are standard,secure and waterproof

Arranges the feeders and jumpers neatly.Do not cross them.

*Nameplate of outdoor feeder

Grounded at the point within 1 m inside the

Add a grounding clip to the middle of thecabling rack that is over 1 m long

Grounded at the point within 1 moutside the feeder window

Keep the feeder window well sealed

Outdoor grounding cable

Feeder window

Outdoor lightning protection groundOutdoor grounding bar

Towerground

20 times of the minimum bendingof feeder pipes and jumpers

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Thanks！