2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups . (approx. lecture time: 1 hr )
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Transcript of 2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups . (approx. lecture time: 1 hr )
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2. FAMILIES OF CARBON COMPOUNDS. Functional Groups. (approx. lecture time: 1 hr)
Topics covered: 2.1-2.14.
This will be a quick survey and review of functional groups and their physical properties
Estradiol
alcohol
Phenol
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Functional Groups
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Recognizing Functional Groups
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This compound reverses and prevents symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Huntingdon’s diseases in animal models (Chem Eng News, 2011)
OCH3
OCH3
SN
O
O
N
S
H
O2N
N
"JM6"
Recognizing Functional Groups
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Naming Alkyl Fragments
CH3CHCH3 CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3CHCH2
CH3
isopropyl sec-butyl isobutyl
CH3CCH3
CH3
tert-butyl
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use of primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o) designations
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Amines and Amides
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Aldehydes and Ketones
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Simple Organic Compounds used in Medicine or Otherwise
Dichloroacetic acid (DCA): potentially useful for cancer treatment, especially brain cancers (trials ongoing).
Chloral Hydrate: hypnotic, sedative; used for insomnia.
Valproic Acid: established drug for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, depression.
Amantadine: Parkinson’s disease; fatigue in MS patients; once used for influenza.
Isoamyl Nitrite: vasodilator; treatment of angina; recreational drug.
Nitroglycerin: vasodilator; treatment of angina; explosive used in Dynamite.
Barbital: first marketed barbiturate (hypnotic; sedative).
CH3CH2OH Ethyl Alcohol: oldest recreational drug; at low doses causes euphoria.
Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB): treatment of narcolepsy; has now gained illicit use; similar to alcohol in effect.
H2C=CH2Ethylene:Plant hormone; controls ripening of fruits.
ClOH
ClOH
Cl
ClOH
ClO
ONO2O2NO
ONO2
HN NH
O O
O
HOOH
O
HO
O
NH2
ON O