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Explain how to implement green fleets Learn about incentives for converting
to biodiesel fleets Learn about the availability and cost of
biodiesel fuel Identify the advantages of using
biodiesel Understand how to safely handle
biodiesel
Objectives
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Why use green fleets? Reduce operating costs Reduce greenhouse gas
emissions Improve corporate image
Greening of Fleets
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How to Implement Green Fleets Get buy-in Create long-term objectives Avoid setting reduction goals in
absolute numbers Anticipate obstacles Move slowly Improve vehicle use Track and report progress
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Conventional diesel = refined petroleum Emissions/pollution concerns Dependence on foreign petroleum
supplies Biodiesel = fuel made from natural
products Domestically produced Similar to conventional diesel
Soy methyl ester diesel (SME)
Biodiesel Fleets
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Vegetable oil Soybean oil Canola oil Rapeseed oil Palm oil
Sunflower oil Peanut oil Recycled
cooking oil Beef tallow Algae*
Biodiesel Can Be Made From:
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Did You Know?
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Hundreds of U.S. fleets, representing more than 25,000 vehicles from commercial, government, utility, and transit use, currently run on biodiesel.
Source: Biodiesel.org.
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B20 = most common blend B5 and B2 also popular Heavy-duty vehicles:
Buses Farm equipment Military vehicles
Biodiesel Fleets
Figure 1: Biodiesel-fueled bucket truck. Source: AFDC.
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Biodiesel benefits: Betterment of health and
environment Efficiency of our economy Sustained strategic energy security Reduced dependence on foreign oil
Pure biodiesel is: Nontoxic Biodegradable Sulfur-free
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Incentives: Partnership initiatives and pooled
resources Financial subsidiaries Informational tools
Initial cost vs. federal and state incentives
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Clean Cities Program
Incentives for Using Biodiesel in Fleets
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Tax Incentives Internal Revenue Service tax
credit $1.00/gallon for agri-based biodiesel $0.50/gallon for recycled cooking oil
biodiesel
Tax credits/rebates vary by state
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Federal Grant Funding Federal government = largest
grant provider U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Department of Agriculture
Different Opportunities from each agency
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State Grant Funding State Energy Office National Association of State
Energy Officials directory Alternative Fuels Data Center
map Individualized fleet manager
resources
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Incentives for Biodiesel Production U.S. Department of Agriculture
Farm Service Agency
Biomass Crop Assistance Program: Payment matching for delivery of
material to processing Contracts with the Commodity Credit
Corporation
Feedstock Flexibility Program for Bioenergy Producers
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Federal incentives are available for producers of bioenergy feedstock.
To learn more, visit:www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws
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Biodiesel is global European Union produces large
amounts of biodiesel U.S. = more than 2,800
retailers 15 manufacturers, more than
17 models
Biodiesel Availability and Cost
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Figure 2: Biodiesel fueling stations by state. Source: AFDC.
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Slightly higher price 20% of biodiesel production
capacity vs. 90% conventional diesel production capacity
Reduced price gap
Figure 3: Diesel and biodiesel cost comparison. Source: AFDC.
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Biodiesel price depends upon: Cost-blend price availability Conventional diesel price Feedstock prices Weather conditions Processing Distribution Refining capacity Refining location
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Domestic production – renewable resources
Compatible with most diesel engines Fewer particulate matter/greenhouse gas
emissions No new fueling infrastructure needed Creation of jobs Rural development Biodegradable Nontoxic Safe to handle
Biodiesel Advantages
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Things to Consider Blends above B5 – warranties Lower fuel economy/power More expensive Higher nitrogen oxide emissions B100 not suitable in low
temperatures B100 vs. engine durability
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Similarity to ultralow-sulfur diesel: Fuel consumption Horsepower Torque Hauling capabilities
Little/no engine and infrastructure modifications
Increased lubricity
Biodiesel Performance and Safety
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Performance Fuel filter issues Cold weather:
Thickening Cloud point Pour point Different blends
Cold flow preparation
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Biodiesel Performance Summary
• Similar horsepower to diesel• Natural lubricant• Cleans engines• Faster ignition• Poor cold flow properties
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Safety Less combustible More biodegradable Higher flashpoint Diamond placards
Figure 4: NFPA 704 hazard placard for B100 biodiesel. Source: NFPA.
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Safety Possible combustion Biodiesel-soaked items Follow specific handling steps
Figure 5: Hazardous material UN 1993 placard for diesel. Source: USDOT, PHMSA.
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Biodiesel Safety Summary• Environmentally safe• Nontoxic and biodegradable• Flashpoint above conventional
diesel• NFPA rated minimal fire hazard• Spontaneous combustion risk
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1. True or False: The cost of biodiesel depends on the biodiesel blend. (Ex: B20 costs less than B100)
2. Biodiesel is produced from feedstocks such as soy bean oil and vegetable oil. New research also suggests that ____________ can be made into biodiesel.
3. True or False: The biggest obstacle for widespread biodiesel use in fleets, and other alternative fuels, is lack of infrastructure.
4. List one of the three reasons mentioned in the text as to why the U.S. should use biodiesel.
5. True or False: Fleet managers should expect to change fuel filters after the first tank of biodiesel runs through their vehicle.
Test Your Knowledge