2 Jungrungrueng.ppt [互換モード] · ‐Dengue fever : ‐Influenza : ... Raise Awareness...
Transcript of 2 Jungrungrueng.ppt [互換モード] · ‐Dengue fever : ‐Influenza : ... Raise Awareness...
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Low Carbon City Development in BangkokLow Carbon City Development in Bangkok
Mrs. Mrs. SuwannaSuwanna JungrungruengJungrungruengDirector of Air Quality and Noise Management DivisionDirector of Air Quality and Noise Management DivisionDepartment of EnvironmentDepartment of EnvironmentBangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)
Yokohama July Yokohama July 2626‐‐27 27 , , 20112011
ContentsContents
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1. Overview of Bangkok
2. Measures to Tackle Climate Change
3. Challenge for Low Carbon City Development
4. Awards of Great Pride
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Area 1,568.737 sq. km.
Districts 50 Districts
Population density
* Inner areas* Inner areas
* outer areas* outer areas
3,640 persons/sq. km. (2008)
15,270 persons/sq. km. (1978)11,400 persons/sq. km. (2008)770 persons/sq. km. (1978)2,400 persons/sq. km. (2008)
Registered Population ~ 5.7 million (2009)
Non Registered Registered Population ~4 million (2009)
Average Maximum Temp :Average Minimum Temp:
38.8 c˚ (2009)14.7 c˚ (2009)
Annual Rainfall:1,600 mm. (2009)1,482 mm.(2006)
Average Ground Level+0.50 to +1.50 m MSL(MSL: Mean Sea Level)
Quick FactsFacts About Bangkok
11. Overview of Bangkok . Overview of Bangkok
The vulnerability of the urban climate system of Bangkok will increase
• Temperature
The number of days exceeding 35 ºC is rising
• Rainfall
The average annual rainfall in BMA is 1,500 mm./ year but in 2009, increasing to 1,600 mm.
• Health
Increasing risk factors to health such as
‐ Dengue fever :
‐ Influenza :
‐ Influenza (H1N1 2009) :
• Sea level rise
The relative average sea level rise is about 1.3 cm/year. (March, 2009)‐ By 2050, the sea level should rise by 12.3 cm from 2009 to 2050
The Impacts of Climate Change in Bangkok
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1)1) Mitigation Policies and MeasuresMitigation Policies and Measures
2) The Bangkok Declaration
3) Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation
4)4) Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set GoalConcrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal
5) Local Cooperation
6) International Cooperation5
2. Measures to Tackle Climate Change
11) The Bangkok Declaration on the Cooperation of Alleviating ) The Bangkok Declaration on the Cooperation of Alleviating the Global Warmingthe Global Warming
36 Organizations jointly signed the Bangkok Declaration on the Cooperation of Alleviating the Global Warming
on 9 May 2007 at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok
11) Mitigation Policies and Measures) Mitigation Policies and Measures
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1. We will reduce energy uses and effectively use resources for production and consumption to make least impact to global warming.
2. We will together support the role of youths, communities, businesses, government units and individuals to coordinately reduce greenhouse gases emission.
3. We will together support the way of life based on the sufficient economy to prevent prepare and adapt to global warming.
4. We will together participate, support and promote carbon sequestration through tree plantation extensively and sustainably.
5. We will continuously support the global warming reduction and prevention activities by disseminating knowledge and information, to encourage practical action in everyday living.
22) The Bangkok Declaration) The Bangkok Declaration
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From Bangkok Declaration to the 5‐Year Action Plan for Global Warming Alleviation (2007 – 2012)
Public Consultation Process
Expert consultations
Resident consultations on BMA’s website, seminars and survey in 5,750 people 8
13.751614.86Electricity
(‐0.61)Biofuels Energy (reduced GHG)
19.7725.3021.18Transportation
Future GHG Emission Under BMA Action Plan Implementation *
Future GHG Emission Under BAU Scenario *
Current GHG Emission *
Sector
Year 2012Year 2007
6.366.365.58Others (estimate 15% of total GHG emission from other sectors)
(‐0.28)Waste Recycle (reduced GHG)
0.951.131.13Waste / Wastewater
38.9448.6942.65Total
(‐1.00)(‐0.10)(‐0.10)Green Area (reduced GHG)
Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Under Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission ConditionUnder Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission Condition
* (CO2 equivalent – million tons)
3) Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation (2007 – 2012) : The 5 Initiatives
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* (CO2 equivalent – million tons)
GHG emissions 7.1 tons CO2 equivalent / capita /year under business as usual (BAU)
GHG emissions in future 5.5 tons CO2 equivalent /capita /year under the implementation of activities in 5‐year Action Plan
Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Comparison of GHG Emission in the Future Under Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission ConditionUnder Different Scenarios Against Current GHG Emission Condition
3) Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation (2007 – 2012) : The 5 Initiatives
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Targets for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Target : Target : By By 20122012Ultimate Goal: Ultimate Goal: 1515% reduction of GHGs emission% reduction of GHGs emission through the implementation of activities under the through the implementation of activities under the preceding preceding 5 5 initiativesinitiatives
11. Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems. Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems
22. Promotion the use of Renewable Energy. Promotion the use of Renewable Energy
33. Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency. Improve Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency
44. Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater . Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater Treatment EfficiencyTreatment Efficiency
55. Expand Park Areas. Expand Park Areas
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Steering CommitteeSteering CommitteeForFor
Action Plan on Global WarmingAction Plan on Global WarmingMitigation Mitigation 2007 2007 ‐‐ 20122012
Working Group forWorking Group forEnergy ConservationEnergy Conservationand Building Retrofitand Building Retrofit
Working GroupWorking GroupForFor
Promotion of RenewablePromotion of RenewableEnergyEnergy
Working GroupWorking GroupForFor
Improvement of Improvement of Transportation SystemTransportation System
Working Group for Expansion ofWorking Group for Expansion ofGreen AreasGreen Areas
Working Group for Solid WasteWorking Group for Solid Wasteand Wastewater Managementand Wastewater Management
Structure of Global Warming CommitteeStructure of Global Warming Committee
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Expand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic SystemsExpand Mass Transit and Improve Traffic Systems
Expand the Mass Transit Rail System within the Bangkok Metropolitan Area ; reduction CO2 emitted 2.4 million ton
Improve Public Bus System ; reduction CO2 emitted 1.43 million ton
Implement a Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) (BRT 15 km , 12 stations) Support improvements to the existing Public Bus System
Improve Traffic System; reduction CO2 emitted 1.7 million ton
Improve the road network
Target COTarget CO22 Emission Reduction Emission Reduction 55..53 53 Million Tons in Million Tons in 20122012
Support the implementation of mass transitrail systems in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area(BTS 23 km. Extended 7 stations, 33.5 km.)
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• Promote the use of gasohol in BMA organization (since 2008)‐ using gasohol (E10) in BMA vehicles
• Promote the use of gasohol for Bangkok residents (since 2005)‐ gasohol E10 E20 and E85 as alternative fuel
Promote the Use of Bio‐Diesel ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.34 million ton
Promotion the use of Renewable EnergyPromotion the use of Renewable Energy
Promote the Use of Biofuels
Promote the Use of Gasohol ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.27 million ton
• The project of Biodiesel for Thai Society under Sufficiency Economy (since 2007)‐ collaborating with BPC
• Project of biodiesel production from used cooking oil (small scale) (since 2010) ‐ Capacity 100 l/batch producing biodiesel by BMA
• Encourage the use of biodiesel (B5) in BMA organization (since 2008) ‐ BMA vehicles
• Promote the use of biodiesel for Bangkok residents ‐ Enforcement B2 in 2008 and B3 in 2010‐ B5 as alternative fuel
Target COTarget CO22 Emission Reduction Emission Reduction 00..61 61 Million Tons in Million Tons in 20122012
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Improve Building Electricity Consumption EfficiencyImprove Building Electricity Consumption Efficiency
Improve Building Energy Consumption Efficiency
Electricity Conservation Campaign for Bangkokians
Energy Eciency in all BMA buildings ; reduction CO2emitted 0.01 million ton Promote and support the implementation of Energy Conservation Scheme in PrivatelyOwned Buildings ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.42 million ton
Campaign for efficient use of electrical appliances ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.7 million ton
Campaign for reduced use of air conditioning systems ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.41 million ton
Support energy efficiency labeling of, and proper maintenance ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.44 million ton
Scheme for, electrical appliances promote the Use of energy‐saving appliances ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.14 million ton
Promote the use of energy‐saving light bulbs ; reduction CO2emitted 0.13 million ton
Target COTarget CO22 Emission Reduction Emission Reduction 22..25 25 Million Tons in Million Tons in 20122012
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Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater Improve Solid Waste Management and Wastewater Treatment EfficiencyTreatment Efficiency
Increase Efficiency in Solid Waste Management
Improve efficiency in organic waste management ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.1 million tons
Support solid wastes reuse and recycling ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.28 million tons
Increase Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment
Target COTarget CO22 emission reduction emission reduction 11..0 0 Million Ton in Million Ton in 20122012
Increase wastewater treatment capacity ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.05 million tons
Reduce household wastewater ; reduction CO2 emitted 0.03 million tons
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Expand Park AreasExpand Park Areas
Plant Trees in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area
Plant Trees in the Neighboring Province Areas
Plant trees in the area under the jurisdiction of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration ; absorption CO2 0.14 million tons
Campaign and Support tree planting on private land in Bangkok ; absorption CO2 0.32 million tons
Plant trees in neighboring province areas ; absorption CO2 0.54 million tons
Target COTarget CO22 Absorption Absorption 11..0 0 Million Ton in Million Ton in 20122012
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Launch of campaigns:
Stop! Warming up Bangkok City
using of energy saving bulbs
stop idling vehicles
tree planting
using cloth bags
waste reduction
Renewable energy
building retrofit program
Earth Hour
Solar water heater system and solar cell system in BMA’s schools
Ride to Work, and etc.
Launch of campaigns:
Stop! Warming up Bangkok City
using of energy saving bulbs
stop idling vehicles
tree planting
using cloth bags
waste reduction
Renewable energy
building retrofit program
Earth Hour
Solar water heater system and solar cell system in BMA’s schools
Ride to Work, and etc.
44) Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal:) Concrete Actions to Achieve the Set Goal:
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5) Local Cooperation
11) Ministry of Energy) Ministry of Energy
Awareness raising on energy conservation for school children 435 schools.
Anaerobic digestion system for organic waste at schools 80 schools will extend more 84 schools in 2012
Signed a MOU on Signed a MOU on 19 19 th July th July 2011 2011 for encouraging energy for encouraging energy conservation and renewable energy developmentconservation and renewable energy development
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22) The Federation of Thai Industries) The Federation of Thai Industries
Waste recycling system in universities
Drop Off Station in department stores and convenient stores
Formalization of scavenger (Saleng) groups
Recycling handicrafts competition and marketing
Collection recyclable waste in village
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5) Local Cooperation
44) The Bangchak Petroleum Public Co.Ltd.) The Bangchak Petroleum Public Co.Ltd.
Cooperation for biodiesel production from used cooking oilCooperation for biodiesel production from used cooking oil
33) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand) Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
Signed a memorandum of cooperation to reduce global warming by promoting Signed a memorandum of cooperation to reduce global warming by promoting the use of thin tube number the use of thin tube number 5 5 (T(T55) size ) size 28 28 WW
Support Support 1010,,000 000 energy saving bulbs for replacing in BMA’s fresh marketsenergy saving bulbs for replacing in BMA’s fresh markets
Targeting replacing Targeting replacing 1313,,000 000 saving bulbs in saving bulbs in 2 2 BMA’s hospitalsBMA’s hospitals
Collected used cooking oil from residents , BMA Collected used cooking oil from residents , BMA schools and other targets such as department schools and other targets such as department store supermarket Saleng and Queen Sirikit store supermarket Saleng and Queen Sirikit National Convension Center to produce BiodieselNational Convension Center to produce Biodiesel
•• ~ ~ 206 206 tons during tons during 2007 2007 –– May May 20112011.. 21
5) Local Cooperation
55) The Energy Senate Committee) The Energy Senate Committee
BMA cooperated with the Energy Senate Committee organizing a training program for 870 BMA’s teachers and students on Energy Conservation in 2010
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Organized the contest of the diary the schools sending the diarys for contest are 365 from the total of 409 schools
5) Local Cooperation
Disseminated the Energy Conservation Manual to national level.
Projects and Activities in Reducing Waste
Campaign of using cloth bags instead Campaign of using cloth bags instead of plastic bagsof plastic bags
Launching the project “No Bag, No Baht”Launching the project “No Bag, No Baht”: : 12 12 million plastic bags in million plastic bags in 20102010..
6) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
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Singed MOU “ Promote Green Purchasing”
5) Local Cooperation
77) Metropolitan Electric Authority ) Metropolitan Electric Authority
Signing MOU with Metropolitan Electric Authority to implement an Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Program on 14th September 2010 Plan to install Building Energy Management System (BEM) as a computer management center at district office
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5) Local Cooperation
88) Private Partnership) Private Partnership
Supporting in tree planting
Waste separation
Publication Guideline to reduce global warming
Organizing a seminar on Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Program. The target group are high building sector and business sectors
5) Local Cooperation
99) Raise Awareness Through Media Partnership) Raise Awareness Through Media Partnership
Publication of “50 designs for home decoration to combat global warming”
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1) World Bank
City Development Strategy and Municipal Capacity Building
Sectoral Strategy Implementation; i.e. SWM, Climate Change Impact and Adaptation of Coastal Cities.
Support preliminary audit and assistance in the preparation of a feasibility study of Energy Efficiency Project
Technical support to prepare feasibility related to BRT
Global Environmental Facility (GEF) : support to prepare “Low Carbon Urban Management for Bangkok”: 1) Energy‐efficient Urban Transport for Bangkok
2) Bangkok Building Energy Efficiency Program
6) International Cooperation
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2) JICA Capacity Building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Implementation
in Bangkok will finish in 2011
Production of BMA Global Warming Handbook
The project for Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in the Kingdom of Thailand
‐ Enhancement of knowledge and expertise of TGO and BMA staff on GHG mitigation
‐ Developing Project Idea Note (PIN) Project Design Document (PDD) for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) :
1) Biogas generation from food waste at schools (PDD)
2) Natural gas vehicles (PIN Project)
3) Biodiesel from cooking oil of BMA forklift (PIN Project)
Propose the technical support on the Mitigation and Adaptation Master Plan of Bangkok and under the approval.
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6) International Cooperation
3) UNEP
Awareness Building and Monitoring by producing the handbooks
‐ Bangkok Assessment Report on Climate Change 2009
‐ Guideline to reduce global warming for youths, office and family
Awareness Pilot Demonstration; Building Retrofit
Bangkok towards environmental capital of ASEAN
Sustainable Social Housing Initiative (SUSHI)
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6) International Cooperation
44) C) C40 40 and Clinton Climate Initiativesand Clinton Climate Initiatives
Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Program
Jointly held seminar , targeting private sectors (Feb 9 2008)
‐ 35 private building projects have already implemented and can reduce 30% of energy consumption.
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6) International Cooperation
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6)6) Establishment of Urban Green Development Establishment of Urban Green Development Institute Institute
55) Agence Française de Développement) Agence Française de Développement ((AFD) AFD)
BMA‐AFD partnership on climate change
BMA‐AFD signed MOU on their cooperation on climate change on 14 Dec 2009 at BMA’s city hall.
To support the technical assistance on the promotion of alternative energy and best practices on sustainable urban environment and to raise the public awareness of climate change mitigation
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6) International Cooperation
To move the urban development under the concept on Environmental Conservation and Quality of Life
By using the knowledge and experience of Bangkok to support the Green Urban Management
77) WWF) WWF
Earth hour ; Launch switching‐off light every year on March to raise awareness on climate change .
Earth hour road show.
Parade campaign on 4 commercial roads Silom, Siam, Kao San road and Yowaraj.
‐ Central World in 2008 saved 73.34 megawatts.
‐ Kao San road in 2009 saved 1,423 megawatts.
‐ In 2010 saved 1,620 megawatts.
Bringing the world together to fight Climate Change
6) International Cooperation
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88) ASEAN + ) ASEAN + 6 6 City Forum on Climate Change on City Forum on Climate Change on 2525‐‐27 27 June June 20082008
Participating Cities : Albay, Beijing, Delhi, Fukuoka, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Luang Prabang, Phnom Penh, including to sister cities Jakarta and Vientiane
Bangkok Declaration for ASEAN+6 City Forum on Climate Change
99) Cool ASEAN, Green Capitals Initiative) Cool ASEAN, Green Capitals Initiative on on 2 2 –– 3 3 November November 20092009
Participating Cities : Bangkok, Manila, Vientiane, and Jakarta.
Implemented signing date of the Founding Declaration of the Cool ASEAN, Green Capitals in March 2010.
6) International Cooperation
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Extend the Mass Transit Network
Initiative Monorail/Light Rail System
Set New Street Privileges
Extensive Canal Transport
Bicycle Network Development
Create Public Participation Network
1. Transportation
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Promote 60% mass transit ridership
2. Renewable energy And Energy EfficiencyReduce energy consumption and enhance potential to utilize renewable energy of BMA organization .
Enhance the role of youths, communities, businesses, government units and individuals to coordinately reduce greenhouse gases emission.
Promote the global warming reduction and prevention activities by disseminating knowledge and information, to encourage practical action in everyday living.
Encourage and utilize technology to conserve energy in the building and capability to operate the energy efficiency
3. Challenge for Low Carbon City Development
3. Solid Waste
Waste Collection1. Improve the efficiency of waste collection services. 2. Improve collection routes by using GPS (Global Positioning
System) 3. Initiate guideline and applied in each step of work and published to people
Waste Disposal1. Integrated solid waste disposal management 2.Waste to Energy project (BOOT Scheme).3. Upgrading sanitary landfills to meet international standards, applying for
CDM (Landfill Gas to Energy).
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3. Challenge for Low Carbon City Development
• Future BMA Wastewater Treatment ProjectThe capacity of all those five Wastewater Treatment Project is 773,00 m3/day1. Bang Sue Wastewater Treatment Plant 2. Thonburi Wastewater Treatment Plant3. Minburi Waste Treatment Plant4 .Nongbon Waste Treatment Plant5. Klong Toei Wastewater Treatment Plant
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4. Wastewater
3. Challenge for Low Carbon City Development
Future projects to expand green areas in Bangkok increase green areas by establishing new 5 large parks and 5 mini parks with total areas of 373,118 m2
Monitoring to promote green area
Enhance roof‐gardens
5. Green area
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3. Challenge for Low Carbon City Development
ASEAN ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE CITY AWARD
Energy Awards Climate Change CertificateThailand Energy Award 2010 :
Excellence Awards for Energy Conservation and renewable Energy Promoter
44. Awards of Great Pride. Awards of Great Pride
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR …ATTENTION……ATTENTION…
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http://office.bangkok.go.th/environment