2 axis Laser Engraver
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Transcript of 2 axis Laser Engraver
Zeus Laser Engraver
Travis Helling & Viraj PadteECE561 Embedded Systems Design12/13/2015
Content• Introduction• Execution Timeline• Hardware
▫ Frame Assembly▫ Laser Module▫ Control box
• Software▫ Numerical Control and G-codes▫ GRBL firmware▫ Image to Gcode▫ Gcode sender GUI
• Project Cost Analysis• Testing and Verification• Future Work• Conclusion• References
IntroductionThe main goal of this project was to design, build, and operate a CNC laser engraver. This embedded system required a great deal of electrical, mechanical, and software engineering to successfully transfer a digital image onto a wooden media.
2015
Today
Sep Oct Nov Dec
System design9/9/2015
Driving the motors10/15/2015
Building the frame10/30/2015
Mid sem report10/31/2015
Gcode testing on the frame10/31/2015
Drawing a line10/31/2015
Drawing simple shapes11/3/2015
Building the control box11/22/2015
Burning shapes using Boolean type laser triggering 11/30/2015
Gcode to raster using inkscape12/1/2015
Modifying the open source implementation of GrblController 12/5/2015
Ordering parts9/18/2015
Driving the laser10/12/2015
Drawing the curves11/5/2015
Developing a zenity based interface for the inkscape plugin
12/7/2015
9/5/2015 9/18/2015Design
9/19/2015 10/31/2015Development Phase - I
10/27/2015Testing Phase - I
10/31/2015
10/31/2015Development Phase - II
11/15/2015
11/16/2015Testing Phase - II
11/23/2015
11/22/2015Development Phase - III
12/7/2015
Execution Timeline
HardwareFrame AssemblyLaser ModuleControl Box
Hardware: Frame AssemblyExtrude aluminum V-channel rails
▫ 20x40x500mm▫ Built is a standard square formation with
4 stand-off for ground clearance▫ Corner brackets to connect rails together▫ Y-axis moves along the X-axes ▫ Laser module is attached and moves
leaner along the Y-axis▫ Aluminum material allows for the system
to be light
Hardware: Frame AssemblyMotor mounts• 1/8” aluminum plate• Machine mill for precise holes
Vexta stepping motors• Model: C562-9212• 2-phase• 1.8o /step • 4V 1.1A• 0.06mm resolution • Initial motor test video
Axel assembly• 3 wheels in triangle
configuration• 2 wheels on top, 1 on the bottomTiming belt and pulley• There is a GT2 timing pulley on the
axel of the stepper motor• The pitch of the pulley and belt is
2mm
Hardware: Laser Module• Laser driver: Current limited to 1.8amps for laser
protection• Laser toggle circuit: toggle circuit is build with an
ECG291 NPN general purpose medium power BJT• Arduino input signal circuit: Arduino output/input
is 5v at 20-40mA. Using a LM317t voltage regulator to limit the current to 30mA.
• M140 Laser Diode
Initial laser test video(Each circuit has a heat sink for added heat dissipation.)
Hardware: Control Box
Arduino Uno
Synthetos gShield V5
2 x DROK LM2596 DC buck converter
Raspberry Pi 2 B+
SoftwareNumerical Control and G-codes GRBL firmwareImage to Gcode Gcode sender GUI
Hardware: Numerical Control and G-codes
• Numerical control is a method of automatically operating a manufacturing machine based on a code of letters, numbers, and special characters.
• G-code programming originally referred to as the “Word Address” programming format is a popular standard using for sending commands to a CNC machine.
Software: GRBL firmware• GRBL is an open source firmware
used with Arduino platform for implementing gcode interpreter.
• Implementation requires configuration based on mechanical parameters
• A configuration modification was done to range the Spindle ( SXXX) values between 0 and 255 so as to used them for PWM generation
Software: Image to Gcode• Core process on
Inkscape
• Zenity based GUI wrapper for access plugin functionality easily.
Software: Gcode Sender GUI• Simple serial port
application
• Sends g-code one command at a time on the serial port.
• Implemented using open source adaption of the GrblController project.
• Source modified for implementing machine to workspace translation.
Testing and VerificationMiscellaneous testing
Laser heating problemsSmoke handling at the
point of burnTesting for different
types wood
Safety systems testingKill switch with current
protection fuse incorporated in the control box
Testing Phase - ITesting motor driversTesting laser driversManual G-code commands
to GRBL
Testing Phase - IIX and Y positional
accuracy and repeatability Calculation and calibration
of the machine to work space mapping parameter.
Cost Analysis
29%
43%
18%
11%
Total Expenditure = $788.56
Mechanical construction ElectronicsMotors Others hardware components
Future Work•Hardware
▫Limit switches▫Air handling system▫Laser protective case▫Modular head assembly (milling & 3D
printing)▫Live video feed
•Software▫More efficient algorithm for faster
engraving▫User friendly GUI▫Material selection feature▫Remote access capabilities
ConclusionThe goal of this project was to design, build, and operate a CNC laser engraver system. In the end the system was successful in engraver images and photographs into a wooden media. Through this project we learned planning, testing, and team work. A lot of aspects of embedded design were explored while building this complex electro-mechanical project.