2 1 Building field-dd
Transcript of 2 1 Building field-dd
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
1/75
ONSTRU TIONTE HNOLOGY
CEM 571
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
2/75
CHAPTER 2
STAGES FOR CONSTRUCTION
1. Building
2. Retaining walls, Drainage
3. Road, Highway, Bridges
4. Airports, Offshore/Marine structure
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
3/75
BUILDING
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
4/75
At the end of lectures, student will be able to :
- Identify setting out works involve in building
construction, i.e., site clearing, setting out and
establish the building datum level. (CO1:PO2)
- identify the accommodations, storage and security
requirements during the building construction
stage. (CO1:PO2)- describe the detail building stages involved during
the building construction process. (CO1:PO2)
LESSON OUT OME
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
5/75
BUILDINGAny man-made structure used or intended for
supporting or sheltering any use or
continuous occupancy.
1. Site works and setting out
2. Accommodation, storage and security
3. Detail building stages
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
6/75
CONSTRUCTION SITE
A building or construction site can be considered as a
temporary factory employing the necessary resources
to successfully fulfill a contract.
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
7/75
1. SITE WORKS AND SETTING
OUT
Contractors responsibility after beinggiven possession and site layout planand detail drawings necessary
Commencing tasks:-a. Clearing the site
b. Setting out the building
c. Establishing a datum level
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
8/75
Construction documents
ARCHITECTDRAWING
ENGINEERSDRAWING
SCHEDULES/PLANNING
SPECIFICATIONBILL OF
QUANTITIESCONTRACTDOCUMENT
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
9/75
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
SITE INVESTIGATION
SETTING OUT AND TEMPORARY WORKS
TEMPORARY WORKS (ACCOMMODATION,
STORAGE AND SECURITY)
DETAIL CONSTRUCTION STAGES
HANDOVER
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
10/75
SITE INVESTIGATION
Soil investigation include the following:-
a) Land surveying
Boundaries determination and set up
Establishing a datum level (TBM)
b) Assessment and testing
Sampling of media such as soil, water or air.
c) Availability of materials and basic supply Construction materials
Available road and drainage systems
Electrical and water supply
Environments
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
11/75
Clearing the Site
May involve:-
Demolition of existing buildings (by experiencedcontractor)
Grubbing out bushes and trees (by manual ormechanical means, or by specialist for the large trees)
Removal of soil to reduce levels following to BuildingRegulation C1 (sterilize the top 300 mm to contain plantlife and decaying vegetation)
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
12/75
Topography of the site andsome common material on
site
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
13/75
Removal of tree trunks
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
14/75
Grubbing of trees, shrubs and roots
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
15/75
Site clearing work carried out
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
16/75
Excavator heaping up top soil
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
17/75
Earthwork operation
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
18/75
Setting Out the Site
1. Establish a base line from which the whole of thebuilding can be set out.
Marked on site clearly so that it can be re-established at
any time Using steel tape (30 meters and not stretchable is more
suitable)
Marked each corner with a stout peg
Check on the right angle and correct lengths (advisableusing different method)
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
19/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
20/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
21/75
Setting out
& settingboundary
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
22/75
a) SITE BOUNDARYThe surveyor must to determine the site boundary of the
construction area to avoid trespass to the anotherconstruction area.
The boundary had determine
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
23/75
Land surveyor
determine the
OGL
b LEVELINGThe land surveyor will
determine the original ground
level for the land and mark a
survey peg for drain, pipes,cables and main sewerage
treatment plant (MSTP), also
the road complying with theJabatan Pengairan dan Saliran
(JPS).
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
24/75
Setting Out the Site
2. Set up profile board-after the main buildinglines
Should set up clear of the foundations trench
positions to locate the trench, foundations andwalls
Required at all trench and wall intersections
2.0
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
25/75
Typical profile board
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
26/75
Establishing a Datum Level
All levels in a building are taken from a fixedpoint called a datum
Should establish after the setting out and
related to ordnance benchmark
An arrow with a horizontal mark above thearrow
The centerline of the horizontal being theactual level indicated on an ordnance surveymaps
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
27/75
Principles of levelling
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
28/75
Rise and fall method:
Staff reading at A = 2.500 m
Staff reading at B = 0.750 m
Ground level at A = 100 m above ordinance datum(AOD)
Level at B = 100 m + rise ( fall if declining)
Level at B = 100 m + (2.500 0.750) = 101.750 m.
Alternative height of collimation (HC) method:
HC at A = Reduced level (RL) + staff reading = 100 m + 2.500 = 102.500 (AOD)
Level at B = HC at A staff reading at B
= 102.500 0.750 = 101.750 m
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
29/75
Sloping Sites
Three methods in reducing levels:-
1. Cut and Fill- usual method, the amountof cut will equal the amount of fill
2. Cut Advantages of havingundisturbed soil over the site, buthaving disadvantages of cost ofremoving the spoil from the site
3. Fill Not to be recommended, deepfoundation would be needed, the riskof settlement and the amount of fillshould be limited to 600 mm
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
30/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
31/75
Accommodation,
Storage and
Security
SITE OFFICE
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
32/75
SITE OFFICE
HOARDING
PROJECT SIGNBOARD
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
33/75
Accommodation
Regulations 1996 (Health, safety andwelfare)
Requirements defers due to numbers of siteworkers and duration of contract
Staff accommodations usually:-
semi-portable units
mobile caravans or cabins
Facilities provided:-
First aid, stretcher ambulance, first aidroom, shelter and clothing, meals room,washing facilities and sanitary facilities
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
34/75
Semi-portable Units
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
35/75
Mobile Caravans OrCabins
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
36/75
Storage
Type of storage depend on:- Durability
Vulnerability to damage
Vulnerability to theft
Examples..
Cement and plaster (in bag form)dry store free from
moist air
Aggregates and sand clean firm base, separate
different materials and grade, watch on moisture content
Bricks and blocks stacked in stable piles, covered
adequately
S it d P t ti
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
37/75
Security and Protection-
fencing
To defines limit of site and acts as adeterrent to trespasser or thief
To provide a physical barrier or visual barrier
Should start at the beginning ofconstruction
Type depend on degree of security, cost,neighborhood and duration of contract
At least 1.8m high Minimum number of access and with
lockable barrier
Standard fencesBS 1722
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
38/75
Protection fencing
Typical fencing details
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
39/75
Typical fencing details
Cleft chestnut pale fencing
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
40/75
Chain link fence with concrete
posts2
Cl b d d f ith
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
41/75
Close boarded fence with
concrete post
Security and Protection
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
42/75
Security and Protection-
fencing- Hoardings
Close boarded fences of barriers erectedadjacent to a highway or public footpath
Prevent unauthorized persons obtainingaccess to site and protect publicfrom dustand noise
Necessary to obtain written permissionfromthe local authority to erect a hoarding(Highways Act 1980)
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
43/75
Hoardings
Two forms:-
Vertical hoardings
a series of closed boarded panels securely fixed to
resist wind load and accidental impact loadCan be free standing or fixed by stays by the external
walls of an existing building
Fan hoardings
To protect persons from falling objects
Place at a level above the normal traffic height andensure any falling debris is directed back towards thebuilding or scaffold
T i l f t di g
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
44/75
Typical free standing
vertical hoarding1
Typical fan hoarding
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
45/75
Typical fan hoarding
2
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
46/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
47/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
48/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
49/75
Trench excavation
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
50/75
FOUNDATIONS
Foundation is the base on which a building rests and itspurpose is to safely transfer the load of a building tosuitable subsoil
Building regulations :-
Safely sustain and submit to the ground the combineddead and imposed loads so as not to imposed anysettlement or other movement in any part of the buildingor of any adjoining buildings or works
Be a such a depth, or be so constructed, as to avoid anydamage by swelling, shrinkage or freezing of the subsoil
Be capable of resisting attack by deleterious material, such assulphates, in the subsoil
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
51/75
Foundation
Shallow foundationstransfer loads to subsoil at apoint near to the ground floor of the buildingpadfooting, strip, rafts , combinations..
Deep foundationstransfer the loads to a subsoilsome distance below the ground floor of thebuilding..pile foundations
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
52/75
CONSTRUCTION
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
53/75
CONSTRUCTIONFOUNDATION
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
54/75
BEAM
A beam is a structural element that is capable ofwithstanding load primarily by resisting bending. Thebending force induced into the material of the beam asa result of the external load, own weight and external
reactions to these loads is called a bending moment(wikipedia).
Beam can be:
Suspended beamsimply @ fixed support.
Non suspended..cantiliver @ on ground.
Method of construction depends on type of materialsused.
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
55/75
BEAM.
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
56/75
SLAB
A broad flat square or rectangular piece of wood, stone orother solid material used to construct buildings, pavements,patios, paths in horizontal plane
Can be suspended or non suspended
Method of construction depends on type of materials used
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
57/75
SLAB
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
58/75
COLUMN
A column in structural engineering is a verticalstructural element that transmits, throughcompression, the weight of the structureabove to other structural elements below. For
the purpose of wind or earthquakeengineering, columns may be designed toresist lateral forces
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
59/75
COLUMN
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
60/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
61/75
WALL
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
62/75
BRICKWORK
ROOF
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
63/75
ROOF
A roof is the covering on the uppermost partof a building. A roof protects the buildingand its contents from the effects of weather.Structures that require roofs range from aletter box to a cathedral or stadium,dwellings being the most numerous .
The elements in the design of a roof are :-
the material
the construction
the durability
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
64/75
ROOF CONSTRUCTION.
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
65/75
Types of roof
Flat Roofs
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
66/75
Types of roof Sloping Roofs
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
67/75
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
68/75
Types of roof
Salt Box
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
69/75
Types of roof
Gambrel Roof
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
70/75
Types of roof
Mansard Roof
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
71/75
Types of roof Pyramid Roof
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
72/75
Types of roof
Hip Roof
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
73/75
END OF LECTURE
ANYQUESTIONS
..
CAN YOU IDENTIFY AND
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
74/75
CAN YOU IDENTIFY AND
BRIEFLY EXPLAIN.
the setting out works involve in building construction, i.e., siteclearing, setting out and establish the building datum level.(CO1)
the accommodations, storage and security requirements
during the building construction stage. (CO1) describe the detail building stages involved during the
building construction process. (CO1)
-
8/13/2019 2 1 Building field-dd
75/75
END..
THANK
YOU