1. This cartoon by Benjamin Franklin appeared in several versions during the American Revolution. (a) What do the segments of the snake represent? (b) How do you know?

(a) The 13 Colonies (b) Each segment is labeled with the initial of a state or states

2. What is the message of the cartoon?

-the colonies must unite to survive

3. What makes this an effective cartoon?

-the imagery is easy to understand, but makes a powerful impression

Discovery Channel Clip

1. What is Paul Revere holding?

2. Find the three (3) engraving tools on the table. Why do you think Copley included these tools and the teapot in this portrait?

3. How has Copley drawn our attention to Revere’s face?

4. Why did he emphasize the eye?

5. By placing Revere’s hand under his chin, what does Copley suggest about Revere’s personality?

6. What might the combination of these three things tell us about Paul Revere as an artist: the pot he made and prominently holds, the thoughtful gesture on the hand on chin, and the emphasis on the right eye?

7. Paul Revere was a craftsman in a busy studio. How has Copley idealized the setting for this portrait?

8. Some writers on art see a connection between Copley’s portrait of Revere and the symbol on the dollar bill. Compare Revere’s portrait with the eye on the back of the dollar bill. How are they alike?

History of US – American Revolution

John Singleton Copley, Paul Revere, 1768

(American Romanticism)

1. Where is Captain Preston, the British commander? What is he doing?

2. Where are the troops? What are they doing?

3. Describe the crowd—its size, composition, and location. What is the crowd doing?

4. What time of day is it?

5. Revere changed the sign on the building to read “Butcher's Hall” instead of Customs House. What effect might this alteration have had on viewers?

6. Although he probably knew eyewitnesses, Revere was probably not present at the Boston Massacre. How did Revere depict the Boston Massacre?

7. How do you think Revere intended his viewers to understand the event?

8. What does engraving say about Boston's patriot leadership and the revolutionary leadership in general?

Too Late to Apologize

APUSH1. Answer A, B, & C.

a.) Briefly explain ONE example of how contact between Native Americans and European brought changes to Native American societies in the period 1492 to 1700.

b.) Briefly explain a SECOND example of how contact between Native Americans and European brought changes to Native American societies in the same period.

c.) Briefly explain ONE example of how Native American societies resisted change brought by contact with Europeans in the same period.

Grant Wood, The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere, 1931

1. List five (5) different objects you see in the painting.

2. How do we know Revere was on a urgent mission?

3. What light in this painting seems unnatural for an 18th century village?

4. What does Wood imply about this scene by painting it from this angle?

History of US – Declaration of Independence

Jefferson & Declaration Jefferson Mini - Bio

1. How does Leutze emphasize Washington & the American flag?

2. What bright color did Leutze include?

3. How does Leutze create an illusion of great distance in this painting?

4. Describe the weather conditions? Why did Washington want to cross the Delaware in this weather?

5. Why do you think Leutze shows a smaller boat in this painting?

Washington Crossing the Delaware, 1851, Emanuel Leutze

Yorktown

#5

Washington = Mini Bio

George Washington by Gilbert Stuart (Lansdowne Portrait), 1796

1. Describe Washington’s facial features, hairstyle & clothes.

2. How old do you think Washington appears in this painting? Why?

3. Gilbert Stuart wanted to reflect his sitters’ inner character through their faces & outward appearance. From this portrait how would you describe Washington’s inner character?

4. How does Washington’s appearance reflect how he wanted people to see him?

5. Why did Stuart make copies of this painting? Why did so many people want portraits of George Washington?

History of US – George Washington

Benjamin Franklin by Hiram Powers, 1862

1. Describe Franklin’s hair, hat, vest & shoes.

2. Even though Powers lived later than Franklin, he created a realistic portrait of him. How did Powers learn about Franklin’s clothes & face.

3. Why did Powers include the treat stump in the statue?

4. Why did the United States government want a statue of Franklin in the U.S. capital?

5. 19th century sculptors often depicted leaders in classical Greek or Roman robes, reminding viewers that American government had its roots in ancient Greece. Powers was criticized for showing Franklin in contemporary clothing. Why did Powers chose to show Franklin in mid-18th century clothing rather than a Roman toga?

Ben Franklin

1. This engraving shows the celebration of New York’s ratification of the Constitution. (a) What does the ship represent? (b) How do you know? (c) In this engraving, who is identified with the success of the ratification? (d) How do you know?

2. Was the cartoonist a Federalist or an Antifederalist? Explain your answer.

ClipAlexander Hamilton

What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation create?

What were the effects of Shays’ Rebellion?

A weak nat’l gov’t with most powers going to the states; it supported Federalists’ claim that the nat’l gov’t must be strenghtened

George Washington Video

• 1. This cartoon appeared during Bill Clinton’s presidential administration. Clinton is the figure on the left. (a) What does the figure on the right represent?

• 2. Note the scene. (a) What activity are the two figures engaged in? (b) What happens if one figure lets go of the rope he is holding?

3. What comment does this cartoon make on the separation of powers and federal system of checks and balances?

Madison Mini Bio

What were the arguments for and against ratifying the Constitution?

-For: It created a strong central gov’t but reserved powers for the states & created a system of checks & balances for the central gov’t

-Against: strong central gov’t might increase taxes; citizens’ rights/freedoms were not protected enough

Clip: Alien & Sedition ActsJohn Adams: Political Life

Why was the Whiskey Rebellion a significant event in the early days of the new government?

-it consolidated federal power in domestic affairs

XYZ Affair

Summarize the views of Federalists & Jeffersonian Republicans in the 1790s.

-Federalists believed in a strong central gov’t to maintain order in the country. Jeffersonian Republicans favored a weaker central gov’t & stronger state gov’ts as well as protection of individual rights & freedoms.

Jefferson Clip

How was Alexander Hamilton able to change the national debt weakness to a strength?

-Hamilton transformed the debts of all the states into a long-term investment in the US gov’t by the country’s creditors. He did this by having the fed’l gov’t take on the states’ debts.