Final

Water Management andConservation Plan

December 2012

Prepared for

City of Klamath Falls, Oregon

Prepared by

Contents1. Introduction......................................................................................................1-1

Overview..............................................................................................................1-1Plan Organization.................................................................................................1-1Affected Local Governments................................................................................1-2Plan Update Schedule..........................................................................................1-2

2. Water Supplier Description...............................................................................2-1Source and Facilities............................................................................................2-1Interconnections with Other Systems..................................................................2-1Intergovernmental Agreements...........................................................................2-2Service Area Description and Population.............................................................2-2Records of Water Use..........................................................................................2-3

Methodology.....................................................................................................2-3Terminology.....................................................................................................2-4

Historical Demands..............................................................................................2-5Monthly Demands.............................................................................................2-7Seasonal Demands...........................................................................................2-8Peaking Factors................................................................................................2-8Per Capita Demand..........................................................................................2-9Authorized Consumption................................................................................2-10Customer Characteristics and Use Patterns...................................................2-11

Monthly Water Use.............................................................................................2-13Seasonal Water Use........................................................................................2-14Indoor and Outdoor Water Use.......................................................................2-15Top Water Users.............................................................................................2-15City Irrigation..................................................................................................2-16Unaccounted-for Water..................................................................................2-16OAR 690-086-0140(9).....................................................................................2-16

City Water Rights...............................................................................................2-17Aquatic Resource Concerns...............................................................................2-17Evaluation of Water Rights/Supply.....................................................................2-17

3. Water Conservation...........................................................................................2-1Current Conservation Measures...........................................................................3-1

Public Information and School Education.........................................................3-2Residential Water Audits and Fixture Retrofits.................................................3-2

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System Leak Detection.....................................................................................3-2Landscaping Workshops...................................................................................3-2Enforcement of Plumbing Codes.......................................................................3-2Water Waste Prohibition...................................................................................3-2Water Reuse.....................................................................................................3-2

Use and Reporting Program.................................................................................3-3Required Conservation Programs.........................................................................3-3Five-Year Benchmarks for Required Conservation Measures...............................3-3Expanded Use under Extended Permits...............................................................3-6Additional Requirements......................................................................................3-6

4. Curtailment.......................................................................................................4-1Introduction.........................................................................................................4-1History of System Supply Deficiencies.................................................................4-1Curtailment Levels and Event Triggers................................................................4-2Authority..............................................................................................................4-2Level 1: Water Shortage Alert.............................................................................4-3Level 2: Serious Water Shortage.........................................................................4-3Level 3: Severe Water Shortage.........................................................................4-4Level 4: Critical Water Shortage.........................................................................4-4

5. Water Supply.....................................................................................................5-1Delineation of Service Areas................................................................................5-1Population Projections..........................................................................................5-1Demand Forecast.................................................................................................5-1

Non-Residential................................................................................................5-3Others...............................................................................................................5-3Demand Projection Summary...........................................................................5-4

Schedule to Exercise Permits and Comparison of Projected Need to Available Sources................................................................................................................ 5-5Alternative Sources..............................................................................................5-5Quantification of Projected Maximum Rate and Monthly Volume........................5-6Mitigation Actions under State and Federal Law..................................................5-6New Water Rights................................................................................................5-6

Exhibits

iv

2-1 Components of the IWA/AWWA Water Balance, million gallons per year2-2 Annual Volume, Average Day Demand, Maximum Day Demand, 3-Day

Maximum Day Demand, Maximum Monthly Demands, and Peaking Factor, 2007-2011

2-3 Average Day Demand and Maximum Day Demand with Trendlines, 2007-20112-4 Annual Production (MG), 2007-20112-5 Monthly Average Day Demand (mgd), 2007-2011 2-6 Summer (June-September) and Winter (December-March) Average Day

Demands, 2007-20112-7 Average Day Per Capita Demands (gpcd), 2007-20112-8 Residential Per Capita Demand, 2007-20112-9 Average Annual Number of Service Accounts by Customer Category2-10 Annual Metered Consumption (MG) by Customer Category, 2007-20112-11 Percent Annual Consumption by Customer Category, 20112-12 Monthly Metered Consumption (MG) by Customer Category, 2007-20112-13 Average Monthly Metered Consumption by Season and Customer Category, 20112-14 City of Klamath Falls Largest Water Accounts Annual Consumption, 20112-15 Non-Revenue Water, 2007-20113-1 Previously Proposed Conservation Measures4-1 Water Shortage Levels and Initiating Conditions5-1 City of Klamath Falls Service Area: Projected Population 5-2 City of Klamath Falls: Summary of Land Use Acreages from 2010 Water Master Plan5-3 Unit Demand Factors for Average Day Demand from 2010 Water Master Plan 5-4 City of Klamath Falls Projected Future Demand

AppendicesA Letter to Affected Local GovernmentsB City of Klamath Falls Water Distribution SystemC City of Klamath Falls Current Service AreaD City of Klamath Falls Water Rights TableE City of Klamath Falls Current/Future Service AreaF Water Master Plan (2010) Demand Projections

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1. Introduction

This section satisfies the requirements of OAR 690-086-125.

This rule requires a list of affected local government to whom the plan was made available, and a proposed date for submittal of an updated plan.

OverviewThe City of Klamath Falls (City) is located in Klamath County, in the south central region of Oregon. The City is in the Klamath Basin on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Range and is on the southern shore of Upper Klamath Lake.The City’s current service area includes all areas within the UGB, excluding three small residential communities with private water systems and the Oregon Institute of Technology (OIT). In 2011, the estimated population served by the City’s water system was approximately 36, 180. Currently the overall population within the current and future planning area is approximately 46,000 residents, with about 21,000 within the City limits and another 25,000 in the unincorporated areas within the Urban Growth Boundary (UGB). The City’s source of municipal water supply is groundwater. Currently, the City appropriates groundwater for municipal water use from 13 wells. All of the City’s wells are located in the upper Klamath Basin. The underlying Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks are generally permeable and the groundwater system is recharged from precipitation in the Cascade Range and uplands. The City holds 18 municipal groundwater rights with a total maximum authorized rate of 58.51 cubic feet per second (cfs) (37.8 million gallons per day [mgd]). Currently, not all of the City’s water rights and associated well capacities are fully developed.

Plan OrganizationThis updated Water Management and Conservation Plan (WMCP) fulfills the requirements of Oregon Administrative Record (OAR) Chapter 690, Division 86. Several of the City’s water right permits are conditioned to require a WMCP. Moreover, the previous WMCP approval limited the City’s ability to access its water rights; this updated WMCP is necessary to provide the City access to additional water supply to meet projected demands within the 20-year planning period. The WMCP describes water management, conservation, and curtailment measures that will assist the City in the wise management of its water resources. The WMCP is organized according to the major sections of the Division 86 rules, as follows:

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Section Requirement

Section 1 – Introduction OAR 690-086-0125

Section 2 – Water Supplier Description OAR 690-086-0140

Section 3 – Water Conservation OAR 690-086-0150

Section 4 – Curtailment OAR 690-086-0160

Section 5 – Water Supply OAR 690-086-0170

Affected Local GovernmentsOAR 690-086-0125(5)The following entity is an “affected local government,” according to OAR 690-005-0015:

Klamath County

Thirty days before submitting this WMCP to the Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD), the plan was made available for review by the affected local government listed above along with a request for comments related to consistency with the local government’s comprehensive land use plan (if any). The letter requesting comments is included in Appendix A.

Plan Update ScheduleOAR 690-086-0125(6)The City plans to submit an update of this WMCP within 10 years of receiving the final order approving the WMCP. As required by OAR Chapter 690, Division 86, a progress report will be submitted within 5 years of receiving a final order approving this WMCP.

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2. Water Supplier Description

This section satisfies the requirements of OAR 690-086-0140.

This rule requires descriptions of the City’s water sources, service area and population, water rights, and adequacy and reliability of the existing water supply. The rule also requires descriptions of the City’s customers and their water use, the water system, interconnections with other water suppliers, and quantification of system leakage.

Source and FacilitiesOAR 690-086-0140(1)(8)The City’s source of municipal water supply is groundwater. Currently, the City appropriates groundwater for municipal water use from 11 wells, with two additional wells for emergency use only. The City’s wells are located in the upper Klamath Basin. The underlying Tertiary and Quaternary volcanic rocks are generally permeable and the groundwater system is recharged from precipitation in the Cascade Range and uplands.The City holds 18 municipal groundwater rights with a total maximum authorized rate of 58.51 cfs (37.8 mgd). However, the City’s current municipal well production capacity is significantly lower than the authorized water right capacity. At this time, the combined capacity of the City’s wells is 41.41 cfs (26.8 mgd). The Conger wellfield is the largest centralized supply location and provides approximately 70 percent of the existing water supply capacity. Currently, the City has 227 miles of distribution pipelines, 22 storage reservoirs, 23 booster pump stations, and 18 pressure regulating stations. The distribution pipelines range in size from 2 inches to 20 inches in diameter and are composed of a variety of materials, including cast-iron, ductile-iron, steel, asbestos-cement, high-density polyethylene, and C-900. The City’s 22 reservoirs have a total storage capacity of 16.7 million gallons (MG). The booster pump stations are located throughout the City at key locations to pump water into reservoirs, provide adequate pressures in higher elevation areas or small isolated areas, and offset pressure losses when conveying water to some outlying areas. The 18 pressure regulating stations are located at points where water is supplied to lower elevation areas from zones with higher pressures.Appendix B depicts the City’s water system, including production wells, storage reservoirs, major transmission and distribution lines, and the existing service area.

Interconnections with Other SystemsOAR 690-086-0140(7)The City has an emergency interconnection with OIT; the intertie is one-way, from the City to OIT. In the future, it is possible that OIT will obtain water service from the City because of water quality issues with the OIT supply.

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Intergovernmental AgreementsOAR 690-086-0140(1)The City does not have any intergovernmental agreements with other municipal water supply systems, or exchange agreements or water supply or delivery contracts with other municipal or non-municipal water supply systems.

Service Area Description and PopulationOAR 690-086-0140(2)The City is located in Klamath County, in the south central region of Oregon. The City is in the Klamath Basin on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains and is on the southern shore of Upper Klamath Lake.The planning area for this WMCP, shown in Appendix C, includes almost all lands within the UGB. Three areas have private water systems and are not served by the City. The Southview and Ridgewater planned developments located on the west side of the UGB currently serve about 300 homes combined. The Skyline Water District, just north of Sierra Heights on the east side of the UGB, serves a small area of about 30 homes. In addition, OIT currently has its own water system and is not served by the City. However, it may be served by the City in the future because of potential water quality issues. In 2011, the estimated population served by the City’s water system was approximately 36, 180 with an average number of active water connections (meters), under all customer categories, of 15,730.

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Records of Water UseOAR 690-086-0140(4) and (9)

MethodologyThe International Water Association (IWA) and the American Water Works Association (AWWA) developed a water audit method that is widely recognized and used throughout the water industry.1 This method defines and classifies annual water production and consumption as shown in Exhibit 2-1. Determination of the magnitude of the components of production and consumption helps utilities estimate how production, billing, and leak detection practices affect utility finances.

EXHIBIT 2-1Components of the IWA/AWWA Water Balance, million gallons per year

A B C D ESystem Input Volume = Production = System Demand (measured at master meters)

Authorized Consumption

Billed Authorized Consumption

Billed metered consumption (including water exported to another system).Billed unmetered consumption.

Revenue Water

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

Unbilled metered consumption.Unbilled unmetered consumption.

Non-Revenue Water

Water Losses

Apparent Losses

Unauthorized consumption.Metering inaccuracies.Data handling error.

Real Losses Leakage from transmission and/or distribution mains.Leakage and overflows at storage tanks.Leakage from water delivery connections up to point of customer metering.

Source: AWWA. Manual of Water Supply Practices M36. Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Third Edition, 2009.

System input volume, also known as “production” and “demand,” is the total quantity of water delivered to a distribution system (Exhibit 2-1). The quantity of the water delivered generally is measured using large master meters located at key entry points into the distribution system. The system input volume must equal the sum of the authorized consumption and the water losses that occur in the system.Authorized consumption is divided into billed and unbilled categories, where billed authorized consumption is revenue water and unbilled authorized consumption contributes to a system’s non-revenue water. Authorized consumption may be either metered or unmetered. Unmetered volumes must be estimated on the basis of estimated flow rates and durations of flow. Authorized billed consumption may include metered consumption for use by residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and irrigation customers, as well as wholesale water connections. Authorized unbilled consumption may include public uses for firefighting or hydrant flushing.1 AWWA. Manual of Water Supply Practices M36. Water Audits and Loss Control Programs, Third Edition, 2009.

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Water losses are composed of both apparent losses and real losses. Apparent losses result from meter inaccuracies, error introduced by data entry or manipulation, and unauthorized consumption, such as illegal connection to the system or unauthorized use of a fire hydrant. Real losses result from water loss caused by leakage, reservoir overflow, and evaporation. All water systems have some degree of real losses. Demands and consumption in municipal systems generally are reported in units of mgd, but they may be reported in cfs or gallons per minute (gpm), as well. One mgd is equivalent to 695 gpm or 1.55 cfs. Annual or monthly water quantities generally are reported in MG. Water use per person (per capita use) is reported in gallons per capita per day (gpcd).

Terminology

Demand refers to total water production, or the sum of metered consumption (residential, commercial, industrial, and municipal), unmetered uses (for example, fire fighting or hydrant flushing), and water lost to leakage and reservoir overflow. Metered use or consumption refers to the portion of water use that is recorded by customer meters.Connection refers to a metered connection of a customer to the distribution system.Unaccounted-for water (sometimes known as unbilled, or non-revenue water) refers to the difference between production and billed consumption. Unaccounted-for water includes unmetered hydrant use, other unmetered uses, water lost to reservoir overflow, and leakage. Meter inaccuracies (both production and customer) also contribute to unaccounted-for water.Specific demand terms include:

Average day demand (ADD) is the total annual production divided by 365 days.

Maximum day demand (MDD) is the highest daily production during a calendar year, also called the 1-day MDD.

3-day maximum day demand (3-day MDD) is the average of the 3 consecutive days with the highest daily demands, including the MDD.

Maximum monthly demand (MMD) in MG, it equals the highest total monthly demand of the 12 months of a calendar year, and in mgd, it equals the average day demand of the 1 month with the highest total demand of the 12 months of a calendar year.

Peaking factor is a ratio of one demand to another. The most common ratio is MDD to ADD. This ratio is often used for system modeling and demand forecasting.

MDD is a critical value for water system planning. The supply facilities and water rights must be capable of meeting the MDD. If the MDD exceeds the combined

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supply capacity on any given day, finished water storage levels will be reduced. Consecutive days at or near the MDD will result in a water shortage.

Historical DemandsFrom 2007-2011, annual production ranged from 2,395.6 MG to 3,094.6 MG. During the same period, the City’ ADD ranged from 6.56 mgd to 8.48 mgd while the MDD ranged from 13.80 mgd to 18.82 mgd. The 3-day MDD, which gives an indication of the duration of periods of maximum demand, ranged from 12.65 mgd to 17.59 mgd. The 3-day MDD averaged approximately 90 percent of the MDD, which means that if the MDD equals 20.0 mgd, the City can be expected to experience 3 consecutive days with an average demand of approximately 18.0 mgd each day (90 percent of 20 mgd). Exhibit 2-2 summarizes demand, or production of finished water, for the overall system by the City’s customers.

EXHIBIT 2-2Annual Volume, Average Day Demand, Maximum Day Demand, 3-Day Maximum Day Demand, Maximum Monthly Demands, and Peaking Factor, 2007-2011

Year

Annual Volume

Produced (MG)

ADD (mgd)

MDD (mgd)

3-d MDD (mgd)

3-d MDD Percentage

of MDD (mgd)

MMD (mgd)

MMD (MG)

Peaking Factor

MDD:ADD

2007 3,028.0 8.30 16.15 14.25 88% 12.91 400.31 1.9

2008 2,917.5 7.99 18.18 16.32 90% 14.11 437.31 2.3

2009 3,094.6 8.48 18.82 17.59 93% 15.49 480.04 2.2

2010 2,490.3 6.82 16.14 13.76 85% 12.54 388.61 2.4

2011 2,395.6 6.56 13.80 12.65 92% 11.11 344.31 2.1Average 2,785.2 7.63 16.62 14.91 90% 13.23 410.12 2.2Highest 3,094.6 8.48 18.82 17.59 93% 15.49 480.04 2.4

2-5

Exhibit 2-3 illustrates the City’s ADD and MDD from 2007 to 2011. From 2007 to 2011, ADD decreased moderately at a rate of 0.46 mgd per year, as shown by the calculated trendline. During the same period, MDD fluctuated, but shows a decreasing trend in recent years. The highest recorded MDD was 18.82 mgd (29.1 cfs) in 2009. EXHIBIT 2-3Average Day Demand and Maximum Day Demand with Trendlines, 2007-2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

f(x) = − 0.674 x + 18.64R² = 0.289767102456548

f(x) = − 0.465 x + 9.025R² = 0.697050290135397

MDD (mgd)Linear (MDD (mgd))ADD (mgd)Linear (ADD (mgd))

Year

Annu

al D

eman

d (m

gd)

MDD Trendline

ADD Trendline

Exhibit 2-4 illustrates the City’s annual production from 2007 to 2011. During this period, the highest recorded annual production was 3,094.6 MG in 2009.

EXHIBIT 2-4Annual Production (MG), 2007-2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Year

Annu

al P

rodu

ction

(MG)

2-6

Monthly Demands

Exhibit 2-5 shows the monthly demand data expressed as an ADD for the month from 2007 to 2011, with the peak season months of June through September in red. It appears that the City experiences a seasonal change in demand and that the months with the greatest demand are July and August, indicating that these months should be the focus of water conservation efforts. From 2007 to 2011, the highest monthly ADD recorded was 15.49 mgd in July 2009, as shown in Exhibit 2-5.

EXHIBIT 2-5Monthly Average Day Demand (mgd), 2007-2011

Jan-

07M

ar-0

7M

ay-0

7Ju

l-07

Sep-

07No

v-07

Jan-

08M

ar-0

8M

ay-0

8Ju

l-08

Sep-

08No

v-08

Jan-

09M

ar-0

9M

ay-0

9Ju

l-09

Sep-

09No

v-09

Jan-

10M

ar-1

0M

ay-1

0Ju

l-10

Sep-

10No

v-10

Jan-

11M

ar-1

1M

ay-1

1Ju

l-11

Sep-

11No

v-11

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Month

Mon

thly

Ave

rage

Day

Dem

and

(mgd

)

2-7

Seasonal Demands

Exhibit 2-6 illustrates the summer period (defined as June through September) and winter period (December through March) ADDs for 2007 through 2011. As illustrated, the City’s water demand increases markedly during the summer months, because of outdoor irrigation.

EXHIBIT 2-6Summer (June-September) and Winter (December-March) Average Day Demands, 2007-2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Summer (Jun-Sep)Linear (Summer (Jun-Sep))

Year

Ann

ual S

easo

nal D

eman

d (m

gd)

Summer ADD Trendline

Winter ADD Trendline

From 2007-2011, the summer ADD ranged from 10.12 mgd in 2011 to 13.22 mgd in 2009 and winter ADD ranged from 4.44 mgd in 2011 to 6.05 mgd in 2007. During this same period, the summer ADD averaged approximately 2.3 times the winter ADD. Summer season ADD fluctuated and winter season ADD appears to steadily decrease during this 5-year period. The decreasing winter demand trend may be attributed to a decrease in commercial customers because of the recent economic downturn and the decrease demand for industrial cooling water in cold weather. Monthly volume demand (MG) data from 2007 to 2011 showed that the 4 summer months (June-September) accounted for an average of 51 percent of the City’s annual volume demand. Winter demand (December-March) accounted for an average of 22 percent of the annual volume demand. The shoulder seasons (April-May and October-November) accounted for the remaining 27 percent of the annual volume demand.

Peaking Factors

Peaking factors are the ratios of MDD to ADD (MDD:ADD), MMD to ADD (MMD:ADD), and MDD to MMD (MDD:MMD). Peaking factors are useful for estimating peak demands when only ADDs or MMDs are known or measured, as well as for hydraulic

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modeling of the system and demand forecasting. The City’s average peaking factor of MDD:ADD from 2007-2011 was 2.2.

Per Capita Demand

Per capita demand, expressed in gpcd, is the City’s total demand from commercial, industrial, and municipal customers, as well as residential customers, divided by the estimated water delivery area population. Consequently, the calculated per capita demand values exceed the amounts of water actually used by a typical individual. In addition, per capita demand may not accurately portray year-to-year water use because the calculation does not account for the difference in customer demographics, climate, rainfall, and current economic conditions. The calculation also does not account for specifics, such as changes in hotel occupancy or in large commercial/industrial uses, which may not have any relationship to population or actual efficiency of use. Nevertheless, per capita demands may show year-to-year trends and can be used to compare water use by the City’s customers to that of other communities. Exhibit 2-7 shows the estimated average day per capita demands from 2007-2011. The water delivery area population was estimated by multiplying the number of service accounts by the Oregon Health Authority’s Drinking Water Program’s estimated number of persons per service connection (2.3 persons).EXHIBIT 2-7Average Day Per Capita Demands (gpcd), 2007-2011

Year ADD (mgd)

Estimated Water

Delivery Area

Population

Average Day per Capita

Demand (gpcd)

2007 8.30 36641 2272008 7.99 37076 2162009 8.48 36554 2322010 6.82 36292 1882011 6.56 36179 181

Average 209

As shown in Exhibit 2-7, the City’s average day per capita demand, averaged from 2007-2011, was 209 gpcd. In comparison, the following average day per capita demands are from cities with similar climates: City of Bend, 207 gpcd (2004-2009 average, City of Bend 2011 WMCP); City of Prineville, 170 gpcd (2000-2006 average, City of Prineville 2011 WMCP); City of Sisters, 358.5 gpcd (2005-2008 average, City of Sisters 2011 WMCP); and City of Redmond, 240 gpcd (City of Prineville 2011 WMCP).

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Residential Per Capita Demand

Residential per capita demand provides another measure of water use by residential customers that can be used for comparisons to other communities and for developing water conservation strategies. The City’s single-family and multi-family customers are considered residential customers. Exhibit 2-8 shows residential per capita demand from 2007 to 2011. During this period, the average of the City’s average residential per capita demand was 134 gpcd. Annual average residential per capita demand (for example, 124 gpcd in 2011) was estimated by dividing the annual metered residential consumption (1,515,502,604 gallons in 2011) by 365 days and then dividing that value by the customer population for that year (33,375 in 2011).

EXHIBIT 2-8Residential Per Capita Demand, 2007-2011

Year ADD (mgd)

Estimated Water

Delivery Area

Residential

Population

Average Day

Residential per

Capita Demand (gpcd)

2007 4.90 33,722 1452008 4.71 34,136 1382009 4.61 33,708 1372010 4.26 33,490 1272011 4.15 33,375 124

Average 134

Authorized Consumption Authorized consumption is equal to the metered and certain unmetered water uses within the system. All known authorized water consumption is metered, including bulk water use, with the exception of water used by the fire department for fighting fires and training purposes. These unmetered water uses are estimated.

2-10

Customer Characteristics and Use PatternsOAR 690-086-0140(6)The City has four metered customer categories: single-family (residential), multi-family (residential), commercial, and industrial. Exhibit 2-9 shows the number of accounts by customer category for 2007 through 2011. Single family accounts and commercial accounts numbers have been decreasing over time. The industrial use customer category was separated from the commercial use customer category in 2009; before then, industrial customers were accounted for under the commercial category.

EXHIBIT 2-9Average Annual Number of Service Accounts by Customer Category

Year Single-Family Multi-Family Commercial Industrial Total2007 14,353 309 1,269 N/A 15,9312008 14,529 313 1,278 N/A 16,1202009 14,348 308 1,237 1 15,8942010 14,254 307 1,216 2 15,7792011 14,202 309 1,217 2 15,730

Exhibit 2-10 shows the City’s annual metered consumption by customer category from 2007 through 2011. Single-family annual metered consumption steadily decreased during the last 5 years.

EXHIBIT 2-10Annual Metered Consumption (MG) by Customer Category, 2007-2011

2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Single-Family

Multi-Family

Commercial

Industrial

Year

Annu

al M

eter

ed C

onsu

mpti

on (M

G)

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Exhibit 2-11 presents a pie chart that shows the percentage of the total annual water consumption by each customer category in 2011. Single-family water use represented 65 percent of total metered annual consumption and commercial use represented 23 percent. Multi-family and industrial water use accounted for 11 percent and 1 percent of annual metered consumption, respectively. These percentages indicate that overall the single-family and commercial customers have the greatest potential conservation opportunities.

EXHIBIT 2-11Percent Annual Consumption by Customer Category, 2011

Single-Family; 65%

Multi-Family; 11%

Commercial; 23%

Industrial; 1%

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Monthly Water UseExhibit 2-12 shows the City’s estimated monthly metered consumption by customer category from 2007 through 2011. During each year, consumption increased in the summer months, particularly by single-family customers, as a result of increased outdoor water use. The highest monthly consumption by category was: 260.7 MG in August 2009 for single-family customers, 32.6 MG in August 2009 for multi-family customers, 92.3 MG in October 2009 for commercial customers, and 20.1 MG in November 2009 for industrial customers.

EXHIBIT 2-12Monthly Metered Consumption (MG) by Customer Category, 2007-2011

Jan-

07M

ar-0

7M

ay-0

7Ju

l-07

Sep-

07No

v-07

Jan-

08M

ar-0

8M

ay-0

8Ju

l-08

Sep-

08No

v-08

Jan-

09M

ar-0

9M

ay-0

9Ju

l-09

Sep-

09No

v-09

Jan-

10M

ar-1

0M

ay-1

0Ju

l-10

Sep-

10No

v-10

Jan-

11M

ar-1

1M

ay-1

1Ju

l-11

Sep-

11No

v-11

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

Single-Family

Multi-Family

Commercial

Industrial

Month

Mon

thly

Met

ered

Con

sum

ption

(MG)

2-13

Seasonal Water Use

Exhibit 2-13 presents the average monthly consumption by season and customer category for 2011 to understand current seasonal differences in consumption for each customer type. For the purposes of this WMCP, the summer months are defined as June through September and the winter months are defined as December through March. Single-family water consumption was 174.8 MG in the summer season and 62.9 MG in the winter season, making summer season consumption approximately 2.8 times greater than winter season consumption. Industrial water consumption was 5.6 MG in the summer season and 0.9 MG in the winter season, making summer season consumption approximately 6.3 times greater than the winter. This seasonal difference for industrial customers likely is the result of water used for cooling at the Klamath Co-Generation plant, which requires more water to cool when temperatures increase. The single-family and industrial ratios are much greater than the ratios for the multi-family and commercial customer categories, indicating water conservation activities focused on outdoor use should target single-family customers and water reuse/recycling should be the focus for industrial customers

EXHIBIT 2-13Average Monthly Metered Consumption by Season and Customer Category, 2011

Winter

(N

ov-Feb

)

Summer

(Ju

n-Sep)

Annual

(Ja

n-Dec)0

255075

100125150175200225250275

IndustrialCommercialMulti-FamilySingle-FamilyTotal

Met

ered

Con

sum

ption

(MG/

mon

th)

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Indoor and Outdoor Water Use

An understanding of indoor and outdoor water use by customers can help the City target its water conservation efforts. This analysis of indoor and outdoor water use focuses on the single-family category, which is the largest customer category. To estimate the amount of indoor versus outdoor water use for the single-family customer category, water use in the wintertime was assumed to be representative of annual indoor water use. The 2011 winter single-family monthly average consumption of 62.9 MG was multiplied by 12 months to develop an estimated average annual single-family indoor use of 754.7 MG. The average annual single-family outdoor use was estimated to be 541.3 MG by subtracting the average annual single-family indoor use from the total annual single-family water use in 2011 (1,296.0 MG) (1296 – 754.7 = 541.3). Based on this analysis, indoor water use represented approximately 58 percent of annual single-family water use and outdoor water use represented approximately 42 percent of annual single-family water use, which is a large percentage given that the outdoor water use occurs primarily during the 4 summer months. These percentages indicate that aiming residential/single-family water conservation efforts at indoor uses year-round and outdoor uses during summer months could result in water savings for the City.

Top Water Users

Exhibit 2-14 presents the largest 10 individual water accounts in 2011. These accounts represent approximately 8 percent of all metered consumption for 2011. Six of the 10 accounts are commercial class, with the remainder being multi-family residential class. The largest water account is the City’s Wastewater Department for providing “make-up” cooling water for the Klamath Co-Generation (Co-Gen) plant. The City is under contractual obligation to provide treated effluent to the Co-Gen plant for cooling purposes, when wastewater is not available in the quantities required by the Co-Gen plant, the Wastewater Department receives metered potable water, from the City water system, to make-up the difference.

EXHIBIT 2-14City of Klamath Falls Largest Water Accounts Annual Consumption, 2011

Account Customer Class Total (MG) % Annual Consumption

Co-Generation Plant Commercial 62.34 3.08Air Field Commercial/Industrial 28.84 1.43Wastewater Commercial 19.56 0.97Medical Center Commercial 13.79 0.68Mobile Home Park Multi-Family 12.09 0.60Wood Fiber Plant Commercial 11.33 0.56Schools Commercial 11.15 0.55Mobile Home Park Multi-Family 9.81 0.49Mobile Home Park Multi-Family 9.44 0.47Mobile Home Park Multi-Family 9.00 0.45

Total 187.32 9.3%

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City Irrigation

The City’s Water Department provides water for irrigation for 9 city parks, 1 county park, 30 street medians, and 4 common areas within the UGB. All water is metered and billed, to the appropriate city or district parks department, at the full applicable water rates. The Water Department also provides back-up water to two city parks and two parks outside city limits (within UGB) if the authorized surface water sources are curtailed.Additionally, the City’s Park and Recreation Department holds surface water rights for a variety of uses, including irrigation use. The water rights are used to irrigate seven city parks and two cemeteries.

Unaccounted-for WaterOAR 690-086-0140(9)Non-revenue water is determined here by calculating the difference between the City’s production of finished water and metered use. The percentage of non-revenue water equals the production of finished water minus the metered use, divided by the production of finished water. Exhibit 2-15 presents the annual total production of finished water and total consumption, the non-revenue water quantity of water, and the percentage of non-revenue water for the years 2007 through 2011. The percentage of non-revenue water ranged from a low of 16.1 percent to 25.2 percent. EXHIBIT 2-15Non-Revenue Water, 2007-2011

YearTotal

Production (MG)

Total Metered

Consumption (MG)

Non-Revenue Water

(MG)

Non-Revenue

Water (%)

2007 3,028.0 2,371.5 656.5 21.72008 2,917.5 2,293.1 624.4 21.42009 3,094.6 2,313.4 781.2 25.22010 2,490.3 2,089.3 401.0 16.12011 2,395.6 2,000.6 395.0 16.5

General causes of non-revenue water may include meter inaccuracies, evaporation, reservoir overflows, unmetered hydrant use, leakage, and unauthorized, unbilled use of fire lines. The City is unaware of any specific leaks or losses in the system and believes the majority of the differences between production and consumption is associated with metering. As described more fully in Section 3, the City has a leak detection program and repairs or replaces sections of pipeline as needed to decrease its non-revenue water.

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City Water RightsOAR 690-086-0140(5)The City holds 18 water rights that authorize the use of groundwater for municipal purposes. The City’s 18 municipal groundwater rights have a combined maximum authorized rate of 58.51 cfs (37.8 mgd). The City, however, has access to only 37.13 cfs( 24 mgd) of this rate until an updated WMCP demonstrates the need for access to additional supply and is approved by OWRD. Appendix D provides detailed information about each of the City’s municipal water rights that supply potable water through the publicly owned municipal distribution system. Additional information is provided for non-municipal water rights held by City departments other than the Water Department. The non-municipal use water rights provide non-potable water for a variety of uses (irrigation, swimming pools, geothermal, etc.), but are not delivered through the municipal distribution system for municipal customer supply.

Aquatic Resource ConcernsThere are no streamflow-dependent species present in the City’s water source (groundwater). None of the City’s wells is in areas designated as a critical groundwater area or a groundwater-limited area.

Evaluation of Water Rights/SupplyOAR 690-086-0140(3) The City holds 18 water rights that authorize the use of groundwater for municipal purposes. The City’s groundwater rights have a combined maximum authorized rate of 58.51 cfs (37.8 mgd). However, not all of the water rights are fully developed and the City’s municipal well production capacity is currently less than the authorized water right capacity. At this time, capacity of the City wells is 41.41 cfs (26.8 mgd). Further, the City currently has access to only 37.13 cfs (24 mgd) until an updated WMCP demonstrates the need for access to additional supply and is approved by OWRD. Although no critical groundwater areas have been designated in the vicinity, the entire Klamath Basin is subject to broad groundwater concerns brought on by drought and increasing use of the groundwater resource in response to restrictions placed on surface water use triggered by the Endangered Species Act. A 2007 U.S. Geological Survey study notes that groundwater levels in the Klamath Basin have dropped in response to climatic conditions and pumping. Of the two reasons for decline, climate exerts the largest influence on water levels. Water levels in some upland areas have declined 12 feet between 2000 and 2006 because of drought conditions. However, water levels are expected to rise again after the drought cycle is over. The effect of pumping on groundwater levels is usually seasonal, with the groundwater levels declining during the irrigation season and recovering by the following spring. Large localized increases in pumping that began in 2001 resulted in at approximately 15 feet of decline in some areas by 2004. There is no reason to believe that the City’s groundwater supply is unreliable. The City has developed a water level monitoring plan, which has been approved by OWRD, to watch for signs

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of water level decline. However, recent drought conditions and potential groundwater declines underscore the critical importance of careful water resource stewardship.

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3. Water Conservation

This section addresses the requirements of OAR 690-086-0150(1) – (6).

This rule requires a progress report on conservation measures in the City’s existing Plan, and a description of any additional conservation measures. The rule also requires descriptions of specific required conservation measures and benchmarks.

Current Conservation MeasuresOAR 690-086-0150(1) and (3)In 1998, the City submitted a WMCP that was approved by OWRD on March 29, 1999. The City’s previously approved WMCP included current conservation measures and potential future measures the City could implement. Since that time, the City has successfully implemented some of the proposed conservation measures. Exhibit 3-1 shows the previously proposed conservation measures and the status of each program.

EXHIBIT 3-1Previously Proposed Conservation Measures

Proposed Measure Implementation Schedule from 1998 WMCP

Actual Implementation Current Status

Public Information and School Education Already in Existence 1990 Ongoing

Residential Water Audits and Fixture Retrofits 1998/1999 1998

Implemented for 1 year; program withdrawn because of safety concerns and lack of funding

ULF Toilet Rebate 1998/1999 -- Not implemented to date (see explanation below)

Incentive Based Water Rates 1999 2002/2003 Ongoing

System Leak Detection Already in Existence 1992 OngoingLow-Water Use Washer Rebate 1998/1999 -- Not implemented to date (see

explanation below)Landscape Water Conservation Requirements

1998/1999 -- Not implemented to date (see explanation below)

Landscaping Workshops 1998/1999 1998 Discontinued in 2000Enforcement of Plumbing Codes Already in Existence 1997 Ongoing

Water Waste Prohibition 1998-1999 1993 OngoingCistern/Grey Water 1998/1999 -- Not implemented to date (see

explanation below)Water Reuse 1998/1999 2001 Ongoing

Public Information and School EducationIn 1990, the City ’s Water Department began a public relations program, “Drinking Water Week,” which primarily targeted district elementary schools. The initial program was a presentation focusing on the water cycle and wise-use of water and

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has expanded to include contests, activity books, awards, water conservation pamphlets and video presentations. The City also advertises “Drinking Water Week” in local papers and on local radio stations. Additionally, the City provides articles on water conservation and water use at the City’s Public Works office.

Residential Water Audits and Fixture RetrofitsThe City implemented a residential water audit and fixture retrofit program from 1998 to 1999. The program was funded as an intern position and lasted only 1 year because of safety/liability concerns and lack of available funding. The water audit staff person would schedule appointments with water customers for inspection of the water meters. Additionally, the water customer would receive verbal and written information on residential water conservation practices and receive an AWWA residential water conservation packet, which included an irrigation timer, low-flow showerhead, faucet aerator, and a toilet flapper replacement. At the time of the water audit, the staff person would install the faucet aerator and low-flow showerheads for the customers.

System Leak Detection

Since 1992, the City has conducted annual leak detection surveys. The City hires a contractor to survey select areas of the distribution system and search for leaks using ultrasonic detection equipment. City Water Department staff members select areas of focus for the survey based on the following criteria: type of pipe, age of pipe, problems incurred in past, visible leaks, and number of leaks identified during previous year.Landscaping WorkshopsFrom 1998 through 2000, the City’s Water Department staffed a booth at the local contractors board Home Show. Staff provided educational materials and information regarding residential water conservation. This program has been discontinued because of lack of funding.

Enforcement of Plumbing CodesKlamath County is responsible for enforcement of state plumbing codes within the City’s water service area. The City believes the County enforces this code for all structures requiring a building permit.

Water Waste Prohibition City code (4.270) prohibits wasteful and negligent water use. Water waste by any customers served by the City may lead to the discontinuation of service if not remedied after notice has been given by the City Manager.

Water ReuseEffluent from the City’s wastewater treatment plant is used to provide water for cooling at the Co-Gen plant, thus reducing the potable water required for this service. Make-up water, the difference between cooling water required and available effluent, currently is provided by the City’s potable water supply. An average of approximately 790 MG of effluent is supplied annually for cooling purposes to the Co-Gen plant.

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Conservation Measures not Implemented to DateThe City’s previous WMCP also mentioned ultra-low flow toilet rebates, low water use washer rebates, landscape water conservation measures and cistern/grey water reuse conservation measures. These conservation measures have not been implemented for various reasons. To date, both the toilet and washer rebate programs have not been financially feasible for the City to implement; however the City will continue to seek funding in order to offer such programs in the future. The City did consider landscape water conservation requirements but ultimately it was dependent upon the City Council to adopt such measures, which has not occurred to date. Grey water reuse was considered but until recently the State of Oregon did not legally allow such use. With the new state rules authorizing grey water reuse, the City will investigate opportunities for encouraging customer adoption.

Use and Reporting ProgramOAR 690-086-0150(2)The City’s Water Department’s water measurement and reporting program complies with the measurement standards in OAR Chapter 690, Division 85. The City’s water use records can be found at http://apps2.wrd.state.or.us/apps/wr/wateruse_report/.

Propeller meters are mounted at each of the City’s wells; the meters are read every 24 hours and the total amount of water pumped during the previous 24 hour period is recorded. The City submits an annual water use report to the Department documenting the total amount of water pumped from each well, including the geothermal use wells. This report is submitted electronically to the Department each October for the water year.

Required Conservation ProgramsOAR 690-086-0150(4)OAR 690-086-150(4) requires that all water suppliers establish 5-year benchmarks for implementing the following water management and conservation measures:

Annual water audit System-wide metering Meter testing and maintenance Unit-based billing Leak detection and repair (if system leakage exceeds 10 percent) Public education

Five-Year Benchmarks for Required Conservation MeasuresDuring the next 5 years, the City plans to initiate, continue, or expand the following conservation measures that are required of all municipalities.

1. Annual Water Audit Water audits enable suppliers to account for all uses, or losses, of water within the system. The City has been tracking production and consumption data and analyzing and comparing this information on a monthly basis since

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2005. All water provided by the City is metered, except water for Fire Department training and firefighting, which is estimated. For Fire Department training exercises the water use is estimated by reading the gallon per minute flow through the pumper truck(s) and multiplying by the time water was flowing. Actual firefighting use is not accounted for except when a major fire event occurs and use can be determined based on what was above and beyond typical demand for the time period. The City is not aware of any unmetered, unauthorized uses of water.

The City is committed to expanding its water auditing to further maximize the efficiency of the water system.

Five-Year Benchmarks: The City will continue to conduct annual city-wide water auditing,

including comparing consumption and production data on a monthly basis. Staff will compile a comprehensive year-end audit report.

2. System-wide Metering All customers served by the City are metered, including bulk water users (construction and hydrant flushing). As described above, currently, the only use not metered by the City is water used by the Fire Department for fire fighting and training.

In 2009, the City began installing radio-read automated meter reading (AMR) meters within its service area. The AMR meters are being installed at an average rate of 1,200 per year, dependent upon available funds. The City’s goal is to replace all manual-read meters by 2020, or sooner if possible.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Continue to require meters for all development requiring water served

by the City. Continue replacing manual read meters with radio-read AMR meters.

3. Meter Testing and Maintenance In 1992, the City implemented a meter testing and replacement program. During the first 5 years, City staff replaced between 500 to 800 meters annually. Meters are tested by City staff and are repaired or replaced if they do not meet AWWA standards.

Currently, the City test its meters on a 10-year cycle. Every meter within the City’s service area is removed, tested, and repaired or replaced as necessary once every 10 years. During testing, meters are upgraded to touch-read registers, which enables the meters to be radio-read after the AMR transceiver is installed.

The City’s production well meters are taken out of service every 5 to 10 years, or sooner if a problem is detected; the meters are shipped to the manufacturer for testing, repair and recalibration, if necessary. The production well meters have a 4-20 milliamp (ma) output signal that is tied to

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the SCADA system. City staff periodically checks the manual reading against the 4-20 ma signals for consistency.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Continue with current annual meter testing and maintenance program. Additionally, when staff members find a meter that needs to be

replaced, an AMR meter will be installed.

4. Water Rate Structure The City’s water rates consist of a base rate, calculated according to meter size, and a consumption rate. Before 2002, the City had a declining rate structure for water consumption. The City’s current water rate structure is a uniform rate structure, meaning customers are charged one rate for every unit of water consumed. The rate does not increase or decrease based on the amount of consumption.

Customer consumption rates for accounts outside City limits are more than the rates for customers within City limits. The higher rate is intended to discourage customers with large acreage, which is common outside the City, from irrigating with potable water. Water rates are subject to annual changes related to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Five-Year Benchmarks:

Conduct a water rate study in 2013. Based on the results of the rate study, the Water Department’s staff

will provide information to the City Council about inclining-block (tiered) water rates for the Council to consider implementing.

5. Leak Detection and Repair The City began conducting leak detection and repair measures in the spring of 1992. An outside contractor is hired to survey areas of the distribution system and identify leaks, if any, through ultrasonic equipment. City water department staff annually select areas to be surveyed based on type of pipe, age of pipe, previous problems incurred in past, visible leaks and number of leaks identified during previous year.

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Five-Year Benchmarks: Continue the current leak detection and repair program until

unaccounted-for water is 10 percent or less.

6. Public Education In 1990, the City’s Water Department began a public relations program titled “Drinking Water Week.” Educational efforts are mostly focused on elementary students, but also include public awareness information in the local papers and on local radio stations.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Continue the City’s annual “Drinking Water Week” program. Within 1 year, the City will begin providing detailed conservation

messages in monthly billings during the summer months (June–September).

During the next 5 years, the City’s staff will work with the industrial customers to identify conservation opportunities within the industrial operating systems.

Expanded Use under Extended PermitsOAR 690-086-0150(5)Under OAR 690-086-0150(5), any municipal water supplier that proposes to expand or initiate the diversion of water under an extended permit for which resource issues have been identified shall include a description of activities and 5-year implementation schedule for a system-wide leak repair or line replacement program to reduce system leakage to no more than 15 percent. The City is not initiating or expanding water use under an extended permit for which resource issues have been identified under OAR 690-086-0140(5)(i).

Additional RequirementsOAR 690-086-0150(6)OAR 690-086-0150(6) requires municipal water suppliers that serve a population more than 1,000 and propose to expand or initiate the diversion of water under an extended permit for which resource issues have been identified, or if the population served is more than 7,500, to provide a description of the specific activities, along with a 5-year schedule to implement several additional conservation measures. In 2011, the City served a population of approximately 36,179 and, therefore, is required to provide the following additional conservation measures.

1. Leak Repair or Line Replacement ProgramThe City’s unaccounted-for water, from all causes including leakage, was 16.5 percent in 2011. Currently, the City budgets $500,000 per year for pipeline replacement projects.

At the current annual replacement budget, it would take the City approximately 124 years to replace the67 miles pipes, 4 inches in diameter or less, located throughout the system. Most of the smaller-diameter pipes

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are remnants of old individual water systems that existed before the City took over water distribution within in the City in 1978. In addition to being older pipe, the smaller-diameter pipe also has been targeted for replacement in the City’s 2010 Water Master Plan because it is undersized for the system and can cause distribution bottlenecks.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Continue to replace leaky and old pipes throughout distribution system

in a strategic manner based on leak detection survey areas and areas of undersized pipe.

Pursue additional funding for pipeline replacement program to replace more pipe annually.

2. Technical and Financial Assistance ProgramsCurrently, the City has no programs in this area, however during the next 5 years; it will implement an industrial water audit for its highest water-using industrial customers.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Implement an industrial water audit program aimed at reducing water

use in the highest industrial water use facilities served by the City. The audit will include:

o A complete review of how, when, and where water is used both inside and outside the facility.

o A review of how much water has been used annually, monthly, and daily; looking specifically at peak usage and how that relates to production.

o An analysis of opportunities (both inside and outside the facility) for reducing losses, reducing use and reusing water.

3. Inefficient Fixture Retrofit or ReplacementThe City previously had a fixture retrofit program as part of its residential water audit program, but does not currently have an inefficient fixture retrofit or replacement program.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Distribute 75 indoor water conservation kits (that is, faucet aerators,

low-flow showerheads, toilet leak detectors) annually to residential water customers.

Distribute 75 outdoor water conservation kits (that is, rain gauges, irrigation timers, drought-resistant plant seeds) annually to residential water customers.

Conduct a study to determine whether offering rebates for customer investments in water conservation is feasible for the City.

4. Rate Structure and Billing Practices that Encourage ConservationCurrent rate structures charge customers based on meter size and actual water used at a uniform rate. The City currently bills water customers monthly based on actual use, not estimates, thereby providing a timely price signal when excessive water use is occurring which promotes conservation.

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Occasionally, during severe snow storms in which meters are buried, water use estimates are required.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Conduct a rate study in 2013. The Water Department’s staff will provide rate study data to the City

Council and provide details on inclining block (tiered) water rates for the Council to consider.

Continue billing customers on a monthly basis providing a timely price signal to customers.

Within 1 year, the City will begin providing detailed conservation messages in monthly billings during the summer months (June – September).

5. Water Reuse, Recycling, and Non-potable OpportunitiesCurrently, the City’s largest industrial water user receives all effluent available to use for cooling purposes; this reduces the demand on the Water Department’s potable sources. The City currently provides water for irrigation of 9 city parks, 1 county park, 30 street medians, and 4 common areas; this type of use does not require potable water and should, in the future, be served from non-potable sources.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Continue to use effluent for cooling water at the Co-Gen plant. Encourage industrial customers to reuse cooling water Conduct industrial water audits to indentify if additional reuse or

recycling opportunities are available within the manufacturing operations.

Explore opportunities for large irrigated areas (that is, parks and street medians) that currently are served from the City’s municipal supply to be served from non-potable sources.

6. Other Measures, if Identified by SupplierThe City currently charges higher rates for water customers outside City limits in an effort to discourage customers from irrigating large properties with potable water.

Five-Year Benchmarks: Work with top 10 water use customers to reduce water demand,

especially during the peak water demand months of June and August. Implement City-wide low-water use landscaping standards.

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4. Curtailment

This section satisfies the requirements of OAR 690-086-0160.

This rule requires a description of past supply deficiencies and current capacity limitation. It also requires inclusion of stages of alert and the associated triggers and curtailment actions for each stage.

IntroductionCurtailment planning is the development of proactive measures to reduce demand during supply shortages resulting from prolonged drought, or system failure from unanticipated events including catastrophic events (flooding, landslides, earthquakes, and contamination), mechanical or electrical equipment failure, or other events not under the control of the City (for example, localized or area-wide power outages and intentional malevolent acts). The goal of this curtailment plan is to have objective criteria that trigger actions that will ensure sufficient water to meet the minimum demands of the water supply system, without jeopardizing the health, safety, or welfare of the community. The actions in this curtailment plan are intended to “provide the greatest assurance of maintaining potable supplies for human consumption.”

History of System Supply DeficienciesOAR 690-086-0160(1)During the last 10 years, there have been a few extended power outages that affected the City’s ability to pump water from critical wells. During these episodes, the City supplied its water customers stored water and no curtailment was required. The City has installed back-up generators on all critical wells in an effort to avoid interruptions in water service during power outages of any duration.The City’s total maximum authorized rate from its municipal water rights is 58.51 cfs (37.81 mgd); however, the current well capacity is limited to 41.41 cfs (26.8 mgd). Additionally, the City’s water rights are limited to 37.13 cfs (24 mgd) by OWRD until an updated WMCP demonstrating the need for access to additional supply is approved.

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Curtailment Levels and Event TriggersOAR 690-086-0160(2) and OAR 690-086-0160(3)Exhibit 4-1 summarizes the levels and initiating triggers for the City’s curtailment plan.EXHIBIT 4-1Water Shortage Levels and Initiating ConditionsShortage Level Initiating ConditionsLevel 1:Water Shortage Alert

1. General recognition of drought conditions in Klamath County2. Demand reaches 80% of water supply capacity as determined

by the City Administrator for a period of 3 or more consecutive days

3. Water supply approaches the minimum required for fire protection or other essential needs as determined by the City Administrator.

Level 2:Serious Water Shortage

1. Governor has declared a drought in Klamath County and the continuation of hot, dry weather is predicted

2. The City’s water demand is 81 to 90% of water supply capacity for 3 or more consecutive days as a result of a natural or human-caused event.

Level 3:Severe Water Shortage

Water demand is more than 90% of water supply capacity for 3 or more consecutive days for any reason, whether natural or human-caused.

Level 4:Critical Water Shortage

Failure of a system component or non-drought emergency conditions results in an immediate shortage of water. Examples include failure of main transmission line(s), failure of the intake or WTP, chemical spills, or a malevolent attack on the system that introduces a contaminant at some point in the system.

The City’s curtailment plan, presented here, has four water shortage levels that increase in severity:

Level 1 – Water Shortage Alert Level 2 – Serious Water Shortage Level 3 – Severe Water Shortage Level 4 – Critical Water Shortage

AuthorityThe City Administrator is authorized to institute emergency water curtailment measures after determining that a water shortage emergency condition exists. Such determination will be based on an analysis of the demand for water in the distribution system and the quantity of deliverable water available and storage recovery capabilities. The City Council will either ratify or invalidate the City Administrator’s determination at the next Council meeting following the determination.The City Administrator is authorized to terminate water curtailment measures after determining that a water shortage emergency condition no longer exists. The termination will become effective at the next Council meeting following the

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determination that the curtailment measures are no longer required, at which time the Council will either ratify or invalidate the determination.Additionally, the City has an approved Water Policy (amended 2002) that provides further guidance for handling water curtailment. The City updates the Water Policy regularly to provide up-to-date information regarding priority of water service.

Level 1: Water Shortage AlertIf there is a general recognition of drought conditions in Klamath County, demand reaches 80 percent of water supply capacity for a period of 3 or more days, or the water supply approaches the minimum required for fire protection or other essential needs, a Level 1 – Water Shortage Alert will be activated.Under a Water Shortage Alert, the City Administrator will issue a broad request, via local newspaper, radio, television, and the City’s Web site, for voluntary reduction in water use by all water customers. The request will include a summary of the current water situation, the reasons for the requested water reductions, and a statement that mandatory reductions will be necessary if the voluntary efforts are not sufficient to reduce peak water use by 10 percent. When Level 1 is triggered, the City will ask customers to voluntarily comply with the following:

No landscape watering between 10 a.m. and 8 p.m. (except for drip irrigation)

Outdoor irrigation on an odd/even schedule (odd-numbered houses water on odd-numbered days and even-numbered houses water on even-numbered days)

Level 2: Serious Water ShortageIf the Governor issues a drought declaration for Klamath County or water demand is 81 to 90 percent of water supply capacity for 3 or more consecutive days, a Level 2 – Serious Water Shortage determination will be issued.If the City Administrator issues a Level 2 – Serious Water Shortage determination, the following restrictions will be enacted:

1. Suburban area (outside the City limits) customers will be required to conduct outdoor watering according to an odd/even schedule

2. The following actions, which are defined in City code as “waste,” will be prohibited system wide (both suburban and urban areas):

Outdoor irrigation, excluding drip irrigation, between 10 a.m. and 8 p.m.

Irrigating in a manner that produces runoff for more than 5 minutes Washing sidewalks, walkways, streets, driveways, parking lots, open

ground, or other hard-surfaced areas, except where necessary for public health or safety

Not controlling a plumbing leak within 24 hours after discovering the leak

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Washing cars, boats, trailers, aircraft, or other vehicles by hose without using a shutoff nozzle, except if washing such vehicles at a commercial or fleet vehicle washing facilities using water recycling equipment

Offering water for consumption at a restaurant, hotel, café, cafeteria, or other public place where food is sold or served to any person unless expressly requested

Using water to clean, fill, or maintain decorative fountains, lakes, or ponds unless water is re-circulated

Using water for construction, except for building construction and preparation for painting (that is, dust abatement, aggregate compaction, etc.)

Filling swimming pools, including toy/play pools, with a capacity in excess of 100 gallons; however, water can be used to replace volume lost as a result of evaporation

Level 3: Severe Water ShortageIf water demand is greater than 90 percent of supply capacity for 3 or more consecutive days, a Level 3 – Severe Water Shortage determination will be issued by the City Administrator.In addition to the restrictions in Level 2, the following restrictions will be implemented under a Level 3 shortage:

1. Odd/even watering days for outdoor water use in the urban area (inside City limits).

2. All nonessential water uses will be prohibited within the suburban area. “Nonessential” water use, by customer category, is defined in City Code 4.390, but generally is determined to be the use of water in excess of 75 percent of prior year water consumption for commercial and industrial uses and daily usage allotments for residential use (that is, 120 gallons for one resident, etc.).

3. Irrigation of outside vegetation, except for trees, shrubs and food plants, will not be allowed for urban area customers.

4. A moratorium on new water service connections within the distribution system and water main extensions will be enacted.

Level 4: Critical Water ShortageIf there is a failure of a water system component or non-drought emergency conditions result in an immediate shortage of water, for any reason, a Level 4 – Critical Water Shortage determination will be issued by the City Administrator.In addition to the restrictions in Level 3, the following restrictions will be implemented under a Level 4 shortage;

1. All nonessential water uses will be prohibited for all customers (urban and suburban areas).

2. Irrigation of outside vegetation, except for trees, shrubs and food plants, will not be allowed for any customers.

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5. Water Supply

This section satisfies the requirements of OAR 690-086-0170.

This rule requires descriptions of the City’s current and future service area and population projections, demand projections for 10 and 20 years, and the schedule for when the City expects to fully exercise its water rights. The rule also requires comparison of the City’s projected water needs and the available sources of supply, an analysis of alternative sources of water, and a description of required mitigation actions.

Delineation of Service AreasOAR 690-086-0170(1) The City’s current service area includes all areas within the UGB, excluding OIT and three residential areas served by private water systems. Future service areas include the current service area, OIT, an area southwest of the UGB and an area adjoining the southeast border of the UGB. Appendix E shows the current and future service areas.

Population ProjectionsOAR 690-086-0170(1) Between 2001 and 2011, the populations of the City and Klamath County had an average annual population growth of 0.81 percent and 0.37 percent, respectively, according to the Portland State Population Research Center. To project the planning area population, the City’s average annual population growth of 0.81 percent was applied to the 2011 estimated planning area population of 46,000, which includes the population of the City plus the unincorporated areas within the UGB (Exhibit 5-1).

EXHIBIT 5-1City of Klamath Falls Service Area: Projected Population

Year Projected Population2012 46,3732022 50,2692032 54,492

Demand ForecastOAR 690-086-0170(3)The City’s 2010 Water Master Plan used a land-use based approach to develop water demand projections. This WMCP uses the same data for this demand forecast. The land use information for the demand forecast analysis was obtained from the City’s Community Development Department and the Klamath County Planning Department. Ultimate (build-out) land uses were obtained from the

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current City zoning map for the area within the City limits, the Klamath County adopted zoning and tax assessor parcel database for the unincorporated area, and the Basin View Specific Plan. Land use projections were based on the best available information regarding growth trends and approved and submitted plans.The City’s 2010 Water Master Plan specified three planning periods: existing, intermediate, and build-out. The master plan estimated that ultimate build-out would occur in 50 years or more, and intermediate development would occur in 10 years (2020). At build-out, the master plan assumes that the City will serve all areas within the UGB, except for the Southview and Ridgewater planned developments located on the northwestern side and the small Skyline Water District on the eastern side. Exhibit 5-2 provides a summary from the 2010 Water Master Plan of land use acres available within each customer category for each of the three planning periods.

EXHIBIT 5-2City of Klamath Falls: Summary of Land Use Acreages from 2010 Water Master Plan

Land Use Type Area (acres)Existing (1)

(2010)Intermediate

(2020)Build-out

ResidentialVery Low Density Residential 2,354 3,732 4,060Low Density Residential 1,974 2,364 4,407Medium Density Residential 1,640 1,931 2,332High Density Residential 456 609 836

Subtotal - Residential 6,424 8,636 11,635Non-ResidentialCommercial 1,268 1,594 1,649Light Industrial 347 674 702Heavy Industrial 969 2,392 2,527Public Facility - School 247 312 320Public Facility 1,672 1,936 2,193

Subtotal - Non-Residential 4,503 6,908 7,391Others (no City water service is planned for these land uses)Water Bodies (Lake, Ponds) 904 904 904Open Space, Special Reserve, No City Water Service, Right of Way (Freeways, Railroads)

1,626 1,828 2,616

Private Water Systems (for example, Southview, Ridgewater, Skyline)

1,795 1,795 1,795

Subtotal - Others 4,325 4,527 5,315Total 15,252 20,071 24,341

(1) Existing acreages include some anticipated developments with plans and/or tentative approval, although the customers may not yet be online.

The land-use based methodology uses land use information in conjunction with unit demand factors by land use type to estimate demand. The appropriate unit demand factor for each land use type is multiplied by the acres of land zoned for that use to estimate the demands for that type of land use. These demands then are totaled to obtain the total demand estimate.

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The City’s 2010 Water Master Plan used unit demand factors based on the land use types listed in Exhibit 5-3. This exhibit shows the unit demand factors used for ADD per acre (gallons per day per acre [gpd/ac]) from previous master plans. These unit demand factors include 15 percent unaccounted-for water.2 The recommended unit demand factors were used to develop the demand projections for all the planning scenarios: existing, intermediate, and build-out. A sensitivity analysis also was integrated into the unit demand factors.

EXHIBIT 5-3Unit Demand Factors for Average Day Demand from 2010 Water Master Plan (1)

Land Use Type Recommended Unit Demand Factors Used for All Scenarios

in 2010 Master Plan (gpd/ac)

Sensitivity Analysis using Higher Build-out Unit Demand Factors from 2004 Master Plan

(gpd/ac)

ResidentialVery Low Density Residential (10,000 SF minimum lot size, 4.4 units/ac)

700 1450 (3)

Low Density Residential (7,000 SF minimum lot size, 6.2 units/ac)

1100 2050 (3)

Medium Density Residential (5,000 SF minimum lot size, 8.7 units/ac)

1600 2450 (3)

High Density Residential (10 to 24 units/acre, used average value of 17 units/acre)

2000 4250 (3)

Non-ResidentialCommercial 650 1300 (4)

Light Industrial 650 1300 (4)

Heavy Industrial 650 1300 (4)

Public Facility - School 850 850 (2)

Public Facility 100 200 (2)

OthersLake, Ponds 0 0Open Space, Special Reserve, No City Water Service, Private Water System, Right of Way

0 0

(1) The unit demand factors include an allowance for unaccounted-for water.(2) The unit demand factors for public facilities and schools assume that in the future the large landscape areas associated with

these facilities are not irrigated with City water except in such cases where no other irrigation water source is available. Irrigation water is assumed to be provided from private irrigation wells or irrigation canals.

(3) For the sensitivity analysis, the higher build-out unit demand factors per acre for future residential development were estimated based on the number of allowable units at the minimum lot size and estimated usage per unit, which typically decreases per unit as the density increases due to less outdoor water use. Future unit demand factors for very low and low density residential development areas were estimated at 330 gallons per day per residential unit, which is the same as for the previous Master Plan, since the demand per unit including unaccounted-for water was similar for the 2007 data as for the previous 2002 data. The build-out unit demand factors for medium density and high density residential were adjusted slightly from the 2004 Master Plan. Future medium density residential unit demand was estimated at 280 gallons per day per unit (85 percent of low density); and high density residential at 250 gallons per day per unit (75 percent of low density).

(4) For the sensitivity analysis, the higher build-out unit demand factors for non-residential uses were based on analysis conducted as part of the City’s 2004 Master Plan, and experience with other master plans.

According to the City’s Water Master Plan unit demand factors were derived by relating historical water consumption data to the planned land uses and existing 2 Due to the City’s continuing efforts to reduce unaccounted-for water through conservation measures and improvement in water accounting, the unaccounted-for water for 2011, which was 16.5 percent, is down significantly from previous years. Further reductions in unaccounted-for water may occur and should be re-evaluated in future WMCP updates.

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acreages served. Representative existing unit demand factors for the current service area were determined on a system-wide basis for residential and non-residential land uses based on existing demand and land use information. The unit demand factors assume that in the future the City will not be providing irrigation water for large landscape areas, such as parks, schools, and medians, except in such cases where no other irrigation water source is available. For the intermediate and build-out planning scenarios, irrigation water for large landscape areas is assumed to private (non-municipal) irrigation wells or irrigation canals.

At this time, the City is unaware of any new industrial/commercial users that intend to locate within the service area, however the City is contacted regularly by such users about the possibility of locating a commercial or industrial business within the service area. There are 14 current or anticipated residential development areas within the City’s service area; six of those are partially developed however with the current economic conditions the City does not expect any immediate large scale development in these residential areas but must be prepared for when these planned developments do occur. The Kingsley Field Air Force base does have potential for expanding operations however the City does not expect significant increase in water demand as housing for base staff is generally located off base and fire protections systems on the base are chemical systems.

Demand Projection SummaryAs explained above, the City’s 2010 Water Master Plan used the land-use based method to project future water demand; this involved identifying all undeveloped areas within the service area, the land use through current zoning, undeveloped acreages within each type of land use zone and undeveloped lots in each type of land use zone. Average day demand for each land use type (residential, commercial and industrial) was calculated by multiplying the estimated number of acres served by the specific land use type by the historical unit demand factor per acre. Using the projected MDD for the three planning scenarios provided in the 2010 Water Master Plan (as shown in Table 4-8 in Appendix F), MDDs were projected for 10 and 20 years. The projected MDD was determined by applying a peaking factor of 2.3, provided in Table 4-8 of the City’s Water Master Plan in Appendix F, to the projected ADDs shown in Table 4-7of the City’s Master Plan, also in Appendix F. The 2010 Water Master Plan included a 10-year projection, but not the 20-year projection needed for the planning period of this WMCP. To estimate projected demand in 2032, the average annual change in MDD from 2022 to 2062 (the years associated with the intermediate and build-out scenarios) was determined by calculating the projected difference in demand and then dividing by the difference in years. This calculation resulted in an average annual increase in MDD of 0.20 mgd. Exhibit 5-4 presents the 10-year and 20-year projected MDDs.

EXHIBIT 5-4City of Klamath Falls Projected Future Demand

Year Projected ADD

(mgd)

Projected ADD (cfs)

Projected MDD

(mgd)

Projected MDD (cfs)

2022 13.8 21.35 31.7 49.05

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2032 14.7 22.74 33.7 52.14

Schedule to Exercise Permits and Comparison of Projected Need to Available SourcesOAR 690-086-0170(2) and (4)The City relies solely on groundwater to meet its municipal demand. Based on current projections, using land-use based methodology from the City’s 2010 Water Master Plan, the City anticipates the need for 31.7 mgd (49.0 cfs) by 2022 and 33.7 mgd (52.1 cfs) by 2032 to meet its MDDs. Although the City holds water rights with a total combined maximum authorized rate of 37.82 mgd (58.51 cfs), six of the water rights (permits G-13109, G-12798, G-12799, G-12800, G-12886, and G-13234) are conditioned to limit the City’s total diversion, for all rights under the same lands, to 33.75 mgd (52.22 cfs) “or a lesser amount if delineated in the WMCP.” OWRD’s approval of the City’s 1998 WMCP further limited the City’s total rate of diversion to 24 mgd (37.13 cfs) until an updated WMCP demonstrating the need for access to additional supply is approved. According to the demand projections outlined in the City’s 2010 Water Master Plan, access to water beyond the current limitation of 24 mgd (37.13 cfs) will be required to meet projected demands in the 20-year planning period. The projected MDDs also show the need for the City to access its full water right capacity (37.82 mgd) by approximately 2052. The existing water source for the City, the regional aquifer, has proven reliable to-date. However, declines in groundwater levels in Klamath Basin have been occurring during the current drought cycle. Nonetheless, the aquifer is expected to provide sufficient water supply to meet the City’s water demands.

Alternative Sources OAR 690-086-0170(5)As described above, the City relies exclusively on groundwater supply for municipal water. The City does not hold surface water rights for municipal use, and it is unlikely that the City could obtain new surface water rights because of fish protection issues, a lack of available surface water, regulatory requirements, and the financial constraints of building a surface water treatment plant.The City’s water management and conservation measures are expected to slow the growth of demand for water, but are not likely to eliminate all such growth. The City intends to implement the various water management and conservation practices outlined in this WMCP in an effort to maximize the benefits of conservation.The City does not have interconnections with other municipal supply systems, as no other municipal water systems exist in the area. Within the Klamath Basin, there are a few small quasi-municipal systems, but they do not have supplies sufficient to make cooperative regional water management plans or interconnections feasible.

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The City anticipates that it will need access to an additional 9.7 mgd under its existing water rights to meet its projected 20-year demand.  This constitutes an approximately 29 percent increase in the City’s water demand.  Although the City intends to diligently implement its conservation benchmarks, it is not realistic to expect the implementation of conservation measures to yield a water savings of 29 percent for a municipal water supplier in Oregon.  As a result, regardless of the cost of the conservation measures implemented, the City cannot meet its projected 2032 MDD solely through the implementation of conservation measures and will need to rely on further development of its groundwater source. 

Quantification of Projected Maximum Rate and Monthly VolumeOAR 690-086-0170(6)OAR 690-086-0170(6) requires a quantification of the maximum rate of withdrawal and maximum monthly use if any expansion or initial diversion of water allocated under an existing permit is necessary to meet demands in the 20-year planning period. As described above, the City will need access to more of its existing water supply than is currently authorized by OWRD. Within the 20-year planning period of this WMCP, the City projects that it will need access to 33.7 mgd (52.14 cfs) of its authorized water right certificates, transfer, and permits. The maximum monthly volume, based on a 24-hour daily pumping cycle for 1 month, is 1,011 million gallons (MG), which may include up to 0.27 MG from permit G-13109.

Mitigation Actions under State and Federal LawOAR 690-086-0170(7)Under OAR 690-086-0170(7), for expanded or initial diversion of water under an existing permit, the water supplier is to describe mitigation actions it is taking to comply with legal requirements of the Endangered Species Act, Clean Water Act, and other applicable state or federal environmental regulations. The City is not aware of any state and federal mitigation requirements that are applicable to the City’s water use.

New Water RightsOAR 690-086-0170(8)Under OAR 690-086-0170(8), if a municipal water supplier finds it necessary to acquire new water rights within the next 20 years to meet its projected demand, an analysis of alternative sources of the additional water is required. The analysis must consider availability, reliability, feasibility, and likely environmental impacts and a schedule for development of the new sources of water. The City does not intend to acquire new water rights within the next 20 years.

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