1http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

SAF=Satellite Application FacilitySAF=Satellite Application Facility• Distributed MSG/Metop ground segmentDistributed MSG/Metop ground segment

• Other SAFS: NWP, Nowcasting, Climate, LandOther SAFS: NWP, Nowcasting, Climate, Land

• To provide satellite derived products for use in To provide satellite derived products for use in the meteorological/oceanographic the meteorological/oceanographic communities.communities.

Søren Andersen, Morten LindRasmus Tonboe, DMI Steinar Eastwood, Vibeke Thyness, Harald Schyberg, Lars-Anders Breivik,Øystein Godøy, Jørg Haarpainter met.no

2http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

OSI SAF organisationOSI SAF organisation Consortium led by Consortium led by

Meteo-FranceMeteo-France High-latitude center High-latitude center

led by met.no led by met.no 2 ice services2 ice services Backup / complementary Backup / complementary

production schemeproduction scheme Shared responsibility for Shared responsibility for

validationvalidation

EUMETSAT

Meteo-France /CMS

Met.no /Norw. IceService

DMI /Greenl. Ice

Service

High latitude center

SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

3http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

General ObjectivesGeneral Objectives Satellite derived Parameters describing the Satellite derived Parameters describing the

interface between atmosphere and oceaninterface between atmosphere and ocean 10 km resolution, covering Atlantic Ocean 10 km resolution, covering Atlantic Ocean Quantities to be calculated:Quantities to be calculated:

Ice concentration Ice concentration Ice edge Ice edge Ice typeIce type Radiative FluxesRadiative Fluxes Sea Surface TemperatureSea Surface Temperature

4http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Sea Ice ObjectivesSea Ice ObjectivesFinal productsFinal products

Ice edge retrieved using SSM/I, Ice edge retrieved using SSM/I, scatterometer and AVHRR expressed as scatterometer and AVHRR expressed as probability of ice infestation.probability of ice infestation.

Dominant ice type using SSM/I, Dominant ice type using SSM/I, scatterometer and AVHRR expressed as scatterometer and AVHRR expressed as probability of ice infestation with given type probability of ice infestation with given type of ice.of ice.

Total sea ice concentration from SSM/I and Total sea ice concentration from SSM/I and possibly AVHRR.possibly AVHRR.

5http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

AvailabilityAvailability•Downloaded from the HL center homepage

•Distributed via EUMETCAST

•Pushed by internet or RMDCN.

6http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Odden Jan-Feb 2004Odden Jan-Feb 2004

7http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

ValidationValidationConcentration (weekly charts)

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Match +/- 10 % Match +/- 20 %

Ice edge (weekly charts)

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Match (ice) SAF underestimates SAF overestimates

Objective validation Objective validation is done routinely is done routinely against DMI and against DMI and met.no ice analyses met.no ice analyses based on AVHRR based on AVHRR and/or SAR dataand/or SAR data

Summer conditions Summer conditions are problematicare problematic

East Greenland East Greenland concentrations are concentrations are consistently lowconsistently low

8http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Ongoing developmentOngoing development Internal developmentInternal development

Global coverage (summer 2004)*Global coverage (summer 2004)* Quikscat/Seawinds (2004)*Quikscat/Seawinds (2004)* Use of SSMIS sounding channels (2005)Use of SSMIS sounding channels (2005) Improved use of AVHRR (METOP/2007)Improved use of AVHRR (METOP/2007) ASCAT (METOP/2007)ASCAT (METOP/2007)

EU funded projectsEU funded projects IOMASA, improved ice conc. (2003-2006)IOMASA, improved ice conc. (2003-2006) Mersea, ASAR global mode, AMSR (Apr. 2004)Mersea, ASAR global mode, AMSR (Apr. 2004)

9http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Atmospheric correction of passive microwave obs.Atmospheric correction of passive microwave obs. Uses NWP model estimates of water vapour and windUses NWP model estimates of water vapour and wind

Operational MethodsOperational Methods

10http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Global coverageGlobal coverage

25 km resolution

Northern and southern hemisphere products

Atmospheric corrections from ECMWF global analysis/forecast

11http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Bayesian approach for ice detection:Bayesian approach for ice detection:

Multi sensor approachMulti sensor approach

)|()|(

)|()|(

waterApiceAp

iceApAicep

)()()|(...)()|(

)|(...)|()|(),...,|(

1

211 k

jjjnjj

knkknk IP

IPIApIPIAp

IApIApIApAAIP

Extended to combine several satellite observed Extended to combine several satellite observed parameters into an optimal ice class analysisparameters into an optimal ice class analysis

Estimate ice class including measure of uncertaintyEstimate ice class including measure of uncertainty

12http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

QuikScat QuikScat

Better determination of MY ice than SSM/I

More details in ice edge

Will be added to multi-sensor scheme in 2004

QuikScatSSM/I

•A priori statistics compiled from colocation with DMI ice charts•Quantities used: Polarization ratio

Mean horizontal backscatter Mean vertical backscatter

13http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Quikscat exampleQuikscat example

Ice type 18 Febr – 4 March 2004Ice type 18 Febr – 4 March 2004

14http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Ice detection using AVHRR channel Ice detection using AVHRR channel 3A (1.6 3A (1.6 μμm)m)

Examples from April 2003Examples from April 2003

15http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Combinations of AVHRR channelsCombinations of AVHRR channels

RGB 1+2+4

T4-T5

A2/A1

A3/A1

16http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Training the systemTraining the system

Manually picking out areas where we are certain of the surface Manually picking out areas where we are certain of the surface type.type.

Creating dataset based on these areasCreating dataset based on these areas Make sure that the dataset contains different types of ice & Make sure that the dataset contains different types of ice &

clouds, and different sun angles.clouds, and different sun angles.

Ice Ice

Cloud Cloud

RGB (1+2+4) Channel A3/A1

17http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Cloud

Sea

Ice

Channel A2 / Channel A1

Cha

nnel

A3

/ C

hann

el A

1

IceIce//CloudCloud/Sea separability/Sea separabilityResults for April 2003Results for April 2003

18http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

Further plansFurther plans

Analyze one full year of AVHRR Analyze one full year of AVHRR passages over North Atlantic / Arcticpassages over North Atlantic / Arctic

Create PDF’s for the different surface Create PDF’s for the different surface signaturessignatures

Include new AVHRR method in O&SI-Include new AVHRR method in O&SI-SAF ice cover productSAF ice cover product

19http://saf.met.no SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice

CollaborationCollaboration Visiting scientist opportunitiesVisiting scientist opportunities

Can be found on EUMETSAT web pageCan be found on EUMETSAT web page New projects can be proposed New projects can be proposed A way to cooperate internationallyA way to cooperate internationally Previous visitors/visits:Previous visitors/visits:

University of Bremen (1-2), NIC (3), CIS (1), University University of Bremen (1-2), NIC (3), CIS (1), University of Dundee (1)of Dundee (1)

International Ice Charting Working GroupInternational Ice Charting Working Group Cooperation agreements with NIC and CIS on Cooperation agreements with NIC and CIS on

validationvalidation Scientific coordinationScientific coordination