19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th...

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Rehabilitating 19 th Century Bridges using 19 th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New England Gilford, NH, USA [email protected]

Transcript of 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th...

Page 1: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions

Presented byTimothy Andrews

Owner ofBarns & Bridges Of New England

Gilford, NH, [email protected]

Page 2: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Original builder Joseph G. Johnson

Page 3: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Cecil Wig Newspaper advertisementCecil Wig Newspaper advertisement Request for proposalsDesign/Build specifications

Page 4: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Gilpin’s Falls before rehabilitation‐ lateral bow 18.5”, 12.5” sag

Page 5: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Arch/ bottom chord failure

Page 6: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Typical shear key failure

Page 7: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

1930’s splice plate accelerated decay

Page 8: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Embedded arch ends, bottom chord 

Page 9: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Embedded arch bearing timbers; severe decay at arch contact points

Page 10: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Too far gone to repair. Note squirrel nest

Page 11: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Water fed decay from post/ brace “step” clear through to chord connection

Page 12: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Bid specs for bottom chord  included epoxy bonding all shear connections

Page 13: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Bottom chord splice details

Page 14: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Design change for shear connections‐ double the inclusion, double the shear “heads”

Page 15: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Modified shear connection

Page 16: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Double shear daps chord splice ‐note preservative treatment

Page 17: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Design arch replacements changed spatial relationship, created multiple “hinges”

Page 18: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Arch spatial relationship

Page 19: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

10” of camber restored, self supporting bridge

Page 20: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Original White Pine floor beam reinforced 

Page 21: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Floor beam framed through mid span king post

Page 22: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Replaced non historical Ash floor beam with historically correct White pine

Page 23: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Tight joinery, preservative treatment at member interface, bolt head orientation

Page 24: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

In kind replacements in materials and craftsmanship

Page 25: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Embedded arch bearing timbers  installed in 1959 

Page 26: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Design change‐ end posts atop concrete footings Black Locust spacers below

Page 27: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

New concrete thrust wall, gaps designed to facilitate free movement of air

Page 28: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Locust wedges separate arch ends and post from concrete 

Page 29: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Vertical air shaft created for free movement of air @ chord, floor beam

Page 30: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Original shelter panel detail

Page 31: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Restored shelter panel sill separated from concrete with Locust spacer

Page 32: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Shear failure post top

Page 33: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Initial glue repair

Page 34: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Second glue up of repair

Page 35: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Prep for third glue up tight fitting Dutchman

Page 36: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Completed repair

Page 37: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Hidden repair, epoxy used for shallow pockets

Page 38: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Clothespin scarf on truss brace

Page 39: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

In line arch Dutchman repair

Page 40: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Pre construction floor plank arrangement 

Page 41: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

“A Series of Directions to Builders “ 

By Col. Stephen H. Long 

First published in the 1830’s 

In addition to the floor timbers heretofore described, the flooring of the bridge comprises the following parts viz: flooring joists, flooring plank, flooring guards and floor binders The floor joists should be laid lengthwise of the bridgeand floor binders. The floor joists should be laid lengthwise of the bridge.

The floor guards consist of timbers placed edgewise in contact with the posts and on both sides of the roadway, the lower edge being coincident with the lower side of the floor plank. 

The floor binders are ribands of any convenient dimensions attached to the guards in a manner to confine the ends of the floor plank and keep them in theirproper places. 

In cases here all the parts of the flooring are here considered are applied noIn cases where all the parts of the flooring are here considered, are applied, no nails spikes or treenails will be required. 

 

Page 42: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Nail free floor reproduced matching the original 

Page 43: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Wood never in contact with concrete or ground

Page 44: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

1909 photo note camber

Page 45: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

1999 photo

Page 46: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

2010 photo

Page 47: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

2010 photo

Page 48: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

7300 # vehicle, 1/16 “ deflection recorded by strain gauge 

Page 49: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

10”x16” post timber, 2nd shipment, high quality material

Page 50: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

For the fun of it, original means and methods

Page 51: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Preparing to “wet the bow” when last frame member in place

Page 52: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Close to completion

Page 53: 19th Century Bridges - Institute for Transportation...Rehabilitating 19th Century Bridges using 19th Century Solutions Presented by Timothy Andrews Owner of Barns & Bridges Of New

Photo credits .

Kinsley Construction ( General Contractor)

Tim Andrews

Will Truax

Jeremy Woodliff

Earl Simmers

Of the four awards given for the project the most notable were;

The American Public Works Association Virginia/DC/Maryland Chapter 2010 project of the year award for historical restoration 

And the

2011 Maryland Historical Trust Preservation Award for Project Excellence

The NPS prepared a case study of the rehabilitation that will be transmitted to the Library of Congress


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