4a 4a Lexical analysis CMSC 331, Some material © 1998 by Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.1 The Challenge of Applying IT Successfully 1.
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Transcript of ©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.1 The Challenge of Applying IT Successfully 1.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.1
The Challenge of Applying ITSuccessfully
1
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.2
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.3
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
CUSTOMER
Person who purchases books
Wholesalers that supply the books
Amazon.com’s shipping department
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.4
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
PRODUCT
Information about books that might be purchased
Information describing each book order
Books that are eventually delivered
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.5
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
BUSINESS PROCESS
Major Steps:
•Purchaser logs on to www.amazon.com
•Purchaser identifies desired book or gives search criteria
•Purchaser looks at book-related information and decides what to order
•Purchaser enters order
•Amazon.com orders book from wholesaler
•Wholesaler sends book to Amazon.com
•Shipping department packages order and sends it to the purchaser
Rationale:
Instead of forcing book buyers to go to typical bookstores, permit them to use online access from home or from work.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.6
Table 1.1Amazon.com Provides a New Way to Shop for Books
PARTICIPANTS
People interested in purchasing books
Order fulfillment department of wholesaler
Shipping department of Amazon.com
INFORMATION
Orders for books
Price and other information about each book
TECHNOLOGY
Personal computer used by purchaser
Computers and networks used by Amazon.com for order processing
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.7
Figure 1.1Four phases of a system
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.8
Figure 1.2CAD in unexpected places
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.9
Figure 1.3Customers link to suppliers using EDI
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.10
Figure 1.4Building a customized bicycle
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.11
Table 1.2The Four P’s of Marketing at Amazon.com
PRODUCTAmazon.com offers 2.5 million books for sale.
PRICEAlthough Amazon.com charges for delivery, it can offer deep discounts for some books because it does not have to pay forrent for retail stores and because its inventory costs are low.
PLACECustomers buy books from their homes or offices instead of going to a book store.
PROMOTIONAmazon.com provides extensive background information about some books. It promotes its business be advertising on other Web sites and through traditional media such as radio.
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.12
Table 1.3Six Data Processing Functions Performed by Information Technology
FUNCTION: CAPTURE
Definition: Obtain a representation of information in a form permitting it to be transmitted or stored
Example: Keyboard, bar code scanner, document scanner, optical character recognition, sound recorder, video camera, voice recognition software
FUNCTION: TRANSMIT
Definition: Move information from one place to another
Example: Broadcast radio, broadcast television via regional transmitters, cable TV, satellite broadcasts, telephone networks, data transmission networks for moving business data, fiber optic cable, fax machine, electronic mail, voice mail, internet
FUNCTION: STORE
Definition: Move information to a specific place for later retrieval
Example: Paper, computer tape, floppy disk, hard disk, optical disk, CD-ROM, flash memory
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.13
Table 1.3Six Data Processing Functions Performed by Information Technology
FUNCTION: RETRIEVE
Definition: Find the specific information that is currently needed
Example: Paper, computer tape, floppy disk, hard disk, optical disk,
CD-ROM, flash memory
FUNCTION: MANIPULATE
Definition: Create new information from existing information through summarizing, sorting, rearranging, reformatting, or other types of calculations
Example: Computer (plus software)
FUNCTION: DISPLAY
Definition: Show information to a person
Example: Laser printer, computer screen
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.14
Figure 1.6Comparison of a vacuum tube and an integrated circuit
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.15
Table 1.4Progress in Memory Chip Capacity Since 1973
1973197619791982198519881991199419972000
1 kilobit4 kilobit
16 kilobit64 kilobit
256 kilobit1 megabit4 megabit
16 megabit64 megabit
256 megabit
1,0244,096
16,38465,536
262,1441,048,5764,194,304
16,777,21667,108,864
268,435,456
Approximate dateof widespreadcommercial availability Type of chip
Capacity in number of bits
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.16
Figure 1.7Using a portable computer to give parking tickets
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.17
Figure 1.8Convergence of computing and communications
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.18
Figure 1.9Example of the convergence of computing and communications
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.19
Figure 1.10A leading edge flat panel monitor and a computer terminal from the 1980s
©1999 Addison Wesley Longman Slide 1.20
Figure 1.11Example of the positive and negative impacts of technical change
