1996 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGS

Edited By

J O H N M. CHARNES University of Kansas

DOUGLAS J. M O R R I C E University of Texas

DANIEL T. B R U N N E R Systemflow Simulations, Inc.

J A M E S J. SWAIN University of Alabama in Huntsville

Hotel Del Coronado Coronado, California

8-11 December 1996

Contents

Preface From thc Editors xix About the Editors xxi

About the Conference Sponsoring Organizations xxiii WSC Board of Direktors xxiv WSC'96 Conference Committee xxv WSC'96 Program Committee xxvi Referees xxvii The Winter Simulation Conferences xxviii

Keynote Address Simulating Scmicotiduc.tor Maiiufacturiiig Systems: Snccesses, Failuies, and Deep Questions 3 K. Kempf

Introductory Tutorials An Introduction to Simulation Modeling 15 M. A. Centeno

Inside Simulation Software: How It Works and Why It Matters 23 T. J. Schriber and D. T. Brunner

Software for Simulation 31 J. Banks

Discrete Event Simulation Input Process Modeling 39 L. M. Leemis

Statistical Issues in Simulation 47 W. D. Kelton

Verifying and Validating Simulation Models 55 R. G. Sargent

Design of Object-Oriented Simulations in C + + 65 J. A. Joincs and S. D. Roberts

Simulation of Communications Networks 73 A. M. Law and M. G. McComas

Introduction to Simulation in Health Gare 78 J. C. Lowery

Introduction to Maiiufacturiiig Applications 85 G. M. Clark

Business Process Simulation 93 K. Tumay

v

VI Contents

Advanced Tutorials

Virtual Reality and Simulation 101 M. Barnes

So You Want to be a Simulation Consultant 111 J. S. Carson II

Supporting Manufacturing With Simulation: Model Design, Development, and Deployment 114 F. Chance, J. Robinson, and J. Fowler

Batching Methods in Simulation Output Analysis: What We Know and What We Don't 122 B. W. Schmeiser and W. T. Song

Principles of Conservative Parallel Simulation 128 D. M. Nicol

Perils and Pitfalls of Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation 136 R. L. Bagrodia

New Advances and Applications of Combining Simulation and Optimization 144 F. Glover, J. P. Kelly, and M. Laguna

Modeling with Event Graphs 153 A. H. Buss

Introduction & Overview of "Artificial Life"—Evolving Intelligent Agents for Modeling & Simulation . 161 A. M. Wildberger

State-of-the-Art Reviews

Developing A Real-Time Emulation/Simulation Capability for the Control Architecture to the RAMP FMS 171

W. J. Davis, J. G. Macro, A. L. Brook, M. S. Lee, and G. S. Zhou

Distributed Interactive Simulation: Its Past, Present, and Future 179 D. Fullford

Adaptive ProtocoLs for Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation 186 S. R. Das

Advanced Tutorial—Simulation-Based Scheduling and Control 194 B. A. Peters, J. S. Smith, J. Curry, C. LaJimodiere, and G. R. Drake

Selection of Input Models Using Bootstrap Goodness-of-fit 199 R. C. H. Cheng, W. Holland, and N. A. Hughes

Modeling and Simulating Time Series Input Processes with ARTAFACTS and ARTAGEN 207 M. C. Cario

Implementing the Batch Means Method in Simulation Experiments 214 C. Alexopoulos and A. F. Seila

Estimating Steady State Mean from Short Transient Simulations 222 P. A. Voss, J. Haddock, and T. R. Willemain

Independent Verification and Vatidation: A Missing Link in Simulation Methodology? 230 J. D. Arthur and R. E. Nance

Contents vn

Analysis Methodology

Sensitivity Analysis Computational Structure of a Performance Asscssment Involving Stochastic and Subjective Uncertainty 239 J. C. Heiton

Five-stage Procedure for the Evaluation of Simulation Models through Statistical Techniques 248 J. P. C. Kleijnen

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Studie« of Models of Environmental Systems 255 E. M. Scott

Non-Uniform Random Variate Generation The Hit-and-Run Sampler: A Globally Reaching Markov Chain Sampler for Generating Arbitrary

Multivariate Distributions 260 R. L. Smith

Random Variate Generation in One Line of Code , 265 L. Devroye

Importance Sampling for Markov Chams: Computing Variance and Determining Optimal Measures . 273 I. Kuraganti and S. Strickland

Discrete Optimization and Selection Selecting the Best System in Transient Sirnulations with Variances Known 281 H. Damerdji, P. W. Glynn, M. K. Nakayama, and J. R. Wilson

Getting Morc from the Data in a Multinornial Selection Problem 287 J. 0 . Miller, B. L. Nelson, and C. H. Reilly

A Comparisoii of Perturbation Analysis Techniques 295 M. C. Fii and J.-Q. Hu

Rare Event Simulation Splitting for Rare Event Simulation: Analysis of Simple Cases 302 P. Glasserman, P. Heidelberger, P. Shahabuddin, and T. Zajic

Importance Sampling for Large ATM-Typc Queueing Networks 309 P. L'Eeuyer and Y. Champoux

A Framework for Rare Event Simulation of Stochastic Petri Nets using "RESTART" 317 C. Kelüng

Simulation Optimization Grid-Based Simulation and The Method of Conditional Least Squares 325 K. B. Ensor and P. W. Glynn

Simulation Based Optimization 332 A. Shapiro

Sample-Path Solution of Stochastic Variational Inequalitics, With Applications to Option Pricing . . . 337 G. Gürkan, A. Y. Özge, and S. M. Robinson

Veriücation and Validation Sonic Subjective Validation Methods Using Graphical Displays of Data 345 R. G. Sargent

Validation of Trace-driven Simulation Models: Regression Analysis Revisited 352 J. P. C. Kleijnen, B. Bettonvil, and W. van Groenendaal

Vill Contents

On the Anomaly of RanlQ in Monte Carlo Pricing of Financial Derivatives 360 A. Tajirna, S. Ninomiya, and S. Tezuka

Output Analysis Using Null Effects Estimators in the Analysis of Simulation Output 367 L. W. Schruben, D. Goldsman, and D. J. Morrice

Two-stage Procedures for Multiple Comparisons with a Control in Steady-State Simulations 372 H. Damcrdji and M. K. Nakayama

Parallel Simulation by Time Segmentation: Methodology and Applications 376 M. Hoseyni-Nasab and S. Androdottir

Run Allocation Strategies Experimental Evaluation of Confidenc.e Interval Procedures in Sequential Steady-State Simulation . . 382 D. C. McNickle, K. Pawlikowski, and G. Ewing

The RESTART/LRE Method for Rare Event Simulation 390 C. Görg and F. Schreiber

A Gradient Approach for Smartly Allocating Computing Budget for Discrete Event Simulation . . . . 398 C.-H. Chen, H.-C. Chen, and L. Dai

Process Improvement and Meta.mod.els Discrete Stochastic Optirnization via a Modification of the Stochastic Ruler Method 406 M. H. Alrefaei and S. Androdottir

Variante Property of Discontinuous Perturbation Analysis 412 L. Shi

Fuzzy Graph Based Metamodeling , 418 K. P. Huber, M. R. Berthold, and H. Szczerbicka

Software/Modelware Tutorials

Introduction to Work Flow Modeting with BPSimulator 429 D. Lazzari and R. Crosslin

Simulation for High Speed Processing 432 D. T. Sturrock and G. R. Drake

ARENA Software Tutorial 437 N. A. Markovitch and D. M. Profozich

MedModel Healthcare Simulation Software 441 D. F. Carroll

Simulation Modcling and Optirnization Using ProModel 447 D. Benson

Simulation Using GPSS/H 453 R. C. Crain

The Power and Performance of Proof Animation 460 J. O. Henriksen

An Introduction to SLX 468 J. 0 . Henrikyen

Tutorial on ProSim: A Knowledge-Based Simulation Model Design Tool 476 M. Lingmeni, R. J. Mayer, B. Caraway, and P. C. Benjamin

Contents ix

AweSim: The Integrated Simulation System 481 A. A. B. Pritsker and J. J. O'Reilly

Making Better Manufacturing Decisions With AIM 485 J. N. Ehrlich and W. R. Lilegdon

AutoStat: Output Statistical Aualysis for AutoMod Users 492 J. S. Carson II

AutoMod Tutorial 500 M. W. Rohrer

AutoSched Tutorial 506 M. W. Rohrer

Advanced Uses for Micro Saint Simulation Software 510 C. E. Drury and K. R. Laughcry

CSIM18—The Simulation Engine 517 H. Schwetman

ALPHA/SIM Simulation Software Tutorial 522 K. E. Moore and J. E. Brciman

Business Process Modeling with SIMPROCESS 530 M. Biimn

Conducting Experiments with Experiment Manager 535 M. Angel

MODSIM III—A Tutorial 542 A. Muliarney

Introduction to the Witness Visual Interactive Simulator and OLEII Automation 547 W. B. Thompson

BestFit, Distribution-fitting Software by Palisade Corporation 551 L. Jankauskas and S. McLafferty

An Object-Oriented Phone Center Model Using SIMPLE++ 556 G. A. Lcvasseur

Strategie Layout Plamiiug and Simulation for Lean Manufacturing: A LayOPT Tutorial 564 E. S. Grajo

Taylor II Manufacturing Simulation Software 569

C. B. King-

Time Machine—The Dynamic Worksheet 574 W. B. Nordgrcn

Modeling with Extend 578 D. Krahl

A Systematic Approach to Factory Layout and Design with FACTORYPLAN, FACTORYOPT, and FACTORYFLOW 584

D. P. Sly

ExpertFit; Total Support for Simulation Input Modeling 588 A. M. Law and M. G. McComas

X Contents

Modeling Methodology

Network Simulation A Trace-Based Approach for Modeling Wireless Channel Behavior 597 G. T. Nguyen, R. H. Katz, B. Noble, and M, Satyanarayanan

Parallel Simulation Environment for Mobile Wireless Networks 605 W. Liu, C.-C. Chiang, H.-K. Wu, V. Jha, M. Gerla, and R. Bagrodia

A CORBA Facility for Network Simulation 613 C.-C. Shen

Performance Issues in Parallel Simulation Performance Comparison of High-Level Algebraic Nets Distributed Simulation Protocols 621 K. Djemame, D. C. Gilles, M. Bettaz, and L. M. Mackenzie

A Performance Analysis Model for Distributed Simulations 629 D. B. Cavitt, C. M. Overstreet, and K. J. Maly

A Testbed for Parallel Simulation Performance Prediction 637 A, Ferscha and J. Johnson

Parallel Optimistic Simulation Logical Process Size in Parallel Simulations G45 F. Hao, K. Wilson, R. Fujimoto, and E. Zegura

Event Sensitive State Saving in Time Warp Parallel Discrete Event Simulations 653 S. Sköld and R. Rönngren

Event Scheduling Scheines for Time Warp on Distributed Systems 661 E. Choi and D. Min

HCl and Virtual Reality Virtual Reality and Simulation: An Overview . . . R. Macredie, S. J. E. Taylor, X. Yu, and R. Keeble

Model Development and HCl M. Pidd

Model Speciücation HCl and Simulation Packages J. Kuljis

Soft Systems Methodology and Simulation Modeling B. Lehaney and R. 3. Paul

Progress in Modular Simulation Environments C. R. Standridge, J. F. Kelly, T. Kelley, and J. Walther

669

675

681

687

695

701

708

714

721 Five Simple Principles of Modelimg M. Pidd

Enhancing Simulation Education with Intelligent Tutoring Systems S. J. Taylor and J. Siemer

Redundancy in Model Representation: A Blessing or a Curse? R. E. Nance, C. M. Overstreet, and E. H. Page

Simulation Environments I Efficient Simulation Model Generation Using Automatic Programming Techniques J. Lee and S. Kane

Contents XI

Simulation Environments II Simulation: "What to Do With the Model Afterward" 729 D. J. Muller

Goal-Driven-Simulation Intelligent Back Ends: State of the Art Review 734 L. A. Molina, C. Gandarillas, and M. A. Centeno

Comparison of Simulation Environments Through Analytic Hierarchy Process 740 S. C. Karacal, T. G. Beaumariage, and Z. A. Karacal

Model Abstraction and Multimodeling Abstraction Mechanisms in Discrete Event Inductive Modeling 748 H. S. Sarjoughian and B. P. Zeigler

Parameter Identification Methods for Metamodeling Simulations 756 D. Caughlin

Dynamic Model Abstraction 764 K. Lee and P. A. Fishwick

Web-Based Simulation Web-Based Simulation: Some Personal Observations 772 P. A. Fishwick

Discrete-Event Simulation on the World Wide Web Using Java , . 780 A. H. Buss and K. A. Stork

Java-Based Query Driven Simulation Environment 786 R. S. Nair, J. A. Miller, and Z. Zhang

Parallel Simulation Language Issues Language Based State Saving Extensions for Optimistic Parallel Simulation 794 F. Gomes, B. Unger, and J. Cleary

A Parallel GPSS Based on the ParaSol Simulation System 801 F. Knop, E. Mascarenhas, and V. Rego

Using ZPL to Develop a Parallel Chaos Router Simulator 809 W. Richardson, M. L. Bailey, and W. H. Sanders

It's About Time: Time Advance Procedures Steps Toward a Better Internal GPSS Mechanism 817 I. Stähl

Eliminating Canccling Edges from the Simulation Graph Model Methodology 825 R. G. Ingalls, D. J. Morrice, and A. B. Whinston

Programming Combined Discrete-Continuous Simulation Models for Performance 833 J. F. Klingener

Object-Oriented Simulation The Design of au Efficient Simulator for the Pentium Pro Processor 840 D. A. Sykes and B. A. Malloy

Hybrid High-Level Nets 848 R. Wieting

A Generic Architecturc for Intelligent Instruction for Simulation Modeling Software Packages 856 T. A. Atolagbe and V. Hlupic

xu Contents

Military Applications Science of Military Simulation

The JUDY Theater Surveillance and Strikc Simulation Model 867 D. R. Brouse and W. A. Cann

The Joint Training System: A Pillar of Joint Readincss and an Automation Challengc 871 J. C. Barto III and P. D. Clark

Modeling and Simulation Enabling Technologies for Military Applications 877 A. F. Sisti and S. D. Farr

After Action Reviews Knowledge Acquisition in Support of Artificial Intelligence: An Example and Some Lessons Learned . 884 M. S. Kleiner and S. A. Carey

Using After Action Review Systems For Exercise Planning and Control 892 J. A. Hixson

Combat Simulations in U.S. Army Training and Tcsting 896 L. J. Dacunto and D. J. Prybyla

Military Medical Simulation A System to Project Injury and Illness Inciclence During Military Operations 903 C. G. Blood, E. Ö'Doimell, and D. Rotblatt

The Optimal Placement of Casualty Evacuation Assets: A Linear Programming Model 907 S. C. Sundstrom, C. G. Blood, and S. A. Matheny

Simulation of Casualty Sustainment During Naval Combat Operations 912 C. G. Blood, M. S. Odowick, and J. S. Marks

Operations and EfFectiveness Reengineering the United States Army's Taetical Command and Control Opcrational Architecture for

Information Operations 918 R. G. Phelan Jr. and M. L. McGinnis

Management of Personnel Policics to Increasc the Stability of Patriot Crew Members and Thcir Families: A Simulation Approach 926

M. J. Kwinn Jr. and R. G. Phelan Jr.

Measuring the Effectivencss of Simulation-Based Training 934 M. L. McGinnis and G. F. Stonc III

Distributed Interactive Simulation Closing the Gap Between Simulation & Combat Computer Systems 939 R. D. Smith

Efficient Data Consistency in HLA/DIS++ 946 S. Srinivasan

Evolving the VV&A Proccss for the ALSP Joint Training Confederation 952 J. A. Tufarolo and E. H. Page

Military Application of Parallel and Object-Oriented Simulation An Experiment in Simulation Intcropcrability 959 G. N. Bundy, D. W. Seidel, B. C. King, and C. D. Burke

A Simulation of the Evacuation of American Citizens with an Object-Oriented, Animated Model . . . 967 J. E. Surnner and E. A. Zahn

Dynamic Memory Usagc in Parallel Simulation: A Gase Study of a Large-Scale Military Logistics Application 975

C. J. M. Booth, D. I. Bruce, P. R. Hoare, M. J. Kirton, K. R. Milner, and I. J. Reif

Contents xin

Manufacturing Applications

Enterprise Wide Modeling A New Paradigm for Manufacturing Enterprise Modeling: Reusable, Multi-Tool Modeling 985 D. Delen, D. B. Pratt, and M. Kamath

Enterprise Modeling Within an Enterprisc Engineering Framework 993 D. H. Liles and A. R. Presley

An Overview of CIM Enterpriwe Modeling Mcthodologies 1000 G. Kateel, M. Kamath, and D. B. Pratt

Electronics and Wafer Fabrication I Simulation in the Design of Ground-Based Intrabay Automation Systems 1008 T. Jcffcrson, M. Rangaswami, and G. Stoner

Evaluation of Lot Release Policies for Semiconductor Manufacturing Systems 1014 R. Sandell and K. Srinivasan

An Investigation of Operating Methods for 0.25 Micron Semiconductor Manufacturing 1023 J. F. Hallas, J. D. Kirn, C. T. Mosier, and C. Intemicola

Electronics and Wafer Fabrication II A Comparison Study of the Logic of Four Wafcr Fabrication Simulators 1031 S. J. Mason, P. A. Jensen, and J. W. Fowler

Application of a 2-Stagc Group-Screening Design to a Whole-Line Semiconductor Marufacturing Simulation Model 1039

T. Ivanova, M. Mollaghascmi, and L. Malone

TRW/TED Accelerometer Wafcr Proccss Production Facility: Manufacturing Simulation 1046 L. S. Farey

Manufacturing Consulting Manufacturing Simulation Consultant's Forum 1052 F. B. Armstrong, B. Foster, R. Gibson, C. Kern, and D. W. Starks

Manufacturing Controls On Line Knowledgc-Based Simulation for FMS: A State of the Art Survey 1057 L. R. Gonzalez, M. L. Garcia, and M. A. Centeno

Controlling Activities in a Virtual Manufacturing Cell 1062 M. Iuliano and A. Jones

A Simulation-Based Controller Builder for Flexible Manufacturing Systems 1068 F. G. Gonzalez

Scheduting and Sequencing Efficient State-Independent, Sequencing Rules for Certain Flexible Manufacturing Systems 1076 A. Thesen

Simulation System for Rcal-Time Planning, Scheduling, and Control 1083 G. R. Drake and J. S. Smith

Dynamic Rescheduling of a Job Shop: A Simulation Study 1091 A. S. Kunnathur, S. Sampath, and P. S. Sundararaghavan

XIV Contents

Material Handling Systems Evaluation of a Distribution Center Tow-Line Material Handling System Through Simulation Modeling 1099 J. Bakst, J. Hoffher, and K. Jacoby

Modeling of Chain Conveyors and Their Equipment Interfaces 1107 A. K. Gunal, S. Sadakane, and E. J. Williams

A Simulation TestBed for Investigation of Tandem AGV Systems 1115 L. B. Chuang and J. A. Heim

Optimization and Evaluation Simulation Optimization in Strategie Location of Semi-Finished Products in A Pull-Type Production

System 1123 F. Azadivar, J. Shu, and M. Ahmad

The Use of Simulation in the Optimization of a Cellular Manufacturing System 1129 S. M. Sammons and J. K. Cochran

Use of Resource Blocks in SLAM II for the Evaluation of Operator-Machine Assignments 1135 L. S, Lachenmaier and J. K. Cochran

Simulation of Operations Emcient Module-Based Modeling for a Large-Scale AS/RS-AGV System 1141 S. Takakuwa

Incorporating Financial and Ergonomie Considerations into Models of Manufacturing Systems . , , . 1149 H. Herper, T. Kagerl, and D. Ziems

A Generic Simulator for Modeling Manufacturing Modules 1155 B. J. Schrocr, P. A. Farrington, J. J. Swain, and D. R. Utley

General Applications

Simulation and Public Policy Using Simulation to Craft a National Organ Transplantation Policy 1163 A. A. B. Pritsker, O. P. Daily, and K. D. Pritsker

Health Care Applications I An Online, Simulation-Bascd Patient Scheduling System 1170 H. Manansang and J. A. Heim

Analyzing the Temporal Association Between Health Disorders and Medical Treatments Using Probability Models and Monte Carlo Simulation 1176

S. H. Jacobson and D. J. Morrice

Modeling Disease Process for Drug Development: Bridging the Gap Between Quantitative and Heuristic Models 1183

P. K. Fink and L. T. Herren

Health Care Applications II Simulating Lyme Disease Using Parallel Discrete Event Simulation 1191 E. Deelman, T. Caraco, and B. K. Szymanski

Design of Hospital Admissions Scheduling System Using Simulation 1199 J. C. Lowery

A Simulation Model for Evaluating Personnel Schedules in a Hospital Emergency Department 1205 G. W. Evans, T. B. Gor, and E. Unger

Contents xv

Computers and Communications I Use of Simulation to Test Client-Server Models 1210 Y. L. Deshpande, R. Jenkins, and S. Taylor

Simulating a Proposed Information Delivery System 1218 E. M. Alvarez, W. Callahan, P. Mitchell, R. Telerole, and P. Hoefer

Simulator for the Evaluation of Distributed Network-System Performance 1222 T. Komatsu, Y. Nakamura, and J. Nose

Computers and Communications II Model ing File-system Input Traccs Via a Two-Level Arrival Process 1230 P. P. Ware, T. W. Page, and B. L. Nelson

A Hybrid Simulation-Queueing Module for Modeling UNIX I/O in Performance Analysis 1238 B. L. Nelson, W. S. Keezer, and T. F. Schuppe

Multitasking and Resequencing in a Two-Stage Multiprocessing System 1247 H. D. Karatza

Restaurants and Food Processing Applications Scheduling with Simulation in the Food & Drinks Industry 1252 M. Novels and S. Jonik

ACE: A Dccision Tool for Restaurant Managers 1257 T. C. Whyte and D. W. Starks

Simulation and Animation of the Operation of a Fast Food Restaurant 1264 K. Farahmand and A. F. G. Martincz

Environmental and Energy Applications Discrete Event Simulation as a Tool to Determine Necessary Nuclear Power Plant Operating Crew Size 1272 R. Laughery, B. M. Plott, T. H. Engh, and S. Scott-Nash

Valuation of Potash Reserves at the Waste Installation Pilot Plant 1280 P. C. Anselmo

Simulation in Policy Analysis: The Transfer of Facilities within the Department of Energy's Environmental Management Program 1287

S. M. Hart

Business Process Modeling Integrating Process Mapping and Simulation 1292 C. Harreil and K. C. Field

Simulation for Intra- and Inter-Organisational Business Process Modelling 1297 G. M. Giaglis, R. J. Paul, and G. I. Doukidis

A Methodology for Integrating Business Process and Information Infrastructure Models 1305 M. K. Painter, R. Fernandes, N. Padmanaban, and R. J. Mayer

Civil and Construction Engineering Building a Special Purposes Simulation Tool for Earth Moving Operations 1313 D. Hajjar and S. AbouRizk

Simulation of Complex Construction Processus 1321 P. G. Ioannou and J. C. Martmez

Scalable Simulation Models for Construction Operations P. G. Ioannou and J. C. Martinez

1329

xvi Contents

Simulation Works: Simulation Success Stories Simulation Works: A Panel Discussion 1337 W. R. Lilegdon, S. Gittlitz, R. D. Moore, and P. Rcardon

Transportation and Logistics I An Aircraft Operations Simulation Model for the United Parcel Service Louisville Air Park 1341 K. K. Cornett, S. A. Miller, and W. S. Ottman

Utilizing an Expert System for Conflict Resolution In "Train Siding Selection" Simulation Model . . . 1347 G. J. Allen, K. M. Mabrouk, and M. L. Weigel

Modeling Issues in a Shipping System 1353 E. J. Williams and S. Khoubyari

Transportation and Logistics II Modeling and Analysis of Aircraft OffLoadiiig Operations 1359 S. Manivannan and M. E. Zehner

Distribution Logistics in the Proccss Industries: Establishing Railcar Rcquireraents 1367 C. H. White

Simulation-based Supply-chain Optimization for Consumer Products 1373 D. R. Kalasky

Teaching Simulation Teaching Introductory Simulation in 1996: From the First Assignment to the Final Presentation . . . 1379 P. Lorenz and T. J. Schriber

Teaching the Fundamentals of Simulation in a Vcry Short Time 1387 I. Stähl

Simulation for Computer Science Majors: A Preliminary Report 1395 R. Silverman

Modeling and Simulation Education Modeling and Simulation Education: Is thcrc a Need for Gradiiate Degrees in Modeling and Simulation?1401 R. V. Rogers, M. Zyda, E. Mykytka, D. Bartlctt, and M, Bathe

Simulation in Education Dynamic Simulation for Time Scrics Modeling 1407 H. B. Nembhard and D. A. Ncmbhard

Simulation-Based Lcarning Tool for Facilities Design 141.3 B, Rain and R. Girdhar

Injecting Simulation and Modeling Upstream in the System Engineering Process 1421 S. Yarden

Design of Experiments in Large Scale Applications Sensitivity Analysis of a Large-Scale Transportation Simulation Using Design of Experiments and

Factor Analysis 1426 G. G. Rousseau and K. W. Bauer, Jr.

Regression Metamodels and Design of Experiments 1433 W. J. H. van Groenendaal and J. P. C. Kleijnen

Sensitivity and Sccnario Analysis for Simulation Metamodels 1440 S. M. Sanchez, L. D. Smith, and E. C. Lawrence

Contents xvu

Visualization in Input and Simulation Modeiing Recent Developments in Input Modeiing with Bezier Distributions 1448 M. A. F, Wagner and J. R. Wilson

Multivariate Input Modeiing with Johnson Distributions 1457 P. M. Stanfield, J. R. Wilson, G. A. Mirka, N. F. Glasscock, J. P. Psihogios, and J. R. Davis

Visualizing Generalized Semi-Markov Processus 1465 L. W. Schrubcn and E. L. Savage

Shipping Applications On the Development of a Computer System to Simulate Port Operations Considering Priorities . . . . 1471 J. Holgufn-Veras and C. M. Walton

Derivation of the Initial Stock of Bags -A Monte Carlo Approach I479 Z. Dowlaty and C. Loo

Simulation of the Illinois Waterway Locks System 1483 D. B. Bandy

Author Index 1489

Author Directory 1495