1994 Bolivian Earthquake
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Transcript of 1994 Bolivian Earthquake
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1994 Bolivian Earthquake
Eric Kiser
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1994 Bolivian Earthquake
• Moment Magnitude (Mw): 8.3
• Epicenter: 13.84°S and 67.55 °W
• Depth: 631km
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Outline
• Rupture Characteristics
• Comparison with other Deep Earthquakes
• Tectonics
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Silver et al., 1995
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Directivity Analysis
Silver et al., 1995
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Silver et al., 1995
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Silver et al., 1995
• 30km by 50km Rupture Plane
• 40s Duration
• 1.25 km/s Velocity
• Rupture plane is too large
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Other Rupture Properties
• No Isotropic Component (Okal, 1996)
• Friction melting (Kanamori et al, 1998)– Efficiency: 0.036– Non-Radiated Energy: 1.4x1018 J– 52,000°C Temperature Increase – Slow Rupture Velocity and Large Slip
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Differences in the 1994 Bolivia and Tonga Earthquakes
Wiens and McGuire, 1995
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Tonga Earthquake
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Bolivia Earthquake
Tinker et al., 1995
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Tectonic Setting
Kirby et al., 1995
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Tectonic Setting
Kirby et al., 1995
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Tectonic Setting
Kirby et al., 1995
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Kirby et al., 1995
• Kinks from compression
• Kinks meet resistance at the lower mantle
• Slab Thickening
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Summary
• Deepest earthquake ever recorded
• Rupture extent, no isotropic component, and seismic efficiency have important implications for deep earthquake mechanisms
• The majority of deep earthquakes may not exhibit these rupture characteristics