1988. Station ALOHA (~4750m deep) Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) October 1988 - present (260...
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Transcript of 1988. Station ALOHA (~4750m deep) Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) October 1988 - present (260...
1988
Station ALOHA (~4750m deep)
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)October 1988 - present (260 cruises; ~10/yr)
25 years of HOT
Station ALOHA (~4750m deep)
Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT)October 1988 - present (260 cruises; ~10/yr)
Mahalo nui loa to countless folks for their contributions to the successes of HOT and Station ALOHA
25 years of HOT NSFNOAAState of Hawaii (UH/SOEST)
Quantifying the Surface Freshwater Flux at Station ALOHA
Roger Lukas*, Fernando Santiago-Mandujano*, Albert Plueddemann+, Robert
Weller+, Fred Duennebier*, Bruce Howe*
* U. Hawaii at Manoa + Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Ocean Sciences Meeting 2014
R. Weller (WHOI)
The ocean and the hydrological cycle
Tradewinds – Harvesting Water and Heat From the Ocean
NOAA/OAR Ocean Reference Stations
Donating to the warm pool
Precious Rains
Hawaii’s tenuous water resources
∫(E-P)dt
WHOTS Rainfall and Evaporation
Sean Whelan (WHOI)
Rainfall –
Has small space-time scales
Not well-observed from space
Poorly represented in NWP model-reanalyses
WHOTS and the hydrological cycle
Winter Storms Interact with ITCZ
WHOTS and the hydrological cycle
How stable and reliable are the trends estimated from limited observations?
Observations limited in duration and spatial extent; exponential rainfall distributions in space and time
WHOTS Buoy Mixed Layer
See poster #2463 by McCoy et al., this session
Multiple data sources and error characteristics
December 5th, 2012 Rainfall EventMolokai NexRad
Station ALOHA
Molokai NexRAD
HOT Cruise 248Shipboard Rain Gauges
q prate
wind speed
wind direction
Surface salinity
SST
WHOTS-9 Buoy data
Rainfall Rates from NexRAD
December 5th, 2012 Rainfall Event
Hydrophone sound
before rainstorm
during rainstorm
minutes from 08:50
Spectrogram for Dec 5th 2012
frequency(kHz) 15
20
5
10
0 15012060
db re 1µ Pascal
4728 m
ALOHA Cabled Observatory
4728 m
17.5 KHz
10.5 KHz
4 KHz
4 KHz
10.5 KHz
rainfallrate
rainfallrate
windspeed
windspeed
17.5 KHz
rainfallrate
windspeed
mm/hr max
min
TRMM rain radar
TRMM Satellite Rainfall Estimates
5-day accumulation estimates
Numerical Weather PredictionModel Rainfall for Station ALOHA
ECMWF
WHOTS-9
120
80
0
40
Summary
• Measured rainfall in situ much larger than satellite, comparable to NexRAD weather radar
• Time-space variability of rainfall challenges freshwater budgets
• Bridging scales is crucial for satellite ground-truthing, and verification of NWP and climate models
• Related posters by Nystuen et al. (UW/APL); Poster by Monk et al. (BIOS); Poster by Yang et al. (UW)