1986 to 1995In Canadian History

The Post War Decades

JUNE 2014

SHARON SAVANNAH FELIX CHRIS MERLYNCHC2DG MR. MACKINLAY

1985INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

THE SHAMROCK SUMMIT- Prime Minister Brain Mulroney and President Ronald Reagan

- Relations between the two governments

- Free trade

- Military Defence Programs

- “When Irish Eyes Are Smiling”

1986

TRIVIA- May 2nd: Expo ‘86 Vancouver- The Canadian dollar hit an all-time low of 70.2¢ U.S. on

international money markets, January 31- October 6th: United Nations award for sheltering world refugees - Canadian John Polanyi shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

CHALLENGING THE APARTHEID- Total sanctions against South Africa due to the apartheid

(previous warnings in September 1985)- Brian Mulroney seen as a world leader - By the end of the 1980s the US and Great Britain had agreed

to the sanctions

1986

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

caribcan- Canadian government programme- Promote trade, investment, and provide industrial

cooperation

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Going against reagan- Canada accepts refugees from Nicaragua, El Salvador,

and Guatemala - Reagan Doctrine, conflicts risen from the Cold War

1987INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Going against reaganBrian mulroneyPOLITICIANS

Highlights as Prime Minister- Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (1988)- North American Free Trade Agreement (1992)- Canada Multiculturalism Act (1988)- Canadian participation in Gulf War (1991)- Goods and Service Tax (1991)- Nunavut Settlement Agreement (1993)

- Elected Leader of the Progressive Conservative Party in 1983- First Conservative leader from Québec - Meech Lake Accord (1987), Charlottetown Accord (1992) were defeated- 1993: resigned and returned to Montreal to practice law

1987Going against reaganMEECH LAKE ACCORD

INTERNAL POLITICS

- Bring Quebec into the Constitution- All Premiers agreed, but Accord had to be passed in Legislature within 3 years- Newfoundland change of premiers, didn’t support- Manitoba Elijah Harper delayed past expiry date- Mixed reviews

ELIJAH HARPERMINORITY AND NATIVE CANADIAN LEADERS

- First Aboriginal Member of Legislative Assembly in Manitoba- Served as Minister of Northern Affairs- Refused to accept the constitutional amendment of Meech Lake- Harper also opposed Charlottetown Accord in 1992

1987Going against reagan

INTERNAL POLITICS

GEORGES ERASMUSMINORITY AND NATIVE CANADIAN LEADERS

Reform party INTERNAL POLITICS

BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS

NEWTSUIT

- National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations- Appointed to the Order of Canada as a member in 1987- President of the Dene Nation- Was National Chief of AFN during the Oka Crisis

- atmospheric diving suit designed and originally built by Phil Nuytten- ocean drilling rigs, pipelines, salvage jobs, photographic surveys

- Reform Party in the west, Slogan was “the West wants in”, believed Ottawa ignored needs of Western Provinces

1988TRIVIA

- The Winter Olympics in Calgary opened on February 13

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

CUFTA- Canada and Free trade agreement - Eliminate tariffs- Solution to settle disputes- Investment and Energy- Agriculture- Liberal, NDP and Labour unions against it

1988

TRIVIA

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

ARCTIC COOPERATION

SPORTS FIGURESBEN JOHNSON- 1984: two time medalist for sprinting- World record of 9.79 seconds for 100m- Tested positive for drug use- Questioned drug use in sports

- Agreement allowing Icebreakers into Canadian Arctic- ‘Undertaken with the consent of the Government ofCanada’

1989- Develops anti-virus medication- Important component in HIV/AIDS treatment

BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS

LAMIVUDINE

- Worked on child welfare and aboriginal Self-governance projects- First representative of Yukon in House of Commons- Voted against Meech Lake Accord- First female leader of Federal Political Party

PROMINENT WOMEN

AUDREY MCLAUGHLIN

1989

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

APEC

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

THE TIANAMEN SQUARE MASSACRE - Student protest for pro-democracy government- Chinese government dispatches military, results in thousands of deaths - Mulroney canceled minor trade agreements- Relationship with China remains the same

- Canada becomes founding member of APEC- Focuses on business in Asia-Pacific region- Working to raise living standards

1989

BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS

ACTAR 911

MONTREAL MASSACREPUBLIC POLICIES

- Legally armed student shoots 28 people- Raises awareness of violence against women and child welfare- Cause attributed to violence in media, poverty, abuse- Gun laws become stricter

- First Actar 911, CPR Mannequin- Helps teach basics of CPR- Dianne Croteau: Studio Innova

trivia- Canadian one-dollar bills were replaced with the new one-dollar coin, popularly named the 'Loonie' because of the engraving of a loon on the 'tail' side

1990SPORTS FIGURESKURT BROWNING

MILITARY OPERATIONS AND AGREEMENTS

THE OKA CRISIS

ROYAL COMMISSION ON ABORIGINAL PEOPLES PUBLIC POLICIES

- Season 1990-1991 wins 1st place medal at Figure Skating Worlds Championships for the third time in a row- Four-time Canadian National Champion

- Dispute between First Nations and Canadian Government- Golf course built on a burial ground- Aboriginals protest expansion of course- Contributes to Royal Commision on Aboriginal Peoples

- Commission established with Aboriginal input- Focuses on Aboriginal Self-Government- Compensation for poor treatment

1990

MILITARY OPERATIONS AND AGREEMENTS

THE GULF WAR

PC PARTYINTERNAL POLITICS

- PC broke into three parts, due to regional disputes

- Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait- UN action authorizes force- Multinational force formed- Canada mainly patrolled

trivia- Bob Rae upset David Peterson with a surprising majority and became Ontario's

first NDP (New Democratic Party) Premier in September- The government finally and officially announced that Canada was in recession

1991BLOC QUEBECOIS

INTERNAL POLITICS

JAMES GOSLINGINVENTORS

- Bloc Quebecois Party formed - Bloc Quebecois formed by Lucien Bouchard, became dissatisfied with Conservative government, resigned and with other Quebec MPs form Bloc Quebecois- Same aim as provincial Parti Quebecois, sovereignty of Quebec as a nation separate from Canada

- JAVA

1991GST PUBLIC POLICIES

trivia

- Originally had Manufacturer sales tax- Various problems- Introduced GST- Poor reception from the public

- David Schindler, of the University of Alberta, won the first international Stockholm Water Prize for environmental research- First Native allowed to swear native oath, instead of Bible

1992

MIKE LAZARIDISINVENTORS

BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS

OTTAWA ANKLE RULES

SPORTING VICTORIES

TORONTO BLUE JAYS- Toronto Blue Jays won the World Series- Won again in 1993- Milestone for Canadian baseball

- Develops Research in Motion- Revolutionizes communication- Developed Blackberry

- Ian Stiell creates guidelines to determine a broken foot or ankle- Reduces use of X-rays, saves money and time

1992TORONTO BLUE JAYSCharlottetown accord

INTERNAL POLITICS

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Genocide in yugoslavia

trivia

- Same objectives as Meech Lake - Additions to Constitutions- Like the first, it fails

- First NATO-led, UN-Organized peacekeeping mission- Between Serbians and Bosnians/Croats- 16,000 Canadian peacekeepers- Could be considered a failure

- Roberta Bondar became Canada's first female astronaut in space- Ontario lawyers voted in January to no-longer be required to swear an oath to the Queen

1993TORONTO BLUE JAYS

trivia

POLITAL CHANGE INTERNAL POLITICS

Kim CampbellPOLITICIANS

PROMINENT WOMENKim campbell

- Mulroney resigns after failure in Charlottetown Accord- Campbell succeeded by Liberal, Jean Chretien- Bloc Quebecois is Official Opposition

- First female prime minister of Canada- Studied in Law School- Was Cabinet member under Brian Mulroney- First women to serve as Minister of Justice and Attorney General

1993SPORTING VICTORIES

MILITARY OPERATIONS AND AGREEMENTS

THE SOMALIA AFFAIR

FIGURE SKATING RECORD

trivia

- Best Olympic Skating world championships since 1962- Kurt Browning (Gold Medalist)- Elvis Stojko (Silver Medalist)- Isabelle Brasseur/Lloyd Eisler (Gold Medalists)

- Military Scandal dubbed, “Canada’s Military Shame”- Acts of the Canadian Airborne Regiment, CAR disbanded- Damaged Canadian soldiers morales

- The Nunavut Settlement Agreement with the Inuit set into motion the plans to divide the Northwest Territories to form a third territory, Nunavut

1994SPORTING VICTORIES

TORONTO BLUE JAYSSPORTING VICTORIES

FIGURE SKATING RECORDECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND AGREEMENTS

nafta- Agreement between Mexico, United States and Canada- Aimed to eliminate tariffs- Canada did not want to lose the US to Mexico- Created a trading bloc of 390 Million North Americans

1995Québec referendum

INTERNAL POLITICS

BREAKTHROUGHS, DISCOVERIES, INVENTIONS

Canadarm redesigned

trivia

- Separatism in French Canadians grew after failure in Accords- Parti Quebecois holds referendum on Quebec’s Independence- Parizeau resigns day after

- Robotic Arms used on Space Shuttle- Original Canadarm capable of deploying or retrieving 733 lb in space- Redesigned in 1995 allowing up to 7,260 lb movement

- The Québec Cree and Inuit peoples held their own referendum and rejected separation from Canada