196110 Desert Magazine 1961 October

8/14/2019 196110 Desert Magazine 1961 October

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O c t o b e r , 1 9 6 14 0 c e n t sMagazine of theO U T D O O R S O U T H W E S T


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M a g a z i n e of th e O u t d o o r S o u t h w e s t

Volume24 C o n t e n t s f o r O c t o b e r 1961 Number10COVER PHOTO: "Navajo Shepherdess," an oil painting by Denverartist Gerard Curtis Delano. For more on Delano's art, see page 25.

7 PRODUCTS: New Ideas for Desert LivingD AN LEE

10 TRAVEL: Campers' Grand Tour of MexicoNELL MURBARGER14 METEOROLOGY: Report on a growing Desert Menace: Smog

ER W IN K AUPER17 PERSONALITY: "Indian Emily," Tragic Apache HeroineL O UISE C HEN EY A UER18 PERSONALITY: Carlos Montezuma and His CrusadeO R E N A R N O L D20 HISTORY: The Kern Brothers and the Image of the West

ROBERT V. HIN E25 ART: Two Artists, Two Impressions of the West

EUGEN E L. C O N R O T T O27 NATURE: Woodpeckers of the Southwest DesertlandsE D M U N D C.JAEGER30 PHOTOGRAPHY: Secrets for Better Bird Pictures

J. FRED and F R A N D O D S O N37 GEMS-MINERALS: Apache Tears in the Sauceda MountainsC L O Y D S O R E N S E N , JR.OTHER FEATURES: Readers' Letters __ 2'61-'62 Desert Book Catalog 3

Classified Ads 32Southwest Calendar 34

Nevada Travel 35Poem of the Month 35Ut ah Travel 41Editorial 43

The Desert Magazine, founded in 1937 by Randall Henderson, is published monthly.* by Desert Magazine, Inc., Palm Desert, Cal iforni a. Re-entered as second class\ * matter July 17, 1948, at the postoffice at Palm Desert, California, under the Actl r jy of March 3, 1879. Title registered No. 358865 in U.S. Patent Office, and contentscopyrighted 1961 by Desert Magazine, Inc. Permission to reproduce contents mustO L I ^ be secured from the editor in writ ing.Unsolicited manuscripts andphotographs submitted can-no t be returned or acknowl-edged unless full returnpostage is enclosed. DesertMagazine assumes no re-sponsibility for damage orloss of manuscripts or pho-tographs although due carewill be exercised. Subscribersshould send notice of changeof address by the f irst ofthe month preceding issue.

CHARLES E. S H E L T O NPublisherEUGENE L. C O N R O T T OEditor

EVO N N E RIDDEL LCirculation ManagerAddress all editorial andcirculation correspondence toDesert Magazine, Palm Des-ert, California.Address all advertisingcorrespondence to Aaron D.Viller, 8217 Beverly Blvd.,Los Angeles 48, Calif. PhoneOL 1-2225.

LETTERSFROM OUR READERSDick Wick Hall . . .To the Editor: Weldon Heald's article onDick Wick Hall of Salome (September Des-ert Magazine) is by far the most completeaccount I have ever seen of Mr. Hall's lifein the Southwest. It is extremely timely inconnection with the September celebrationof Dick Wick Hall Day in Salome, anannual event we are pleased to have helpedpromote editorially for the past 16 years.

JOHN McCARROLL, publisherWickenburg SunWickenburg, Ariz.Recalling "Gopher Days" . .To the Editor: Edmund Jaeger's pocketgopher article in the August Desert mademe suddenly see myself as a high schoolgirl tramping the loosely cultivated soil ofan orange grove with gopher traps and atrowel in one hand and a long-handledshovel in the other. This was in Perris Val-ley, 15 miles southeast of Riverside, Calif.,in the early 1900s.

Gopher mounds near the base of a youngcitrus tree meant troubleand it was myjo b to eliminate the trouble. The familycat, "Queen Dido," was my chief assistantin this work.MARTHA VAN WINKLEBoston, Mass.

U T A H 'S V E R S I O N OF THE SPHIN XProfile in Stone . . .To the Editor: In the August issue, page34 , is a photograph of the Register Rocksin southern Utah. The large rock carriesthe outline of a face. A very unusualpicture. LUCIUS L. DEYOLos AngelesTo the Editor: Howmany folks have calledyour attention to the profile on RegisterRocks? C. WILSONRutland, Vermont(Many people have written in to reportthe "discovery" of Utah's version of theSphinx. Ed.)

2 / Desert Magazine / October, 1961


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f 6 \ ~ 6 2 B O O K C A T A L O G f r o m D E S E R T M A G A Z I N E B O O K S H O PjM1Ml^lll|||||lli|[]|^i!ll||lllllll!

B O O K S S O U T H W E S T . . .. . . sa t is fac tion g ua ran teed by Deser t M aga zineWORLD'S LARGEST SELECTION OF BOOKS DEVOTED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE DESERT SOUTHWEST1. List books you wa nt 2. Ad d 15c per book 3. Californ ia residents 4. If book is to be a 5. Please PRINT your 6. Ma il orders and re-by tit le and author. for postage & han- also add 4 % sales gif t, please mark name and mailing mittance to: DESERTdl ing. tax. "GIFT " clearly, & in- address legib ly. MAGAZIN E BOOKdicate how you wa nt STORE, Palm Desert,gift card signed. 1, California.

S O U T H W E S T H I S T O R YT HE DESERT , T O DAY AND YEST ERDAY. Randall H enderson. Thefounder and former editor of Desert Magazine draws on his vastknow ledge o f the Southwest to put together a book of his experi-ences and observation s. Almo st half a century of desert liv ing iscompounde d in Henderson's book. Many photograph s. $5PHO T O ALBUM OF YEST ERDAY'S S OU T HW EST . Compiled by CharlesShel t o n . Documentation of the desert Southwest from the 1860s to1910 thro ug h the camera's lens. Early-day pho tograp hs show theexplorers, the prospectors, the miners, the cowboys, the desperados,the ordinary pe ople, as they we re, before glamour and varnish w ereapplied to trie legend of the Old West. Highest quality print ing.195 photographs. Hand set type. Embossed black and gold hardcover. Special gif t for those wh o collect Westerniana. $15YOUR DESERT AND MINE . Nina Paul Shumway. A delightful per-sonal account of a fam ily's ea rly-day experiences in the CoachellaValley, with much valuable history of the date palm industry. PalmSprings, Indio, the Salton Sea, sand dunes and the Santa Rosa moun-tains are all seen through the eyes of a young woman meeting thedesert for the first t ime . I l lustrated, more than 300 pages $6.75VANISH ED AR IZONA. RECOLLECT IONS O F MY ARMY LIFE. MarthaSummerhayes. 4th edit ion of f irst pr inting. A story about Army lifein the 1870s as seen through the eyes of the wife of a Lieutenantin the 8th Infantry. 33 il lustrations. Cloth cover $7.50COMST OCK MINING AND MINERS. E l iot Lord. A history of theComstock Lode of Virginia City, Nevada. A reprint of the 1883 edi-t ion, wit h introdu ction by David F. Myrick. 578 pages. 117 unusualand rare illustratio ns. 2 area maps. Hard cover - $8.50T O MBST ONE. W alter Noble Burns. Story of the "Town too tough todie." Gun toting , cattle rustling days in Old Arizona. As history it isaccurate, as story it holds you spel lbou nd. $3.95PONY EXPRESS-THE GREAT GAMBLE. Roy S. Bloss. A well-researchedbook that deals with the business and politics of the Pony Expressmore than with the adventures of the daring r iders. An excellentreference for students of the Pony Express. Excellent historic photosand il lustrations. Hardback. 160 pages.- . $4.50HOLE-IN-THE-ROCK. David E. Miller. This well- i l lustrated book by atrained Utah historian, is the best available on the amazing MormonHole-in-the-Rock exp edit ion of 1879-80. Map s, 229 pages. $5.50LOST OASES , ALONG T HE CARR IZO. E . I . Edwards. Litt le is knowntoday of this lost oasis in the isolated corridor of the Colorado des-ert that once was the stopping place for soldiers, gold seekers andemigrants into California. One-half of the book concerns itself wi ththis corr idor and the other half is a descriptive bibliog raphy ofCalifo rnia's Co lorado Desert. Com panion vo lum e to DESERT VOICES.Gold stamped, hard cover $12.50TO MBSTO NE PICTUR E GALLER Y. Lloyd and Rose H amiil. For theWestern Americana fan, with carefully researched history of earlyTombstone personalities, the Earps, Doc Holliday, Sheriff Behan andthe Clantons. 47 pictures and drawin gs. - $2

OU TLAW TR AIL. Ch arles Kelly. The corrected second edit ion of anillustrated classic about western outlaw Butch Cassidy and his "WildBunch." Trains and banks were their targets. One of the best outlawreports. Map and index __ _ _ $6FRONT IER MILIT ARY POST S O F ARIZO NA. Ray Brandes. A collec tionof the colorful history of old forts in Arizona. An attractive volumewith photos and drawings of equipment used by the Indian-fightingtroops. Washable vinyl cloth bindin g $2.25T HE BONANZA T R AIL. Muriel Sibell Wolle. The story of more than200 old m inin g towns an d camps of the West. Pencil sketches. $8.95YUMA CROSSING. Douglas D . Mart in . Tales of four centuries ofhistory when the Yuma crossing was once the only safe ford of theColora do Riverof sea captains, Indian s, missionaries, scouts $2.50ARIZO NA'S DARK AND BLOOD Y GRO UND . Earle R . Forrest . This isthe fourth printing of an authenticated account of the ruthlessGraham-Tewksbury cattle war in Arizona's Pleasant Valley from 1882to 1892. More than a score of men died in this western feud $5ARIZO NA IN T HE 50s. James H . T evis. The breathtaking memoirs ofCaptain Tevis on his march through Arizona in 1857, when lawless-ness was the order of the day. 237 pages. $2BUTTERFIELD OVER LAND MAIL. W aterman L. O rmsby. The authorwas the only through passenger on the first Westbound stage in1858. His reports are reprinted, with informative notes, maps, andindex. Lively and excit ing reading. 179 pages __ $4.50T HE ST ORY OF BO DIE . E l la M. Cain. A vivid narrative of one of thewildest, toughest mining camps in the West, told by a woman whowas born there. Index. Photos. Paper bou nd , $2.50 Cloth , $4DEATH VALLEY TALES. A D eath Valley '49er publication. Ninewriters have written true chapters from the drama-crammed past ofthe Death Valley region . 59 pages, paper. $1DEATH VALLEY IN '49 . W illiam Lewis Manly. Written in his ow nwords, the classic of Death Valley crossing; the day-by-day amazingaccount of how Manly and his party survived many hardships $6.5020 MULE T EAM DAYS IN D EAT H VALLEY. Harold O . W eight . Storyof the most colorful episode in western mining history, as revealedby the old-timers, and from the records of the period $1LOAFING ALONG D EATH VALLEY TR AILS. W illiam Caruthe rs. Froma store of excellent material gained through 25 years on DeathValley Trails, this is "a personal narrative of people and places," ofsuch peo ple as Shorty Harris, Charles Brown and m any oth ers.... $4.25T HE MANLY MAP AND T HE MANLY ST OR Y. Ardis M. W alker. On eof the epics of southwestern history: that of the heroic struggle o fWm. Lewis Manly and John Rogers and their companions throughDeath Valley. Reproduction of their map. Paper..... _ $ 1DE ATH VALLEY T ALES. True chapters from the past. Nine co ntr ibutin gauthors. A Death Valley '49er publication. 62 pages. Paperbound $1GO O DBYE , DE ATH VALLEY. Burr Belden. A Death Valley '49er publi-cation. The 1849 Jayhawker escape from the Valley of Death. Jay-hawker census. Bibliography. 64 pages. $1.25

SEE NEXT PAGE FOR MORE BOOK LISTINGS


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'61-'62 BOOK CATALOG from Desert Magazine Book Shop (continued)

N A T U R E S U B J E C T ST HE FORGOT T E N PENINSU LA. A NAT URALIST IN BAJA CALIFOR NIA.Joseph W ood Krutch. The author gives a vivid personal account ofexploring the Sonora Deserts of Baja California, a remote area stillseldom visited. For the adventurous. 277 pages. Hard cover. $5PALMS. Desmond Muirhead. The author is a landscape architect. Hisdetailed information of the origin, cult ivation and care of this orna-mental tropical plant will interest the home gardener, as well as thelandscape architects and nurseryman in the warmer tropical climatesof our country. Washable viny l cloth bindin g ~$3.20BIRDS OF T HE SOUT HW EST ERN DESERT . Gusse T homas Smith. To thisauthor, birds are happy fr iendly neighbors that every desert dwellershould cult ivate. All the more common species are given a delight-fu l introdu ction in this book. Excellent pen sketches $1.95FLOW ERS OF T HE SOUT H W E ST MESAS. Pauline M. Patraw. Identif iesby an easy-to-follow color key, the common plants of the Pinyon-Juniper Woodland extending from about 4500 to 7500 feet in eleva-t ion. Descriptive draw ing s by Jeanne R. Janish. Paper cover $1W ILDLIFE O F ME XICO . A Starker Leopold. Readable yet highlyauthoritative, this book contains almost 200 excellent drawings andphotos of Mexican wil dli fe. For sportsmen and naturalists. Manydesert animals included . 568 pages _ $12 .50CALIFORNIA DESERTS. Dr. Edmund C. Jaeger. Complete informat ionon the Colorado and Mojave deserts of California. Plant and animall i fe , geogra phy, geo logy, aboriginal l ife. Drawings, photos and maps.Third edit io n. 209 pages. Index $5DESERT W ILD FLOW ERS . Edmund C. Jaeger. Fine handbook on desertf lora, almost 800 species described and il lustrated by line drawingor photos. Includes material on discovery and naming uses, explora-tion of bota nical names. -'- _ $5DESERT W ILDLIFE. Edmund C. Jaege r. A revision of the author'searlier book O U R D E S E R T N E I G H B O R S . This is a series of intima tenatural history sketches of the wild animals of the Southwestern des-erts. Although thoroughly scientif ic, it is pleasurable reading as wellas useful. Hard cover. Abou t 300 pages _ _ -$5.95A NATUR ALIST 'S DE ATH VALLEY. D r. Edmund C. Jaeger. A simpli-f ied story of the mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, trees, f lowers,fossils and Indian life in the Death Valley region. A Death Valley'49er boo k. Illust rate d. Paper cover. 68 pages. $1.50OU R DESERT NEIGHBO RS . Edmund C. Jaeger. A fascinating book ofa naturalist 's experiences with the jackrabbit, the packrat, the coyote,the canyon wren, the sidewinder, and scores of birds and animals andreptiles of the Southwest Desert. I llus. Index, 239 pages. $5T HE NORT H AMERICAN DESERT S. Edmund C. Jaeger. Published inSeptember '57 . The Southw est's great naturalist treats for the firstt ime of the five important deserts of the North American continent.356 line draw ings, 29 pages of maps and photos. $5.95T HE VO ICE O F T HE D ESERT . Joseph W ood Krutch. In which a Nat-uralist explores the r ich , intr iguing, unexpected variety of l ife on theSouthw estern desert. 223 pages $3.75P O I S O N O U S D W E L L E R S O F T H E D E S E R T . Natt N. Dodge. " . . .shouldbecome as much a part of the kit of any desert visitor as his can-t een . " Description and habitat of giant desert centipede, scorpions,black widow spiders, kissing bug, bees, coral snake, ratt lers, GilaMonsters, and others. First aid. I l lus., index, paper _ $.60H UNT ING T HE DESERT W HALE. Erie S tanley Gardner. Published1 9 6 1 . True adventures of the Gardner party studying and observinggray whales in Scammon's Lagoon. Also incidents in Baja California.Abun dan tly il lustrated. Hardback _ $6THE FOSSIL BOO K. Carroll L. Fenton and Mildred A. Fe nton. One ofthe finest gene ralized books ever wr itte n abou t fossils. For seriousamateurs. Hundreds of photos and drawings, text-book quality.Autho ritative. 480 pages. First published 1958.- $15M AM M AL S O F TH E S O U T H W E S T D E S E R T. G . O l in . One of the seriesof the Southwestern Monuments Association; an invaluable book onthe desert-dw elling animals; habits, detailed drawin gs, charts $1N A T U R A L H I S T O R Y O F T H E S O U T H W E S T . A compilation showing thebeauty and color of the Southwest by excellent photos, and tell ingof its trees, shrubs, birds, reptiles and mammals. A general book onthe area, it has many color pictures. A guide fo r those who wa ntan introduction to the outdo or Southwest. 144 page s- $4.95T HIS IS T HE DESERT . Phi l Ault . A broad view of the geology, his-tory and life of the American Desert. Well i l lustrated. A new bookfor young people (12-15) . - _ -..$2.75

W ILDFOLK IN THE DESERT. Carroll Lane Fenton & Evelyn Carswell.For young (10-14) nature lovers who want to know more about theanimals of the desert. Written in narrative, nicely illustrated . $3.50BOOK OF CACT I AND OT HER SUCCULENT S. Claude Chidamain. Forthose interested in gardening or collecting here is an encyclopediaol inform ation as to the nature, propaga tion and cult ivation o f thegreat fam ily of drouth-resistant plants. Well i l lustrated. $4.50INT R OD UCT ION T O DESERT PLANT S. W . T aylor Marshall. If you'vewanted to cult ivate some of the native desert plants in your homelandscaping, this book wil l be a most helpfu l guid e. 49 pages. $1.25THE CLEVER CO YOT E. Stanley Young and Hartley Jackson. Despiteheavy warfare aimed at it, the wily coyote is one of the few mam-mals which has been able to extend its range and more than holdits ow n in historic t imes. I l lustra ted.- $6.50W ILD PALMS OF THE CALIFOR NIA DESERT. Randall He nderson. In -teresting and descriptive stories of the w ild palms that gro w in -Palm Canyon, Andreas Canyon, Fern Canyon, Eagle Canyon $.50THE DESERT IN PICTUR ES. Published by the Palm S prings Museum.Striking photographs of the geology, geography, f lora and fauna.Edited by Edmund Jaeger. Paper. - - $.50T HE T REES AND SHRUBS O F T HE SOU T HW EST ERN DESERT . L. Bensonand R. Darrow. This revised edit ion has all the information a begin-ner in botany will need for identifying the perennial vegetation inthe entire Southwest. App end ix, 115 il lustrations, 9 in color $8.50

L E G E N D S A N D L O S T T R E A S U R EW EST ERN GHOST T O W NS. Lambert Florin. Over 200 scenes andsettings of old gold camps and boom towns, forgotten places thatmade history in the Western states.- _ $12.50LOST MINES AND HIDD EN T RE ASURE. Leland Lovelace. Fact or leg-e n d , the lost treasure tales of the Southwest are always thril l ingreading. To the well kn own Pegleg and Breyfogle are added a scoreof other lost mine stories. 252 pages _ _ ..$4GHOST S OF T HE GLORY T R AIL. Nel l Murbarger. The old boom min-ing towns of the Great Basin come to life again in these sparklingtales of 275 ghost camps. Historically accurate, entertaining ly t o ld .Includes Ghost Tow n Directory. 328 pages. Halfton es. Index. $5.75T HE LOST DU T CHMAN MINE. S ims Ely. Latest information on thetop mystery among lost mines of the Southwest. Ely attempts toseparate facts from fiction. Endmaps, 178 pages.- $3.50LO S T MI NE S O F O L D A R I Z O N A . H a r ol d O . W e i g h t . This 76-pagebooklet tells the fascinating tales of nine legendary lost mines. Noone has ever run across these treasure troves in the Arizona hills.Paperback. Wit h map $2LOST MINES OF D EAT H VALLEY. Harold W eight . Revised edit ion.The author traces the most colorful Death Valley treasure tales to theirorigins, follo ws their histories, and appraises their au thenticity. Com-plete wi th map. I l lus. 80 pages.. $2T HE GREAT D IAMON D H O AX. Asbury Harpending. New edit ion ofan amazing story long out of p rint. Two rough prospectors con-vinced Tiffany and California's leading bankers they had discovereda great new diamond field in the Southwest. 211 pages.- $2G O L D , G U N S A ND G H O S T T O W N S . W . A . C h a lf an t . Combines O U T -POST S O F CIVILIZAT ION an d T ALES OF T HE PIONEERS in attractive7x10 edit ion. "All the rough and ready, gold-crazy exuberance of theold West is captured in these stories. The days when men, good andb a d , were motivated only by the lust for nuggets and gold dust havebeen sympathetically yet humorously chron icled." ..$3.75APACHE GOLD & YAQUI SILVER. J. Frank D obie. Fascinating lostmine and buried treasure stories by a master story teller. Beautifulcolor plates and black-and-wh ites by Tom Lea $6.50O N T HE T RAIL OF PEGLEG SMIT H'S LOST GO LD. J. W ilson McKenney.Here new clues are added to the fantastic story of Pegleg Smith'sfabulous black nuggets of the California desert. Photos. Map $1.50LOST MINES AND BURIED T REASURES ALONG T HE OLD FRONT IER.John D. Mitchell. 51 stories of lost mines and buried treasures, withmaps. New edition of a rare out-of-print book. 234 pages $5DESERT COUNT R Y. Edwin Corle . Ghost towns, legends, oases, his-tory, Indiansfrom the Border to Nevad a, from the Mojave andDeath Valley to the Grand Canyon. 357 pages, index. ..$4.95



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S O U T H W E S T P E R S O N A L I T I E SDE ATH VALLEY SCOTTY. Tom G. Murray. Excellent photographs ofthe legendary Scotty in a high-qu ality 9 by 12 gloss paper bookle t.Some of the best pictures ever done of Scotty and the Castle $2S AM BRANNAN & T HE CALIFOR NIA MO RMO NS. Paul Bailey. Thisthird reprinting of the Brannan story tells of one of the most con-troversial of all Mormons, a man who was either a hero or anapostate. A colorful man, Brannan lived in the wildest .days ofCalifornia's developmentthe Gold Rush eraand was part of it all.265 pages _ _ - - -$5 .50SO VEREIGNS O F T HE SAGE. Nel l Murbarger. This warmly wr i t tenbook by the "Roving Reporter of the Desert" is a treasury of truestories about unusual people and places in the vast sagebrush king-dom of western United States. Sparkles with humor and interest...$6PAINT ERS OF T HE DESERT . Ed Ainsworth. A gallery of arid- landartists and reproductions of their wo rk: Hilto n, McGre w, Bender,Swinnerton, Forsythe, Perceval, Fechin, Dixon, Klinker, Lauritz, Procter,Eytel, and Buff. Exclusively desert, and warm ly personal. 90 colorand halftone il lustrations. Large forma t (9% x 13'/4-inch page sire).I l l pages. First pr inti ng sold out in two months $11PHILIP ST . GEORGE CO OKE . Ot is E . Young. The west, as seen bythe famous cavalryman, Cooke, in the pre-Civil War days of frontierexplo ration. His Civil War service. A utho ritatively documented...$10JOURNEY OF THE FLAME. Fierro Blanco. Reprint of the popular his-torical no vel, acclaimed as the greatest collection o f desert lore evercomp iled. A collection of fact and fiction about Baja California .$3.75FIG T REE JOH N. Edwin Corle . A fine novel of the Southwest by thelate Edwin Corle. Limited edit ion, i l lustrated by Don Perce vaL$7 .50T IBURCIO VASQUE Z, T HE CALIFOR NIA O UT LAW . Compiled by Rob-ert Greenwo od. Includes a reprin ting of a rare contemporary accountabout the noted bandit . Many quotat ions f rom newspapers of the'60s and 70 s. I l lustrated. 296 pages. Hardback $5.95J O S E P H R E D D E F O R D W A L K E R A N D T H E A R I Z O N A A D V E N T U R E .Daniel Ellis Conner, edited by Bethrong and Davenport. Walker'samazing Arizona expedition, a hundred years ago, when the South-west could provide adventure for anyone will ing to be a leader.Walker l ived, trapped and guide d in the West for 30 years $5TRUE STO RY OF BILLY THE KID. W illiam Lee Hamlin. Hamlin's thesisis that The Kid, contrary to general belief, was a loyal and reliableyoung man, ready to serve the law , but misunderstood $6CORONADO, KNIGHT OF T HE PUEBLOS AND PLAINS. Herbert E .Bolton. The most thorough tracing of the Coronado trail ever given.. . . As excit ing as the trek of the Fortyniners to California $4.50W YATT EARP, FRONTIER MARS HAL. Stuart N. Lake. Thril l ing accountof frontier days, and a man who out-shot and out-thought the bad-men of the toughest mining camps and cowtowns of the old South-west. Based on Earp's ow n story $4.50M E N T O M A T C H M Y M O U N T A I N S . I rv in g S t on e . A gr ipping s toryof the men and events which in 60 years brought the white man'scivil ization to the great western wilderness of United States $5.95DE ATH VALLEY SCOTTY TO LD ME . Eleanor Jordon H ouston. Here isDeath Valle y Scotty as his friend s knew h im . Reported co nversationswhile Mrs. Houston's husband was a Death Valley Park Ranger$1.50DE ATH VALLEY SCOTTY RIDES A GA IN. Earl C. Driskill. Scotty'sstories, just as he told them, written by a man who was close to thefabulous Death Valley character during his last years. A salty book...$lFRONT IER W OR LD OF DO C HO LLIDAY. Pat Jahns. A lively report onthe historic dentistturned faro dealer-gunman. Much use of early-western newspaper reports. Footnotes, lengthy bibliograph y _..$5JEDEDIAH SMIT H. Hal G. Evarts. "Trail Blazer of the West" is thesubtit le for this semi-novel about one of the West's great trappers,guides and mountain men. 192 pages $3H A R D R O C K S H O R T Y A T H I S W O R S T . 21 selections from the famousHard Rock Shorty series that has been running in Desert Magazinesince 1937. Whimsical yarns containing the wildest stories ever torise on the heat waves of Death Valley. Not a word of truth in thewho le passle. Paperbound $1HARRY OLIVER, T HE OLD MIRAGE SALESMAN. A collection of Oliver 'slegends, l ies, and laughs. 111 pages. Many wo odcut il lustrations.Paperbound __ $3.50

I N D I A N L O R EIND IAN SILVERS MIT H ING. W . Ben Hunt . The adventure of makingsilver jewe lry, at a minimu m of expense. How to make tools, step-by-step descriptions of tarnishing, antiquing, heating, soldering, etc.Beautifully il lustrated wit h photographs, sketches. 150 pages $3.95IND IAN ART IN AME R ICA. Frederick J. Dockstader. Arts and Craftsof the North American Indian. Profusely il lustrated with 70 colorplates and 180 black and white . Beautiful examples of characteristicshell and quill work, pottery and weaving, deer and buffalo hidepain ting, carved stone pipes and tomahawks $25HOPI KACHINA DOLLS. Harold S. Colton. Revised Edition. 330drawing s show the design, tradit ions and iden tif ication of 266 H opiKachinas. Hard cover $8IND IAN USES OF NAT IVE PLANT S. Edi th Van Allen Murphey. Ahandy reference booklet about herbs and plants of the Southwest,with special guide as to the use the Indians made of these shrubs.An aid for those wh o enjoy the outdo or Southwest. $2.50PEYOT ISM AND NEW MEXICO . C. Burton Dust in. Describes the useof peyote in the religious ceremony of the Indians. 50 pages $2FORT Y YEARS AMO NG T HE IND IANS. Daniel W . Jones. Republica-tion of long out of print book tells of author's interest in Mormonchurch which he eventually joined; and his life as peacemaker, mis-sionary to the Indians, and frontie r scout $8.50W ILLIE BOY. H arry Lawton. Tale of a strange desert manhunt, withmounted posses of western lawmen try ing to t rack down a youngIndian. Willie Boy, wh o had murdered two peop le, outfo oted horsesand bullets for wee ks, but f inally shot himself. San Bernardino andRiverside counties in Southern California are the setting for this 1909adventure. 224 pages. Historic photos $5.98RED MAN , W HIT E MA N. Harry James. A del ight fu l novel of HopiIndian life, by an author who knows the problems of these stalwarttr ibesmen intimately. Portrays the conflict betwe en old tradit ions andthe wh ite man's influence on the Hopi Mesas. 286 pages. $5D ANCING GOD S. Erna Ferguson. New edit ion of a popular bookwith detailed information about the dances and ceremonials of South-western Indian tr ibesmen. 16 full-page reproductions of the wo rkof western artists. 286 pages. _ $5APACHE VE NGEANCE . Jess G. Haye s. The true story of the ApacheK i d , tell ing what changed him from a trusted scout into one of theold West's most hunted outlaw s. 185 pages $2I FOU GHT W IT H GE R O NIMO. Jason Betz inez . An amazing first-handchronicle by an Apache who was born in 1860 and went throughmuch of the wild warfare of the latter-day Apache Indians. Adven-ture is mixed with interesting observations about the life and philos-ophy of the tr ibesmen Betzinez knew . 214 pages. Maps. $4.95KNOW T HE NAVAJO . Sandy Hassell . Booklet of hundreds of short,pertinent facts about the customs, beliefs and liv ing habits of thelargest tr ibe of Indians in the U.S. I l lustrated, paper. -$.5 0SPIN A SILVER DOLLAR. Alberta Hannum. A desert trading post inNavajoland is the setting for this story about a young Indian artist.Four color illustration s by the Navajo painter, Beatien Yazz $4.50PAINT T HE W IND . Alberta H annum. A Navajo boy, ex-marine, re-turns to his people after combat years in the Pacif ic. A story oftransit ion, wi th a deep view into the heart of the Navajo. $4.50TRADERS TO THE NAVA JO S . Frances Gillmore & Louisa W et h erill .The story of the Wetheril ls at Kayenta. True information regardingthe Navajos. Archeological and geographical explorations of theWeth eril l men. 256 pages $3.50THE CAHUILLA IND IANS . Harry C. James. Full and authentic historyof the Indians wh o live d in the Palm Springs-Salton Sea area. Theirlife in a desert land makes this study an interesting one for southernCalifornians. Halftones, i l lustrated b y Don Perceval. 186 pages. $7.50IND IAN SIGN LANGUAGE. W . P . Clark. This is a reprint of anauthoritative U.S. Arm y manual that f irst appeared in 1885. Tells ofthe hundreds of different ha nd signs in usage 80 years ago. Hardcover. 443 pages, l imited prin ting ...- $10W O V O K A , T H E I N D I A N M E S S IA H . P au l B ail e y. The Indians ofAmer ica paid in blood for their wi l l ingness to fo l low their s t range,praying, peace-loving Paiute messiah. 12 full-page il lustrations...$5.50PEOPLE O N T HE E ART H. Edwin Corle . A Navajo novel, describingthe colorful background of the Black Mountains and Painted Desert.The clash of the red men and white men in the railroad towns of theAmerican Southwest. Uncut copies reduced from $5 to $1.95

SEE NEXT PAGE FOR MORE BOOK LISTINGS


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'61 -'62 BOOK CATALOG from Desert Magazine Book Shop (continued)

T H E S O U T H W E S T T O D A Y30, 000 MILES I NTO M E XI CO . Nel l Murbarger . This popular author'snewest book, descr ib ing her personal explorat ion of the by-ways o fMexico whi le on an extens ive camping t r ip. 16 pages o f photos.Indexed $6B A H I A , E N S E N A D A A N D I T S B A Y . Thaddeus R . T . Benton. Th eauthor spent several years in Ensenada, a n d wri tes wi th warmth o fthe beaut i fu l l i t t le Mex ican town on the Pacific coast o f LowerCal i forn ia .$5.50N E W G U I D E T O ME XI CO . Frances Toor. Completely revised, up-to-the-minute edi t ion o f th is famous guide, inc luding Lower Cal i forn ia.Over 8 0 i l lustrat ions and an account of new West Coast highwaysinto Mexico City. 2 7 7 pages -$2 . 95L O W E R C A L IF O R N I A G U I D E B O O K . G e r h a r d an d Gulick. Maps, motormileages, suppliesthe complete data y o u wi l l need fo r a journeyinto th e fascinat ing land south of the border . Inc ludes informat ionas t o customs, f o o d , passportseverything y o u wi l l wan t to knowwhet her y o u g o b y auto, boat, plane o r bu rr o. Cl ot h ___.$6T H E M E X IC A N H O U S E , O L D A N D N E W . Vera Cook Shipway an dW a r re n S h i p w a y. Detailed close-ups o f architectural features, suchas shutters, roofs, wi nd ow s, pat ios. Interior views o f f ireplaces,l ight ing f ix tures , s ta i rways a n d ceil ings. 31 2 photographs, 37 pagesof measured drawings. 18 7 pages. Hard cover $12.50M E X I C O O N $5 A D A Y . John W ilcock. A pract ical money-savinggui de. Lists inexpen sive hotels, restaurants, night-spots, tours, t rans-portat ion, plus maps o f each city, with l ist o f commonly used wordsand phrases in Spanish with English translat ion. Paper cover. .. $2.50ELENA' S FI ESTA RECI PES. El ena Zel ayeta . N e w a n d rev ised edi t ion.Commentar ies b y Marka Ritchie. Hundreds o f Mexican dishes, manyhave a taste o f Spain. Dishes that may be prepared ahead o f t imeand stored in the ref r igerator unt i l ready to heat. Hard cover. $3.95B O O K S W E S T S O U T H W E S T . L a wr e n ce C la rk P ow e l l . A collect ion o fessays o n wri ters , thei r books and the West-Southwest o f N e wMexico, Texas a n d Cal i forn ia. 15 7 pages. $4.50R O D E O . S t a n d ar d G u id e t o t h e Cowboy Sport . M . S . Robertson.Complete detai led informat ion o f this hazardous sport . The authordescribes th e nerveless , dar ing cowboy, h is garb , hi s speech, rodeorules, a n d i h e different contests. Lists th e winners and winn ings o fthe champions fo r the past 5 years. Hard cover _ $5.95T H E VI R G I N I A C IT Y CO O K B O O K . H e l e n an d Phil l ip Brown, Kath-arine Best, an d Kathari ne Hi l l yer . Th e West's most lusty a n d raucouscookb ook. Collected from characters, past a n d present, w h o havecont r ibuted to the lore o f Virginia City and the fabulous ComstockLode. Hundreds o f authent ic western recipes. I l lustrated b y HarryDiamond. Bound in washable plast ic material. _ - $3.95T H E A M E R I C A N S O U T H W E S T . A Golden Regional Guide by Nat tD o d g e a n d H . S . Z i m . With 4 0 0 subjects in ful l color, includingIndian vi l lages, historical sites, scenic routes, guide maps, animals,f lowers . A gu ide fo r the t raveler a nd reader. Paper cover. $1CABINS A N D V A C A T I O N H O U S E S . This Sunset book contains 2 52plans a n d draw ings and 250 photos. Tells h o w t o plan cabins fo rbeach, mountains o r desert . Paperback. 12 8 pages. $ 1 .9 5P H Y S I O L O G Y O F M A N O N T H E D E S E R T . E. F. Adol ph an d Associates.Report o f f ield research into th e many factors involved i n man's sur-v ival o n t h e desertheat, wate r, cloth ing, shelter. Charts, maps,photos . 3 5 7 pages, paper bound $2 Cloth $3NATI VE PLANTS FO R C A L I F O R N I A G A R D E N S . Le e W . Lenz. Californiahas a wea l t h o f native flowers a n d shrubs, many o f which makedel ight fu l domest ic landscaping. Here are the recommended species,an d h o w t o grow t hem in your garden. Photo i l lus. 16 6 pages. $3.95A N T H O L O G Y O F D E S E R T P O E T R Y . A collect ion of 89 poet ic interpre-tat ions of the desert land. Peaceful a n d inspirat ional reading fo r thosewho would medi tate under th e spell o f verse. Paperbound $ 1 .5 0A N Z A- B O R R E G O D E S E R T G U I D E B O O K . H o r ac e Pa rk e r . First completeand authent ic guide to California's largest state park. Fo r motorist ,camper an d hiker. Maps an d pic tures . 10 8 pages $2.50MEET T H E S O U T H W E S T D E S E R T S . P h i ll ip W e l l e s . A wel l i l lus t ratedguide book that generalizes th e Southwest desert country fo r thenewcomer or fo r the relatives back east w h o think that Indians st i l lr ide Model Ts whi le th e squaws walk behind. 11 0 i l lustrat ions. 82pages. Paper-back $ 1 , Hard-bound . $2.25LAND O F R O O M E N O U G H A N D T I M E E N O U G H . R i ch a rd E . Klink.The story o f Monument Val ley . Geology, los t mine legend, Indianl ore . Hard cover. M any photos - __ $66 / Desert Magazine / October, 1961

G E M S - M I N E R A L SROCKY TRAI LS O F T H E PAST. Charles Labbe. Contains factual infor-mation a n d locat ion o f more than one-hundred o ld mining camps o fNevada. 24 photographs. 2 22 pages. Paper cover $3.50GEM CUTTI NG. John Si nkankas. Most complete book y e t wr i t t encover ing th e whole f ie ld o f gemcraf t , f rom gather ing i n the f ie ld t othe fashioning o f beaut i fu l jewels . A pract ical guide fo r amateurand professional. 41 3 pages. I Hus. $8.95FI ELD GUI DE T O ROCKS A N D MI NERALS. Frederi ck H . Pough. Colori l lustrat ions. Textbook covering th e whole f ield o f minerals f o r bothstudent an d veteran mineralogist - $4.50FI ELD BOOK O F C O M M O N R O CKS A N D M I N E R A L S . F. B. Loomis.Nature Field Book series. For col lec t ing, ident i f icat ion. 14 4 pages o nminerals, 96 on rocks. Minerals in which color is impor t an t f o rident i f icat ion are i l lustrated in color . Many photos , drawings. G e o -logical t ime chart , bibl io. , index, 3 5 2 pages. Special $3.50R O C K S A N D MI NERALS O F CALI FOR NI A. Vi nson Brown an d Davi dAllan. Manual f o r collectors, wi th maps show ing Californi a f ield t r iplocat ion. 48 specimens in color plates. Paper, $2.95 Clot h, $4.50MI NERALS A N D R O C K S . H . W . Ball. Beautiful large color pictures o fgeologic specimens ar e featured i n this 96-page book $4.95QUARTZ FAMI LY MI NERALS. Dake, Fl eener, W i l son. Descript ion a n doccurrences of one o f the most interest ing mineral grou ps. Includesquartz crystals, amethyst, sagenite, agate a n d chalcedony, jasper,bloodstone, carnelian a n d sard , geodes a n d thundereggs, pet r i f iedw o o d , etc . Reading l ist , i l lus., index. 3 04 pages $5.75H A N D B O O K FO R P R O S P E C T O R S . M . W . vo n Bernewi tz . Completeguide f o r prospectors a n d operators o f small mines, including equip-ment , mining laws, mineralogy a n d geology, sampl ing a n d assaying,field tests a n d measurements, markets a n d prices. Glossary, index,547 pages $9G E M S T O N E S O F NO RT H AMER I CA. John Si nkankas. Th e largest a n df inest work o n g e m rocks o f this cont inent. The author is recognizedas an expert . 6 75 pages, beaut iful i l lustrat ions, many i n color.Indexed, p lus b ib l iography a n d glossary $ 1 5T H E R O C K B O O K . C a rr o ll a nd Mi l dred Fenton. A n author i tat ive,usable volume o n t h e rocks of the w o r l d . A classic in its field.Beautiful ful l color photos, plus 48 pages o f black a n d whi t e , a n ddraw ings . 3 6 0 pages $8.95H O W T O K N O W T H E MI NERALS A N D ROCKS. Ri chard M . Pearl . A ni l lustrated f ield guide t o more than 12 5 important minerals a n d rocks,with ident if icat ion keys. For the amateur a n d beginner ; handy pocketsize. 19 2 pages $4.25R O C K T O RI CHES. Charl es H . Dunni ng. Story o f Arizona mines a n dminingpast, present a n d future, wr i t ten by a man w i t h 5 0 yearsmining exper ience in the Copper State. 4 0 6 pages. I l lustrat ions. $8.75P O P U L A R P R O S P E C T I N G . H . C . D a k e , edi tor of The Mineralogis t .Field guide fo r the part-t ime prospector a n d g e m hunter . Where toprospect, descript ion o f minerals, valuable prospect ing notes. - $2G E O L O G I C A L S T O R Y O F DEATH VALLEY. Thom as Cl em ents . Revisededi t ion o f a popular book let about th e geologic or ig ins a n d forms o fthe famous valley. I l lustrate d, 58 pages. Paperbound- $1.50H O W T O C U T G E M S . D an O' Bri en. Long a popular guide book inits f ie ld , it describes in unders tandable language th e basic steps o fgem cut t ing, inc luding s labbing, t r im sawing, dopping, pol ishing,etc. 18 chapters. 5 0 pages. Paperback. $1AR T O F G E M C U T T I N G . D a k e & Pearl . H o w t o s a w , gr ind, sand, d o pand polish cabochons an d facets; opt ics, chemical a n d physical prop-erties o f gems; test ing gems; instruments a n d equipment ; spec ia llapidary techniques. I l lus., paper . ___ $ 2G E M T U M B L I N G . T h e Victors. A gu ide fo r amateur lapidarists. Alsodescribes baroque jewelry making. Paperback. 5 5 pages. . $ 2U L T R A V I O L E T G U I D E T O MI NER ALS. Ste r l ing Gl eason. Invaluablegu ide fo r both hobby is t a n d professional prospector o f minerals,gems, a n d ores. Four chapters on ar t of ident i fy ing minerals b ytheir fluorescence; charts f o r quick , s imple ident i f icat ion. 2 5 0 pages,color a n d black-and-w hite i l lustrat ions $6.95D I V I N G A N D D I G G I N G FO R GOLD. Pages of History Staff. A guidefor amateur prospectors a n d skin divers. M a p showing major golddeposits in Oregon, Cal i forn ia a nd Nevada. 24 page book let . $.75G E M H U N T E R ' S A T L A S , S O U T H W E S T . H . Cyril Johnson. 3 2 maps o fgem fields in Utah, Colorado, Ar izona a n d N e w Mex ico . . $ 1


7/44

NEW IDEAS for DESERT LIVINGBy DA N LEE

pic k up an d goVagaBondia!

Gel away from it alt and carry the comforts ofhome with you! F ishing, hunt ing, camping, travel-i ng , relaxing . . . l i fe 's more fun wi th a Vaga-Bondia! Sleeps 4 to 6! Beau tiful inter ior! F i ts any pickup! * Completely outf i t te d! 6 ' 1 " headroom! 25 % more qua l i t y ! V a g a B o n d i a E x p lo r e r s C l u b o r g a n i z e d t r i p s ,group act iv i t ies ! Cab-over models from $ 1 1 7 7 * 5 0FREE BROCHURE! W rit e Dep t. D

21203 S. FIGUEROA ST.TORRANCE, CALIF.Z aq a Bt mc U a

"Specialists inSouthwestern Presswork"

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Printers of Desert Magazine BooksPamphletsResort FoldersColor Production

*We offer these important extras toauthors who are considering the per-sonal publishing of theirwork: critical pre-pub-lication analysis, print-ing c ra f t smanship ,retail - wholesaleoutlets, publicity,and business in-tegrity.For freeestimates write:DESERTPRINTERS, Inc.Palm Desert, Calif.

E ACH MONTH, dozens of new productsspecifically or inci-dentally aimed at the desertland-oriented consumerhit thema rket . Most of these freshly engineered items fall into oneor more of the following categories:1. Tools and equipment for desert homesteaders.2. Camping equipment.3 . Gadgets for better desert living.4 . Recreational products.5. Vehicles for special duty.

Starting this issue, Desert Magazine will gather and evaluateseveral new items each m onth . The tests will try to de termine thefollowing poin ts:A. What is the new product and how can it bespecifically applied to desert living?B. If it is a tool or household product, whatmakes it different from other products of a similarnature?C. Is it merely "new"or is it truly practicaland useful?D . Under first-hand testing, does the productlive up to the manufacturer's claims?E. Complete specifications, prices and where-

to-buy data.Offering test opinions on new products can be a delicate matter,especially when these opinions are mea nt for mass con sum ption . Todo this job for our readers, this publication has called on Dan Lee, a3 2-year-old freelance writer whose work to date has appeared in 35national magazines. Lee has made new prod ucts his w ritin g specialtyin over 600 published articles. He has examined, tested and w ritt enabout hundreds of new products for such magazines as PopularScience, Popular Mechanics, Better Hom es and G ardens, PopularBoating, and Sunset.Anyone w ith a manu factured prod uct specifically applicable toDesert Southwest use, can con tact this column by w riting to : Ne wIdeas, Desert Magazine, Palm Desert, Calif.

A NEW TOOL FOR CABINBUILDERS: A new portablecircular sawcalled the "C-Saw" by its maker is anamazing tool. It is powered by itsown tiny gas engine, allowing cord-less operation free from outside power

sources. The advantages are obvious,since most remote-area cabins are notserviced with electricity. Careful de-sign is obvious in the "C-Saw." The3A horsepower two-cycle gas engineitself weighs only 3*4 pounds. To-gether with the saw housing and 8"blade, total weight of the tool is alow 11 pounds. Th is is lighter byOctober, 1961 / Desert Magazine / 7


8/44

PORTABLE S A Wtwo or three pounds than many elec-tric 8" circular saws.The "C-Saw" has a bevel adjust-ment and wil l cut tW on 90 and45 angleswith calibrated scales fordepth-of-cut and bevel. The saw isact ivated by pull ing the "string" onthe engine 's rewind starter. Th echoke lever is handy to the handle,and i t is quite simple to hold the sawwith one hand and pull the stringwith the othe r. "C-Saw" has goodbalance, good "feel" for a portabletool.

Si tuated on the handle under theuser 's thumb is a "ki l l -button". Oneof the first things I noticed about thetool was the swiftness with whichblade rotation halteda good safetyfeature.PE RF OR M AN CE : Users of e lec-tric circular saws will have to get usedto the "C-Saw". It isn't advisable toram the blade through a 2x4 withsheer muscle power! Remember thatwith electric saws you have tremen-

I HICKORY FARMS OF OHIO"BEEF STICK""No Pepper""No Garlic""No Vinegar""No Pork"

FOR SPORTSMEN A MUST for Fishing, Hunting,Camping, Picnics, Boating, Pack-ing Trips Because of its longlasting freshnesswill keep with-out refr igeration.Guarantee of Satisfactionand Safe DeliveryNo Charge for Mailing1 0 0 % Pure BeefHickory Farms of OhioWestern DivisionP. O. Box 3306, Van Nuys, Cal.Approx. 4 Ib, beef sticks ore $5.98 ea. includ-ing all packing and mailing. Send check ormoney order.Please ship me Beef Sticks at $5.98 ea.New Customer Old Customer

T o :

Send a gift th at is "Deliciously Differe nt"

ELECTRIC BREATHdous power behind the blade. Witha gas engine, the cutt ing performancewill depend in large part on atmos-pheric condit ions and carburetor ad-justment. The first two or three timesI tried the "C-Saw" it ran through a2x4 with easenot as fast as an elec-tric model, but reasonably fast. Thenext day it was cloudy and I triedagain. This t ime the blade seemed tobog down. A simple carburetor ad-justment corrected the si tuat ion, how-ever.

Plywood is a cinch to cut. The onlyannoying fault I could find was thegas-tank. With the saw used overheador on its side, fuel leaked out aroundthe cap gasket. Not mu ch bu tenough to bother me. Tightening thecap frequently is necessary.All things considered, the "C-Saw"looks and feels like a tool the cabin-builder can really enjoy. It is a prac-tical tool, not a toy. With care in op-eration, I'd say it should last manyyears. It will not supplant the electricsawbut as the first portable circularsaw, it will find a definite place indesert life. "C-Saw" is made by theComet Mfg. Co., P. O. Box 2098-D,

Pasadena, Calif. The Price is $119.95.For a local source on a retail leveltry the following: Valley Equipment,4011 E. Palm Canyon Drive, PalmSprings, Calif.; Arizona WeldingEquipment Co. , 1001 Black CanyonRoad, Phoenix; Ray Heyne MachineC o . , 707 W. Buchanan, Phoenix.A SUBSTITUTE FOR WIND-POWER: Anyone who hastramped the hil ls all day andreturned to camp, bone-tired,knows the agony of puffing up anair-mattress! An import from Japancalled the "Lectro-Flate" promises torelieve such suffering. This productis a tiny air-pump about the size ofa fist. It operates off either 6-volt or12-volt auto battery. Just plug it into

NO NEED FOR ICEyour car's cigarette lighter receptacle,a t tach the rubber tube on the pump

continued on page 36

D e s e r t M a g a z i n eA R T G A L L E R Y

. . . invites youto see your favorite Southwesternartist's latest workSPECIAL EXHIBITS1961-62 Winter Season

Oct. 5-26BEATIEN YAZZH ARRIS O N B E G AYtalented Navajo artistsEVELYN GRIERSONGhost Towns of Nevada

Oct. 26-Nov. 16CO NRAD B UFFNov. 16-Dec. 7R. BROWNELL McGREW

Dec. 7-28JOHN HILTONDec. 28-Jan. 18

MILFORD ZORNESJ a n . 18-Feb. 8B I L L B E N D E RF e b . 8-28BURT PROCTER

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I Desert Magazine / October, 1961


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A Christmas PrayerGreeting is a sincere andoppropriate verseWinter FriendsSeason's Greet ings and BestWishes for he N ew Year

Greet ings. . .With Best Wishes at Christmasand Happiness through all heComing YearChristmasBest Wishes for aHappyHoliday Season

Santa's HelpersGreeting is a friendly and ap-propriate verseSign of he Season Western Wonder and Western SantaMerry Christmas and a HappyNew YearGlad Tidings along the trail andGood Prospects for the New Year Merry Christmas and aHappyNew Year

Navajo WeaverWith Best Wishes for aHappyHoliday Season A nd Be h o l d , T h e S t a r - "Wild Best Wishes or (he Seasonand Ha ppiness throughout theComing YearCompetitionest Wishes for aMerry Christ-mas an d a Happy New Year Main Street MusicA very Merry Christmas andRest Wishes n the Coming Year

inkn of * atClrlilmai.

Prairie Post OfficeWith Best Wishes lor aMerry Thinkin' of you at ChristmasRanch House SantoA friendly greeting at Christmas Merry Christmas and aHappyNew Yearhristmas toYour Outfit fromOurs an d Best Wishes for the NewYear

Loop Ful l OfCheer

Best Wishes for the Holidaysand Ha ppiness throughout theNew YearU S E T H I S P AG E T O O R D E R : Write quantity ofeach card you want inbox below il lustration. Any assortment O.K. Circle total quantity and costbelow. Fill out coupon and mail entire page with cash, check, or money

T h e L A Z y R L R A N C H P.O. Box 950Boulder , Colo.Candles ofT h e l o r dMay the Spirit of Christmas AbideWith You Throughout the Com-ing Year

All new and different for1961. Beautiful full-color reproductions of originalpaintings by op Western artists Lorenz, Tilton, Donahue, Wands, and Hilton.Printed on heavy-grade textured paper, folds to4' /2"x 6 1 //, with matching en-velopes. With orwithout your name custom printed inred tomatch greetings.These exclusive cards available by mail only. Your order shipped within 24 hours.Orders accepted through Dec. 15 for his Christmas. Use this handy page, ororder by letter.. .today!

TOTAL QUANTITY 15WITHOUT NAME $2.50WITH NAME $3.50

AddressCityNames tobe printed

253.504.50

507.008.50

7510.5012.75

10012.9514.95

15018.9521.75

20024.9528.50

30036.7541.95

Colorado residents add 2%

Zone State

50059.9567.95

sales tax.

MONEY BACK GUARANTEE WE PAY POSTAGEOctober, 1961 / Desert Magazine / 9


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I P O M O E A T R EE S A N D W I LD C A CT U S G A R D E N , M O R E L O S

in the sparse furnishings of his office,he produced a broken cardboard boxcontaining a few scattered timbresand began sorting out the ten 30-centavo stamps requested by Mom."Uno," he counted, tearing off asingle stamp and handing it to Mom."Dos," tearing off another and tend-ering it. "Tres . . ." and so on, forthe full ten stamps.After the postmaster had com-pleted this onerous piece of businessit occurred to Mom that it might bea long while before we found anotherpostoffice, and that a stamp in handwas worth several somewhere else.She accordingly produced three morepesos and asked for another tenstamps. Instead of swatting her, ortossing her out of the office as heprobably felt like doing, El Casco'spostmaster heaved a deep sigh, look-ed only slightly annoyed, and begancounting and tearing off, individually,

ten more stamps.# # #"BANK NIGHT" IN THE BACK-COUNTRY: Mom is never happierthan when she is making othershappy, and that evening at Tempoalshe was in her glorya bit of ribbonand some lace for this little girl wholooked as if she might like to sew;some marbles and a couple of plasticsoldiers for this boy; some bright con-struction paper and a crayon for thisartistic-looking youngster and forevery child, without fail, two or threeof the pretty Christmas cards we hadsaved over the seasons.

Although every child in the groupwas quivering with anticipation tolearn what he or she should receive,I have never known a more orderly

crowd. Th ere was no pushing orjostling, no loud talk, no horse-play.On two occasions older boys m otionedto Mom to give something to thetinier ones instead of to themselves,and once a boy of nine or ten yearsquietly called her attention to a littlefellow who had arrived late and wasin danger of being overlooked. Near-ly every child, as he received his gifts,thanked her with a softly spoken,"Gracias, sennra!"During much of the program, anelderly man and woman had beenlooking on from the sidelines. As thelast child took his departure and wegot in the truck to leave, the old manstepped forward, removed his hat andclasped it over his breast, and in-

clined his head in a little bow. Hisface was handsomely wrinkled, a verykind face, and his voice was as softas the south wind whispering overmeadow grass. He said this was a finething Mom had done, that she hadmade all the little ones happy, andwhen the little ones were happy,everyone in the village was happy.# # AT THE DURANGO MARKET:In the course of our browsing throughthe market we spotted some goodlooking green peas and thought itwould be interesting to have a fewfor supper. Without inquiring theprice, Mom asked for two pesos'worth. With the pea-vendor pilingpods on the scoop of his scales, onedouble handful after another, thepile mounted higher and higher.

"Good grief!" exclaimed Mom, atlast. "How many is he going to giveus? How can we ever eat all thosepeas'."Perhaps the produce man under-stood a bit of English; or maybe hecould interpret the tone of her voice.In either case he glanced up coylyand stopped putting peas on the scale.Even at that, he had filled our shop-ping bag half full of them for only16 cents. * *

A CHICKEN FOR SALE: The smallamount of stock offered by some ofthe Indian women at the market atSan Cristobal las Casas was trulypitiful. One young wom an, sitting onthe ground outside the market build-ing and shivering in the chill morn-ing air, was cradling on her lap asingle red hen. As she awaited a pur-

C A M P A T 1 0 , 5 0 0 FE E T A LT I T U D E , I N T H E P I N E S N E A R P U E B L A



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ZINACANT ECAN CORN VENDOR

chaser, the girl affectionately strokedthe glossy feathers on the hen's headand neck, and now and again leaneddown to whisper to the bird. Whatemergency, what tragic circumstanceor great need, wasprompting thesaleof this fowl, soobviously a family pet?# * *CHIAPAS IS A BIT GAYER: Eventhe people of this far south land ofChiapas seemed conspicuously differ-en t in character. Everyone was spon-taneously friendly, openly exuberant.When traveling in Mexico, Mom andI make it a practice to wave to virtu-ally everyone we meet or overtakealong the highway, whether afoot orhorseback or only standing beside theroad. Almost invariably the personsto whom we wave respond to ourlittle gesture of friendliness and seempleased by it. But here in Chiapaswe found the tables turned. Thenatives waved first! Many times, aswe passed along the road, we heardsmall boys shout happily, "Buenosdias, senoras!" or even "Buenos dias,senoritas!" To us old musketeers, of74 and 51, it was the height of flat-tery to be called the equivalent of"miss," and the greeting made agreat hit with Mom. Once, as wepassed a roadside group of youngmen, our ears caught the familiartwo-note whistle of the Hollywoodwolf-pack, and one young fellowthrew us a kiss!IGUANAS FOR SALE OR LEASE:Soon after lunching at the edge ofTaxco, we began winding sharplydowngrade; and right in the middleof one of the steepest pitches three

children dashed out in the road, di-rectly ahead of us, in the same man-ner movie highwaymen dash fromhiding to hold up the Deadwoodstage. But, instead of brandishingsix shooters, each of these Guerreroyoungsters was brandishing an igu-ana!Leaping out of harm's way, thethree children began pounding downthe road beside us, the repulsive liz-ards cradled in their arms.Each iguana was wearing aroundits middle sort of a leash, or halter.When I tried to prevail upon thechildren to remove these ropes sothe creatures would look more nat-ural, they refusedshaking their headsviolently even when I offered fivepesos for a single picture without thehalter.Continuing down the grade wewere accosted by possibly a dozenmore youngsters, each with halterediguanas, offered for sale, lease, orphotographic purposes. After the firstexperience, however, the novelty sortof wore off and we did not stop again.

# #AT THE MONTE ALB AN RUINS:One well-dressed Mexican appeared

to be completely captivated by theplace. He was alone and obviouslywished to remain so. In our wander-ings over the plaza, and around thepyramids and terraces facing on it,we ran across this chap on severaloccasionspossibly staring intently atsome huge carved stone, hands lockedbehind his back and his entire atten-tion concentrated on the object be-fore him. Next we would see himstudying some other pa rt of the ruins,still lost in his own private world ofwonder and fascination. He respectedour privacy, we respected his; and inthe nearly two hours that the threeof us were in close association, weexchanged a total of only six words.This abbreviated conversation tookplace when the three of us unexpect-edly came face to face in an under-ground chamber of one of the smallerpyramids centering the plaza."5 mucho grande!" offered Mom,as an ice-breaker.

For a moment we thought theMexican hadn't heard her, or wasn'tgoing to answer. Then he shook hishead, slowly and wonderingly."Si!" he said, softly. "Pensar . . .

p e n s a r . . ." ( T o t h i n k . . . t o t h i n k ) .

M OM ATTHE TEMPLE OF QUETZALCOATL, PYRAMIDS OF SANJUAN TEOTIHUACANOctober, 1961 / Desert Magazine / 13


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S M O G O V E R T H E D E S E R T

B y E R W / N K A U P E R


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sity remained low, this situation was accepted as rightand normal.The justification for using no controls on pollution-production processes may be simply s t a t e d as beingbased on economics. Air currents provided the easiestand cheapest way to get rid of the dust by-products. Aspeople settled nearer to the mill or smelter, troublesbegan. Industry claimed th at since it was there firstit had a prior right to continue in its old ways. Th enewcomer, though, claimed that they acquired a pro-perty right to the clean desert air when they purchasedtheir piece of grou nd. Jus t because industry had beenusing more than its rightful share of the air-in effectsquatting on air in the public domain-this did not meanthat it could continue this habit indefinitely. Th e cat-tle rancher versus farmer tribulations of the early Westis being closely duplicated by the industrialist and home-owner of the present day. T he q uestion then was whe-ther anyone had the right to an unfenced range.

T H E QUESTION HAS NOW BECOME: HAS ANYONETHE RIGHT TO UNLIMITED USAGE OF THE AIR, TOPOLLUTE AS HE WILL?

The desert farmer, too, contributes to air pollutionthrough some of his practices. T he b urn ing of croprefuse can smoke up an entire valley, as may be seenin such favored places as the Coachella and Imperialvalleys. Crop spraying and dusting can be a seriousair pollution problem at times. Some materials, suchas 2-4D, used in weed control, prove to be plant-damag-ing as far as 10 miles from the site of application, theresult of a gentle drift of the toxic material with thewind.

ON THE OTHER HAND, THE FARMER IS OFTEN ONTHE RECEIVING END OF THE POLLUTION PROBLEM.Crops and livestock may be affected by fluorine com-pounds released by steel mills, and by sulfur dioxidefrom smelters. A special case involves modern pollut-antsradioactive materials dusting the herds in southernNevada and eastern Utah, the aftermath of the atomicweapons testing in Nevada. Farmers downwind of theSouthern California smog belt find their susceptiblecrops showing increasing symptoms of air pollution in-jury. For examp le, the alfalfa stand s of the AntelopeValley in the southwestern corner of the Mojave Deserthave shown the effects of smog, still potent after crossinga mountain rangepotent enough to wither and scarthe alfalfa leaflets.This potency is the direct result of the peculiar chem-ical reactions that occur in the atmosphere after thesmog-forming materials are released into the air. Alarge source of hydrocarbonsgasoline vaporacted onby sunlight and allowed to combine with nitrogen ox-idesthe result of any type of burningresults in the

eye-stinging smog of Los Angeles. As this clo ud ofpollutants moves inland, pushed by the westerly winds,the reactions continue, forming a whole series of ever-changing compounds. Gradually the eye-irritating por-tions disappear but the plant-damaging materials lingeron.

THAT AIR POLLUTION IN DESERT AREAS IS TAKENSERIOUSLY BY CONTROL AGENCIES MAY BE SUR-MIZED FROM THE FACT THAT ROUTINE AIR AN-ALYSES ARE BEING MADE IN DESERT COMMUNITIES.The Riverside County Air Pollution Control District

A GRICUL TURE B UR N IN G SO U THEA ST O F IN D IO IN THE C O A C HEL LA VAL LEY O F C AL IF O R N IAOctober, 1961 / Desert Magazine / 15


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H O W W A R M AIR L A Y E R T E N D S TO T R A P S M O K E AND O T H E R P O L L U T A N T S IN A D E S E R T V A L L E Y -

W A R M AIR

is sampling the air at Blythe, Indio and Palm Springs.Tests for plant damaging materials have been made byLos Angeles County in the Antelope Valley, while SanBernardino County has measured the oxidant concen-trations in the Hesperia area.

WEATHER FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO DESERT AIRPOLLUTION ATTACKS HAVE BEEN STUDIED IN DETAIL.

While Southwest climate varies from that of a coolhigh desert valley in Nevada to the warm valleys of theColorado Desert, certain conditions leading to potentialpollution are common to all. Basically, the weathersituation most likely to result in an air pollution attackis the one that brings the nicest of weather. In this thedesert areas are similar to the coastal smog communities.

HOWEVER, WHILE LOS ANGELES HAS ITS SMOGMAINLY DURING THE SUMMER AND EARLY FALL,THE DESERT CONDITIONS OF WINTER BRING THEGREATEST THREATTHOSE QUIET SPELLS OF GENTLEWINDS WHEN A STABLE AIR MASS SETTLES OVERTHE DESERT SOUTHWEST.

Under these conditions the air is most stable, so thatany pollutant added to the air tends to remain sus-pended. When the build-up of these materials is greatenough, people take notice of the presence of air pollu-tion.During a period of air stagnation, cold air settles ina valley. This air is overlain by warmer air above. Anypollutant released near the valley floor will remain-trapped, unable to rise because of the density differencebetween the lower cold air and the overlying warm air.As long as there is insufficient wind to move the pollutedair out, the pollution load will continue to increase.A study made of the Antelope Valley by the LosAngeles County Air Pollution Control District revealedthat this desert area's weather conditions are such thatpotentially it could have about half the number ofsmoggy days as does Los Angeles. Antelope Valley's baddays would occur mainly in winter. The intense sum-mer heat of the desert effectively keeps the air stirred,allowing any pollutant to disperse into the higheratmosphere.

T H E DESERT AREA WITH THE HIGHEST AIR POLLU-TION POTENTIAL, BASED ON WEATHER FACTORS, ISTH E Low DESERT OF SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA.

An expanding population and a valley configurationconducive to eddying air currents, such as found in theCoachella Valley, appear to make this region the onewith a pollution problem closest at hand. Evidence ofthis may be seen in the generally low visibility observedby the airport weather stations at Palm Springs andThermal. While the general desert visibility may be40 miles or better, these stations will report a visibility

range of from 10 to 20 miles. And this is most oftenhaze (smog, if you wi l l ) , not suspended dust from desertdust storms.H O W MUCH OF THIS POLLUTION LOAD HAS COMEFROM ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS FROM THE LOSANGELES BASIN IS NOT FULLY KNOWN.

However, there have been enough instances when theair flow was such as to suggest that the haze of theCoachella Valley is homemade .O ne of the meteorological accomplices of the pol lu-t ion problem in Coachella is the reversing wind flowthat regularly occurs. A flow from the northwest is re-placed by one from the southeast .

T H U S , AN INDIVIDUAL PARCEL OF POLLUTION MAYBE CARRIED BACK AND FORTH ACROSS COACHELLAVALLEY FOR SOME TIME BEFORE A FRESH WINDCLEANS OUT THE VALLEY.

Can this process of progressive pollut ion of the desertair be halted and reversed? While it has been statedtha t the only positive control is to eliminate people, thisneed not be the only solut ion. The people who choosethe desert in which to l ive, whether they made thischoice 50 years ago or just yesterday, deserve to brea thethe clean air they bought when they purchased theirpiece of desert grou nd. Luckily, the desert is not a re-gion in the forefront of indust r ia l and commercialdevelopment .

BECAUSE OF THE DESERT AREA'S LEISURELY PACEOF GROWTH THE DESERT DWELLER MAY SAFELYAWAIT DEVELOPMENTS THAT ARE NOW A POSITIVENECESSITY TO RESIDENTS OF THE CROWDED COASTALBELT.

As air pollut ion control engineers succeed in muzzlingemissions with control devices, these devices can bemade mandatory on smog-making sources in the desertcommunit ies. Present technology can provide controlsfor almost all types of industrial sources, includingcement plants and mill ing and smelt ing operat ions.W h e n the automobi le cont rol is developed, as surely itmust, this can be added as a weapon against the foulingof air.T H E GOAL OF CLEAN AIR FOR EVERYONE WILL BEACHIEVED ONLY THROUGH VIGILANCE.

New sources of power, new opera t ions , all carry thepossibility of new pol lut ion problems. But if controlsare applied as they are made available, the princ ipleof enough air for each man's vi tal functions, with noone usurping the air of a communi t y in which to dis-pose of unwanted by-products of his activities, will beattained in as complete a measure as is possible in theimperfect social world. / / /16 / Desert Magazine / October, 1961


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w,TH SHRILL whoops of mingledpain, rage and frustration, the fierceMescalero Apaches fled from Fort Davisand headed for their ancestral homeshigh in the neighboring mountains, leav-ing their dead and wounded on thepost grounds. The soldiers poured alast volley at the fleeing Indians, andthen prepared to care for the woundedand bury the dead.

Fort Davis, in the Trans-Pecos areaof Texas, was established in 1854 on

people," Tom said. "I guess Indians areall alike. They do n't want our way oflife."The mother knew what the son hadnot even guessed. "Em ily did want ourlife," she said. "She was in love withyou and wanted to marry you."But, Tom married Mary. The weeksbecame months and finally a year passedwith no news of Emily. She seeminglyhad vanished into the nowhere fromwhence she had come.

lndian Emilys TragedyBy LOUISE CHENEY AUER

orders of Jefferson Davis, Secretary ofWar, to protect travelers on the Over-land Trail leading to points West. Earlythat morning the post had suffered asurprise attack, but aided by men ofseveral large freight outfits that hadcamped the night there, the soldiers in-flicted heavy casualties on the Indians.While the burial detail was workingat its grim task, one of the "corpses"raised a hand and moaned. "H ey,"cried a soldier as he bent over the pronefigure, "this one's alive, and it's a girl.""Bring her inside," ordered the cap-tain. "Put her in the hospital with themen."A young lieutenant, Tom Easton,stepped forward and saluted. "Sir," headdressed the captain, "my mother isgood at nursing and I'm sure she'll carefor the girl in our ho me. Let me callher."Mrs. Easton had the girl moved toa comfortable adobe room behind her

home, and tenderly cared for her. Du r-ing the Apache girl's convalescence, shelearned to speak a few words of Englishenough to make known the fact thatshe wanted to remain with the Eastonsafter she recovered. It was agreed thatshe would be the Eastons' maid, andthe girl took the name, Emily.Emily was supremely happy in hernew home until Mary Nelson and herfamily moved to Fort Davis. Tom wasimmediately attracted to Mary, and soonwas spending all his spare time with her.

Emily became increasingly silent andwithdrawn. And then it happened: Tomand Mary announced their engagement.That night Emily stole away."She's probably gone back to her

T H E S T AT E 'S T R IB U T E T O A N I N D I A N H E R O I NE

The Indians, meanwhile, were raid-ing the whites with increasing boldness.Wagon trains, stages, travelers and out-lying ranches were attacked. For t Daviswas on constant alert.One dark night a sentry at the Fortdetected muted footsteps near the post."Halt or I'll fire!" he commanded. No

answer came from a shadowy formthat whirled past him. Th e soldiersqueezed his trigger, and a woman criedout in pain.They found Emily on the ground.She was fatally wounded."I hear talk," she was able to tellher friend, Mrs. Easton. "My peoplecoming to kill by the light of morningI tell so Tom no get killed." And thenthe Apache girl died.The raiding party struck at dawn, butthe entire garrison was waiting. TheApaches did not have a chance.Emily was buried at the foot of themountain between the post buildingsand Limpia Creek. The fort carpentercut out a crude wooden headboard, andprinted upon it: "Indian Squaw K illedby Accident."This caustic monument eventuallyfell victim to the consuming efforts oftime and weather. Only a heap of rocksremained to mark Emily's lonely gravewhen, in 1936, the State CentennialCommission of Texas erected a more

fitting headstone. The granite mon u-ment reads: "H ere lies Indian Em 'ly,an Apache girl whose love for a youngofficer induced her to give warning ofan Indian attack. Mistaken for an en-emy she was shot by a sentry, but savedthe garrison from massacre." / / /

P R E S E N T - D A Y R U I N S O F F O R T D A V I S , T E X A S

TURN THE PAGE FOR THE STORYOF ANOTHER BRAVE TRIBESMAI


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D r . T o m - T o m - B e a t i n g - T h c - W i n dThe strange story of an Apache Horatio Alger who rose to greatheights in the whiteman's world,and then met heartbreak trying to help his fellow tribesmenB y O R E N A R N O L D

I NDIANS IN THE Southwest havecome a long way from the savagerythey once showed white pioneers;and one of their own race set the mainpatte rn for this progress. M uch of theireconomic and social growth since 1940has been exactly what a certain distin-guished Dr. Carlos Montezuma cam-paigned for, without success, prior to hisdeath in 1923.His story is unequalled for sheer in-credibility and excitement. It beganshortly before dawn in Arizona onemorning in 1871. Pima Indians, longvictims of the predatory Apaches,swarmed down on an Apache campbent on revenge.They got it. First step was to firethe several dozen straw wickiups of theApa ches . Th en, jis the terrified villagerscame running through the flames, thePim as gleefully killed them . Only a fewescaped.One six-year-old boy, named Was-saja by his Apache mother, was scream-ing and running down the slope whena Pima warrior on horseback skiddedto a halt, snatched the lad up, then gal-loped on with him.By normal procedure this terrified boyshould have been taken to the victors'

camp and tortured for entertainment.But his Pima captor felt he could besold for profit, so the lad was well fedand groomed for a few weeks, thentaken to the white town of Florence,Arizona."You want to sell this boy?" theastonished whites asked. "Liste n, youignorant heathen, slavery ended in thiscountry six years ago.""Me sell," the Pima insisted.It quickly became a town joke, withmany whites gathered around. Thenan itinerant photographer, a quiet-man-nered man named Carlos Gentile, droveup the street in his wagon. A localyokel hailed him."Hey, Gentile, whyn't you come buythis 'Pach e boy? He ain 't got no family.


He could be yore son." The crowdburst into laughter.Mr. Gentile saw no humor in thesituation. Rathe r, he was taken by the

trembling little captive. He stoopedover him, trying to communicate; theyhad no words in common. But G entile'sheart was touched. He emptied hispursethirty dollars. The Pima took itand rode away.Carlos Gentile, an Italian trekkingthrough the Wild West taking picturesfor a living, thus became Wassaja's firstpersonal contact with white civilization.The boy could hardly have been morefortunate. Not only was Gentile welleducated and cultured, he was a manof high ideals. He immediately had his"son" christened Carlos for himself,Montezuma for a renowned ruler in thepre-history of the Southwest. The n toget the boy out of frontier environment,he put him in his wagon and headedeastward.Their adventure is a classic of man-teaching-son. Discovery was the mainpart of itthe lad's first look at photosand mistaking them for little live people;his thinking window glass was ice; hisamazement at his first trainpulled byan iron horse that ate live horses then

burned them for power, he decided.But meanwhile he learned the strangewords and ways of the white people.Upshot was that in barely two yearshe was leading his class in a white schoolin Chicago. He w as expert in every-thing; in 1961 we'd have classified himas a "gifted child," which indeed he was.He helped his new father open a finephoto studio"Large Photographs by aPatented Process a Specialty." He wentto Sunday School. He sold newsp apers.He was on his way to becoming a Ho-ratio Alger paleface hero.Then another critical change cameinto his life; Carlos Gentile droppedout of it. W e do not know why. Weknow only that Gentile boarded theboy with a Baptist minister named Stead-man , then soon disappea red. Gentile

died in 1893 and was buried in Chica-go's Mount Hope Cemetery. He musthave enjoyed high status, for his por-trait hung on the wall of the importantPress Club in that era.Young Carlos went on learning. Un -der Mr. Steadman's guidance he gothelp from the Urbana Y.M.C.A., en-tered a university and was graduatedcum laude in 1884 just 13 years afterhe had seen his first white man!His Bachelor of Science degree ledhim into an interest in medicine, so hewent on to become a doctor, and anexcellent one. Meanwhile, however, healso had developed the instincts of acrusader. He enjoyed much attention,much acclaim from classmates, teachers,

even the public press, because of hisdark Indian color and background andhis outstanding scholarship. So he be-gan to capitalize on that." Y e s , I am an Indian," he'd say ina public address, "but I am no betterthan any other Indian . I have risenhigh, you say, and it is true. But anyother Indian could do the same thing,given half a chance."Was that fantastic? To o idealistic?Dr. Carlos Montezuma didn't think so.In fact the thought became an obsession

with him. And as he prospered in med-icine, he tried more and more to furtherhis crusade for helping the downtroddenIndians of America.He worked briefly for the U.S. Bur-eau of Indian Affairs itself, but cameout of there embittered. He had seenthe crass misuse of public funds by thatagency, the graft and inefficiency. So hebegan to campaign to the general publicagainst that Bure au. No less a per-sonage than President Theodore Roose-velt listened. Ted dy, in fact, calledMontezuma to Washington, interviewed

him, and offered him a job as head ofthat very Bureau!Montezuma had the good sense todecline. He said he could do his peoplemore good as a free-lance campaigner.So he worked at it with more enthu-


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siasm than ever. But this was an erawhen all Indians were still bad Indians;the general public had little feeling forthem, little symp athy. The dark-skinnedApache doctor, more educated thanmost whites, made no headway. Hespent his personal fortune trying, andwas frustrated at ever turn."Then I will take my campaign tomy own people themselves," he decided,and spok e of it publicly. "1 will leadthe Indians in a social revolt."Naturally he'd start with his owntribesmen, the Apache s. So he jour-neyed to Arizona, hired a hack anddriver and went back to Iron Mountainwhere he had been captured as a terri-fied little boy in a Pima raid. He weptthere for his mother, who had tried tosave him. Then he spoke to a group ofApach e men. He told them they coulddo what he had done; they could de-

mand their rights and rise high, equal-ing or bettering the palefaces in socialstatus and prosperity. They were realAmericans, and he was here to helpthem, he would lead them to a levelundreamed of.He waited for their reaction. It cameand it stunned him.They began to laugh, in derision."You are a fool," their leader finallyexplained. "You are Dr. Tom-Tombeating the wind. You yourself haveeverything. Why are you concerning

yourself about us?"There in a drama-charged momentcame the whole crux of the matter.These Apaches, savages for centuriesbehind, simply had no conception of themissionary instinct. You have every-thing house, horses, food, women,wealthwhy are you trying to helpthose who have not? You are a fool!He was appalled.He was seeing the one powerful driv-ing force between savagery and Chris-

tianity; between the life of fang andclaw and the love of fellow man.The discovery broke him. He didnot give up easily, in fact he went ontrying for some years. But he madeno headway. Those very Apaches dis-owned hima fact which causes somemodern historians to say that Monte-zuma was not an Apa che. They m eantspiritual disowning; they were ashamedof a man so weak as to want to helpsomebody who had less than he.Back in his fine medical practice in

Chicago, he wrote documents, he madespeeches, he published tracts, he dideverything he could to promote hiscause, trying to blind himself to per-sonal rebuffs from the red folk. Eventhe whites were apathetic.

Finally he became ill. And w ith that,he became despondent. His wife, aHungarian woman named Maria, couldnot help him. He loved her, he insisted,but he was going back to Arizona oncemore. No, she was not to accompanyhim, she must stay in Chicago and col-lect the bills owed him.He came to Phoenix, again hired ahack and was driven to the Apachedesert reservation near old Fort Mc-Dowell. He dismissed the driver, hiredan Apache girl to build him a typicalpoor-looking wickiup, and arranged forher to bring him a little food each week.

many states. Also a few Apache tribes-men gathered, with their squaws. Hadthey came to scoff? T o jeer at Dr.Tom-Tom-Beating-The-Wind? Maybe.But after the white ceremonies, someof the dark squaws began chanting overhis grave at sundown. And it was nota chant of derision. It was a sacredthing, a proclamation that this goodman had been more important than theyrealized, and had at last been acceptedas one of their tribesmen again. Hewould go down in history as theirprophet.In that they were correct.

Then, wretched with tuberculosis, the For by 1950 many of Mon tezuma's

distinguished Chicago physician, widelyknown as a stomach specialist whotreated the elite of white society, wrap-ped himself in an old blanket and laydown in the wickiup to die.A missionary found him, and sentfor M aria. She came, but she could do

little. On a cold, rainy desert day inJanuary of 1923 the crusader passedon .He had been a prominent officer inthe Masons, so the Masonic funeral wasimpressive, attracting mourners from

DR. CARLOS MONTEZUMA AT 50 YEARS OF AGE

recommended reforms were in force. By1960 many more were, and all theSouthwestern tribesmen were profitingthereby. The Apaches, fiercest of all,have become important cattlemen, forinstance. Long ago he recomm endedthat dirt farming not be forced on thesefine horsemen, but that cattle raising beencouraged.

"He was an Indian ahead of his time,"a modern Apac he said recently. "Hewas not beating the wind. He wasbeating the heart." / / /October, 1961 / Desert Magazine / 19


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E D W A R D M. KERN

TheKERN BROTHERSandTHE IMAGE OF THE WEST

The Kerns were topographic artists with the Fremont Expeditions. Theysketched the West as they saw it, but in spite of their best efforts, theimage of the West was to remain a Romantic one almost into our ownday. It was a garden in its valleys, with gossamer clouds on its sharppeaks. No desert existed which given water would not bloom; no

denuded hill which did not conceal some color and mystery.By ROBERT V. HINE

Assistant Professor of History, University of California atRiverside(This article is reprinted through the courtesy of the Utah Historical Quarterly)

1 ORT Y-TW O ARTISTS applied forthe job; the wonder was there were notmore. John Charles Fremont by vivid-ly reporting his first two western expe-ditions had kindled immense general ex-citement about his third, and in 1845the artists appeared particularly suscep-tible to the call. From this horde ofeager artistic aspirants Fremont chosea lanky Philadelphia art teacher, Ed-ward Meyer Kern, known as Ned. Kernwas a personable young man, full ofhumor, loving a joke and a good bottle.He idolized Fremont, and within himflamed a passionate curiosity about theAmerican West, based, however, on a20 / Desert Magazine / October, 1961

very hazy picture of what it was reallylike.For most men the land beyond theOhio and the Mississippi waspure fancy.The unimaginative simply read Ohiorivers or Mohawk Indians into the blankspaces, but the imaginative had usedthe prose of Lewis and Clark and Zeb-ulon Pike "to create a multiform andfantastic West."George Catlin and Charles Bodmerhelped to correct and sharpen the im-age in the 1830s. Their drawingsproved that Mandans hardly looked likeMohawks and that the landscapes alongthe Missouri were as much like the

banks of the Ohio as chalk like cheese.Following them in the 1840s the head-strong, intense, soft-spoken lieutenant ofthe Topographical Corps, John Fremont,would four times ride west from theMississippi. On each trip he includedan artist to record the scene and to adornhis reports. The controversies that laterswirled around Fremontin the con-quest of California, in the campaign forPresident, in the contretemps with Lin-colnobscured the fact that his finestcontributions lay in further shaping theearly picture of the West.

In this work one of his chief aideswas to be Edward Kern, who, however,


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in 1845 was the greenest of greenhorns.James Fenimore Cooper would have de-scribed him as a "single gentleman un-der the influence of the winds." So nowon a cold and drizzling June day he rodethrough the tumultuous town of West-port, Missouri, and on to the prairiesto join Fremont's outfitting camp. There,amid dinner pots slung over fires, loudtalk, and after-meal songs, he took outhis sketch pad and became the cameraof the expedition, henceforth catchingcandid views of the men, the camps,the saddling and catching up the floraand fauna and geology of the route.His first sketches included the localIndians, such as the missionized Shaw-nees nearby. He wrote his brother thatthe Indians did not resemble in theleast the drawings seen in Philadelphia."The women are up and down like aplank board, no grace, no poetry. Itwants a good deal of imagination tomake them like (John G.) Chapmanpaints them ." Ned was already discard-ing some fanciful ideas .

He was adding many another. Walk-ing over the prairie one day, he pickedup some ribbed mussel shells, remindersof ancient seas. He became most curi-ous about the flowers, took a closer lookat the unfamiliar ones, and probablypressed a few for future study. For ascientific friend back home he was onthe lookout for a buffalo skin with theskull still in it, most likely to be used foranatomical com parisons. So in these firstdays he was already engaged by whatwould be the two masters of his life forthe next fifteen years, art and science.

For seven months they tramped, map-ped, and collected, to Bent's Fort, overthe Rockies to Salt Lake, skirting theridges of the Great Basin, and over theSierra. The sweet streams of one daywould be followed by alkali or salt an-other. Their Christm as was on a wildeastern slope of the Sierra with a yulelog of yucca, and their New Year's feastwas of acorns, a "swinish food" as Nedcalled it. They suffered Indian attacks,mosquitoes, fleas, greasy beards, andemerging ribs. But Ned also carried agrowing pile of charts and sketches:Erodium Circutarium, Fremontia vermi-cularis, Platamts occidentalis, and watercolors which caught "the bold outlinesof the mountains grown with lofty pinesand groves of aspen, dimmed slightlyby the morning mists."California during the conquest in1846 and 1847 was unfortunately notthe place of concentrated attention onart and science. Frem ont's party be-

came a part of the regular army, andNed Kern, now a first lieutenant, wasplaced in charge of Fort Sutter, themanorial estate of the pompous gentle-man from Switzerland. While there Nedrecruited men and horses; he organized

relief for the Donner party trapped inthe Sierra; but, more important for hisfuture, he was forced into frequent con-tacts with Hokan and Penutian Indiangroups of the Sacramento Valley.One of his basic tasks was to protectthe settlers from the Indians' hostileforays, but whenever Ned led the small

garrison from the fort to punish whathe called the "naked Diggers," he car-ried his pencils with him and broughtback sketches of the natives, includingbuxom women, unclothed except forlight grass skirts, gathering, cleaning, orcarrying grass seed. Some years laterin 1853 Henry Rowe Schoolcraft askedNed about California Indian customs,and he responded with three handsomedrawings of natives preparing food. Inan accompanying article he added someappreciative remarks on their crafts: "Inthe manufacture of their baskets andsocks, they display much neatness andtaste, particularly in those covered withfeathers, generally, from the summerduck, and scalps of the redheaded wood-Kern: River, County; Kernville. Kern:Canyon, Flat, Hot Springs, Lake,Peak, Point, Ridge; Little KemRiver, Little Kern Lake, Kern-Ka-weah River. The name of theriver was given by Fremont in1845 for his topographer and art ist ,Edward M. Kern, of Philadelphia,who nar rowly escaped d rowningwhile attempting to cross thest ream."Cal i fornia P lace Names"by Erwin G. Gudde

pecker. . . ." But the punitive nature ofthe marches had left another impression,for he also said, "Treachery and theft,as with all Indians, form part of theircreed."On Kern's return to Philadelphia inearly 1847 he was a center of consider-able interest, especially among scientists.

Two of his older brothers, Benjamin,a physician, and Richard, an artist likehimself who had recently been acceptingcommissions for anatomical and botan-ical drawing, had frequent contacts withimportant local scientists like JosephLeidy and Joseph Carson. Ned, throughthese introductions and his own newempirical knowledge, became part of ascientific circle, and within the year allthree Kern brothers were elected tomembership in the Philadelphia Acad-emy of Natural Sciences.Ned's active progress, however, asariist and scientist was not again resumeduntil the year after his return to Phila-delphia, when in 1848 he joined Fre-mont again. The outfitting camp outsideWe stport was conside rably different. Itwas fall, October, with goldenrod on the

prairies rather than spiderwort. Thecottonwood leaves were turning and theprairie wind bore a chill. This time theparty numbered Ned's brothers, Richardand Benjamin, as well as himself andsome thirty others. They w ere headingin winter for the wild peaks and sharpridges of what is now southwestern Col-orado to prove a feasible route for arailroad."Everything went off well with theexception of some packs on wild mulesand they went off to o. " So Dick pic-tured the beginning of the rhythm ofshivering predawn breakfasts, strayinganimals, gumbo mud, and the night fires.The unmanageable packs bulged withsurveying instruments, cans and kegs andpresses for collecting, and alcohol mixedwith tartar emetic to prevent its preserv-ing men rather than specimens.

Ned, compared to his brothers, wasnow calloused, inured, enjoying the tasteof prickly pear, even beginning to thinklike a mountain man : "Godey todaykilled two (buffalo) cows, and we hada glorious mess of guts. . . ." He c on-tinued to sketch enthusiastically thefront face of a bull, daily camps, theKiowas and Arapahoes passing alongthe Arkansasand at night he and Dickwould draw by the firelight, their tearsfrom the wood smoke watering the col-ors.

As befitting members of the Pennsyl-vania Academy, the scientific senses ofall three brothers were alert on a widefront. They could ma ke their friendJoseph Leidy happy with word of anynew variety of lizard or mouse; JosephCarson would be pleased to hear of anyuncatalogued plants, especially those be-lieved by the Indians to have medicinalproperties; Samuel Morton was anxiousto get some Indian sk

196110 Desert Magazine 1961 October

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