1914-1918WWI and the

U.S. involvement

1914-1918WWI and the

U.S. involvement

Interesting Facts WWI• Titanic Sinks 1912• Poison used for the first time in war (mustard gas)• Sports changed woman’s fashion to become more lose fitting • First air conditioner• Ford motor company established the moving assembly line• Zipper is now established and used• Telephone • Traffic light• Refrigerator

What was America like before WWI?

Allied Powers Central Powers

• ____________• ____________• ____________• ____________

• ____________• ____________• ____________• ____________

Causesof theWar

Causesof theWar

Causes long/short term• Acronym M.A.N.I.A to help remember the 5 major causes of WWI________________- the belief of a nation or its people to build and maintain a strong military

________________-The two major alliances that developed prior to WWI were the Triple Entente (Allies) and the Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

________________-Extreme pride in one’s nations or state. Often seen by the use of flags, national anthems, and other signature items (Germany)

________________-Domination by one country over another in terms of the political, economic, or cultural life of the dominated country or region.

________________-The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was a short-term cause of the war

The“Spark”

for European countries

Assiniation of: _______________________

The“Spark”

for European countries

Assiniation of: _______________________

U.S Neutral

U.S Neutral

US Neutrality

• ____________________• Public Opinion favored the Allies• Opposition to the War– Sympathies to Germany– Pacifist Movements

• Tension grew between US and ____________

U.S Moving toward

war

U.S Moving toward

war

Election of 1916• Wilson running for reelection– “He Kept Us Out of the War”• Lusitania• Sussex Pledge

Reasons for Involvement

• ___________________– Selling more to the Allies– Loss in war = no repayment of debts

• Allied Propaganda– Germans are EVIL

Reasons (2)

• Wilson’s Idealism– Make the World “safe for democracy”– Peace Without Victory– Democracy vs. Dictatorship• Russian Revolution (March 1917)

Reasons (3)

• _____________________________– German Practice– Sinking ANY ships headed to Britain and France– Resume in January 1917– Sinking the _____________________

Reasons (4)

• ___________________– Proposed to Mexico– Declare war on US• Germany will help

– _________________________________________

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Zimmerman Telegram

Declaration of War

• April 1917• ______________________– Draft– Progressive

U.S in the War

U.S in the War

Federal mobilization AgenciesAgency Purpose

Organized industry to increase efficiency, maximizing production

Railroad Administration Assumed temporary control of rail lines to modernize equipment and increase operating efficiency

Food Administration

Increased production of coal and oil; maintained conservation of fuel with such innovations as daylight saving time

National War Labor board Maintained cooperation between industry management and labor unions; acted as mediator to prevent and quickly settle disputes

Provided propaganda to rally citizen support for all aspects of the war effort

Food Administration• Herbert Hoover– Feed the Allies– Avoid Rationing at home

• “Voluntary” conservation– Victory Gardens– Wheatless Wednesdays, Meatless

Tuesdays• ______________________• Created things called “Victory

gardens”

War Industries Board

• __________________________• Women begin working in industries• African American workers and Mexican Americans• Bernard M. Baruch– Assigned raw materials– Fixed prices

War Labor Board

• _________________________– Negotiate between Labor and Business– Average wage up $1 - 1917-18

• Great Migration– ___________________________– Available Industrial jobs

• Women find more employment• Union Membership increases

___________________of 1918

• Outlawed speaking against the government or armed forces

• _______________________– Government CAN limit free speech– “Clear and Present Danger” Rule– “You can’t yell FIRE in a crowded theater”

Womenand the

WarEffort

Womenand the

WarEffort

For RecruitmentFor Recruitment

Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses

The FrontlineThe Frontline

A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War

The Western FrontThe Western Front

____________ Warfare____________ Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

The War of theIndustrial

Revolution:

NewTechnology

The War of theIndustrial

Revolution:

NewTechnology

Innovations during war

• Tanks• ______________• ______________• ______________• ______________• ______________• ______________

The AirplaneThe Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917“Squadron Over the Brenta”Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Russian Revolution• March 1917• Reason Russia leaves the war• Overthrew Czar Nicholas II– ________________ takes over

• November 1917• ______________________• ______________________– Russia lost territory, got out of war,

communist

World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties

WWI EndsWWI Ends

Flawed Peace• January 1919 peace conference begins • “____________” key negotiations– _______________ (U.S)– David George (British Prime Minister)– George Clemenceau (French)– Vittorio Orlando ( Italian Prime Minister) *Germany not invited to participateWilson presents his 14 points, based on

14 Points• Based on “The Principle of justice to all peoples and

nationalities• (1-5) eliminate the general causes of the war through free

trade, disarmament, __________________, impartial adjustment of colonial claims, and open diplomacy instead of secret

• (6-13) addressed the rights of self-determination and required the ________________to evacuate all of the countries invaded during the war including, France, Belgium, and Russia

• (14) called for a creation of a “general association of nations” called ________________________

Treaty of Versailles• Weakened or discarded many of Wilson’s

proposals• Germany told to strip its armed forces and forced

to pay ____________________ (war damages in money)

• Central powers lost all added lands• _________________________________• Wilson pushes for his League of Nations• Wilson dies, U.S then forgoes the Treaty and

creates different peace treaties with each of the Central Powers and the League of Nations takes place ________________________.

After the Warin the U.S.

After the Warin the U.S.

Economy in Turmoil• Strikes happen for higher wages and better

treatment and rationing that had been happening• ___________________– Scare of communism taking over

• Racial Unrest– Caused by _________________and _______________

going to work in factories as the war took shape and white men were gone to war, now they are back and wanting their jobs back.

Return to “Normalcy”

• ___________________ became his campaign to win, this ended the Progressive movement

• We need to end all the reforms and advancement and return to simple days

Posters:Wartime

_______________

Posters:Wartime

_______________

______________ Posters______________ Posters