1914-1918 - Weebly
Transcript of 1914-1918 - Weebly
1914-1918
Pre–War Planning
Von Schlieffen Czar Nicholas II
General Joffre
Pre–War Planning
1. The Von Schlieffen Plan
a. Count Alfred Von Schlieffen designed a Two-
Front German War plan in 1907
b. Germany feared a two front war with France
and Russia
c. He said Germany must defeat the French
before Russian mobilization was complete
i. France must fall in 14 days
2. Problems with the plan
a. assumes a two-front war will occur
b. violates Belgium and Luxembourg
c. assumes the defeat of France will be
easy
Pre–War Planning
1. Plan Seventeen
a. Joffre was an old French war hero
b. France feared Germany since German
unification in the 1800’s
i. Germany won land along the Fr-German border
c. Joffre’s plan was to counter-act anything that
the Germans do
Pre–War Planning
3. Russian mobilization
a. The Russian army is run by the Czar
b. Generals were often incompetent
c. The Russian army had a reputation of
being disorganized and poorly
equipped
d. The Russian Plan was to mobilize all
soldiers as quick as possible
The Shot Heard Around the World
June 28, 1914
"What is the good of your speeches? I come
to Sarajevo on a visit, and I get bombs
thrown at me. It is outrageous!"
Archduke Franz Ferdinand interrupting the Mayor's
welcome speech at Sarajevo's city hall, 28 June 1914.
1. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his wife, heir to the
Austria-Hungary Empire were
assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia
a. The assassin was Gavrilo Princip, a member
of the Black Hand
b. Some Bosnians wanted their independence
from the Austro-Hungarian Empire
2. The assassination led to a chain of
events that eventually led to The Great
War
Impact of the Assassination
1. Austria-Hungary gets a blank check from Germany
a. Unconditional support
2. Austria- Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia
a. Let A-H investigate the assassination
b. Let the assassin be prosecuted in A-H
c. Stop anti-Austrian feeling in Bosnia
d. Bosnia has 48 hours to respond
Arrest of Gavrilo Princip
3. Serbia consults Russia, Russia consults
France
4. Russia gives its support to Serbia
5. Serbia rejects the A-H ultimatum
The World goes to War
Green – Allies
Gold – Central Powers
Grey – neutral countries
Phases of the War
1. The Stalemate (1914-1916)
a. Battle of the Frontiers
b. Battle of Ypres
c. Verdun
d. Marne
e. Somme
f. Gallipoli
g. Tannenberg
h. Unrestricted German Submarine Warfare
2. The Crucial Year (1917)
a. Passchendaele ( Third Battle of Ypres)
b. Russia Withdraws from the War
c. USA enters the War
d. Vimy Ridge
3. The Year of Victory (1918)
a. Kaiserschlacht
b. Black Day for the German Army
c. The Armistice