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1914- 1918: The World at War 1914- 1918: The World at War By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer and Ms. Elizabeth King By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer and Ms. Elizabeth King

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Causes of the War

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1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

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The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

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Europe in 1914

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2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

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3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

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4. Aggressive Nationalism

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The Spark

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

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The Assassination: Sarajevo

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The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

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Whos To Blame?

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The Schlieffen Plan

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German Atrocities in Belgium

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Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

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Recruitment Posters

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Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

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New French Recruits

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A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

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Women and the War Effort

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Financing the War

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For Recruitment

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Munitions Workers

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Women at Work

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French Women Factory Workers

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German Women Factory Workers

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Working in the Fields

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A Woman Ambulance Driver

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Red Cross Nurses

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Posters: Wartime Propagand a

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Australian Poster

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American Poster

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Anti-German Sentiment

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Financing the War

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German Poster

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The Western Front: A War of Attrition

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A Multi-Front War

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The Western Front

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Trench Warfare

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No Mans Land

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Verdun February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

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The Somme July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

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War Is HELL !!

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Sacrifices in War

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Krupps Big Bertha Gun

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The Eastern Front

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The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

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Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

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The Colonial Fronts

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Sikh British Soldiers in India

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Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

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Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

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Russias Exit from WWI Treaty of Brest Litovsk Russia surrendered early in World War I because of enormous problems at home. Cost of the war without adequate allied assistance. Communist Revolution. Need for political, economic, & social reforms. This cost Russia a huge indemnity and a great loss of people & territory.

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Americ a Joins the Allies

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The Sinking of the Lusitania

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The Zimmerman Telegram

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The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

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Americans in the Trenches

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The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

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French Renault Tank

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British Tank at Ypres

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U-Boats

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Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

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The Airplane Squadron Over the Brenta Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

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French Fighter Plane

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The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The Red Baron] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie Mick Mannoch, Br.

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Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

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Looking for the Red Baron?

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The Zeppelin

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Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

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Poison Gas Machine Gun

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Comparison of the Central and Allied Powers Advantages of the Central Powers Central location facilitated coordination of resources. Superior military technology: Submarines; Weapons; & Airplanes. Advantages of the Allied Powers More men More resources Superior naval power

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Art of World War I

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A Street in Arras John Singer Sargent, 1918

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Oppy Wood John Nash, 1917

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Those Who Have Lost Their Names Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

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Gassed and Wounded Eric Kennington, 1918

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Paths of Glory C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

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German Cartoon: Fit for active service!, 1918

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1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 100,000,000 died

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11 a.m., November 11, 1918

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9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

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The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

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World War I Casualties

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Treaty of Versailles The Big Four meet to decide the fate of Europe. David Lloyd George of England Vittorio Orlando of Italy Georges Clemenceau of France Woodrow Wilson of the United States

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Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson proposed a peace treaty with 14 main ideas No secret alliances Reduction of armaments Readjustment of countries borders League of Nations to assure mutual protection

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The blame and the bill Georges Clemenceau wanted Germany to be destroyed and weakened Reparations: payment for damages from the war- $33 billion! War Guilt Clause: Germany had to assume guilt for World War I

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Versailles Treaty is signed in the hall of mirrors

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Results What were the political, economic, and social effects of the Versailles Treaty on Germany? What steps could (and should) have been taken to prevent World War Two? Do you agree with how the war was ended?