19 Century Australian Wheat Varietiescsusap.csu.edu.au/~dspennem/BookStore/WheatVarieties.pdf ·...

Wheat

19th Century

Varieties

Australian

Wheat Varieties Grownin 19

th CenturyAustralia

—A handlist of varieties—

compiled byDirk H.R. Spennemann

WAGGA WAGGA2001

Wheat varieties in 19th century Australia

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© Dirk H.R. Spennemann 2001All rights reserved. The contents of this study are copyright in all countries subscribingto the Berne Convention. No parts of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in anyform or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording orby any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of theauthor, except where permitted by law.

CIP

Spennemann, Dirk H. R., 1958-Wheat Varieties Grown in 19th Century Australia. A handlist ofvarieties / by Dirk H.R. Spennemann.—Wagga Wagga, N.S.W. : The Farrer Centre, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, CharlesSturt University, 20011 v.; ill.ISBNDDC 633.112 1. Grain.—Varieties.—Australia. 2. Plant Breeding.—Australia. 3. Agriculture—Aus-tralia—HistoryI.Title. II. Charles Sturt University, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, The Farrer Cen-tre

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ContentsContents................................................ iii

Introduction............................................ 1Import of varieties.............................................................. 2Nomenclature...................................................................... 3Seed suppliers ..................................................................... 4This compilation ................................................................. 5

Varieties................................................. 7

Bibliography........................................ 135Archival Sources........................................................... 136Published Sources......................................................... 136

Wheat in 19th century Australia

iv

Introduction


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H ISTORIC SOURCES OFTEN MAKE Ref-erence to wheat varieties grown in the localarea. Most of these varieties, however, areno longer in use, given the advances of the

wheat breeding programmes since the 1890s. A number of varieties wereknown under different names, varying from locality to locality adding tonomenclatorial confusion. This present compilation of wheat varietiesand their synonyms arose out of the needs to be able to understand thenature and relationship of the various wheat varieties which appear in19th century rural newspapers and other sources. The compilation wascreated during research into the biography of Nathan Augustus Cobb(1859-1932), an American nematologist and plant pathologist working forthe New South Wales Department of Agriculture from 1890 to 1905. Aschairman of the Wheat Nomenclature Committee of the IntercolonialConferences of Rust in Wheat Nathan Cobb was instrumental in bringingthe nomenclature of Australian wheats under control.

Import of varieties

From the commencement of European settlement in Australia, wheatgrowers and seed merchants continually imported wheat varieties fromoverseas and tested their success in the Australian climate. Initially, thesewere predominantly obtained from the UK and other western Europeancountries. Fairly early on however, wheat varieties were sourced fromother areas as the opportunity arose, such as from the Cape of GoodHope en route to Australia, and from Chile (1823, Captain Poaditch).White Lammas varieties were popular at the beginning of the 19th cen-tury, but were replaced by Purple Straw varieties from the 1850s on-wards. The newspapers of the day commented on the advantages anddisadvantages of the wheat varieties. Very popular were soft wheat vari-eties, preferred by the millers and preferred by the public because of thewhite flour they gave. Immigrants, such as E.Kiddle, continued to advo-

Introduction

3

cate the use of true English varieties in their pamphlets (cf. Kiddle 1861)adding to the confusion of the wheat growers.

Following the disastrous wheat harvest of 1888/89, due to an out-break of rust in wheat, an Intercolonial Conference was called in Mel-bourne to address the issue and to plan for a concerted intercolonial ef-fort. This conference called both an examination of the disease and itscauses, and for the trialling of wheat varieties that might be more resistantto rust and hence suitable for production of a commercial scale. As a re-sult, the 1890s saw an unprecedented number of varieties imported fromall over the world and tested in Australian conditions. These experimentswere carried out in all colonies, with New South Wales and Victoria at theforefront. By 1895 the NSW Department of Agriculture could report thatthe samples of seed wheat varieties distributed by its experimental farmat Wagga Wagga were “the result of five years of careful study and selec-tion. They are the best of over 1,000 samples obtained from Australia,New Zealand, United States, Great Britain, Russia, India, Japan, China,South Africa, Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Hungary, Turkey, Algiers,Mexico, Chili and Canada” (Agricultural Gazette of NSW 6[2], 1895, lastpage of February issue).

Nomenclature

In the 1880s and early 1890s the nomenclature of Australian seed wheatwas very colourful, but extremely haphazard. Names proliferated asgrowers and distributors continued to import varieties and then gave thesame variety their own names. A South Australian Royal Commission onrusts in wheat listed 56 varieties as grown in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956, p.147), while Cobb’s nomenclature work in 1891 alone assessed 546 vari-eties.

The primary method of improvement of wheat was the filed selec-tion of ears wit desireable qualities. For example, Talavera de Bellevuewas selected 1815 by Le Couteur on Jersey; Shireff of Haddingtonshire inScotland, made selections from 1819 to 1872 and marketed themthroughout the United Kingdom (Hilgendorf 1920). After selection, eachselector tended to give the variety a new name, even if the selection dif-fered only marginally from the parent crop. For example, Telford’s,Mac’s White, Turvey and Dollar were all Victorian farmer’s selectionsfrom Purple Straw (Anon. 1991).

Growers and distributors of seed wheat gave their varieties fancifulnames claiming rust resistance, such as ‘Thomas Rust Resistant’; ‘Inglis


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Rust Resistant’, or ‘Robin Rust Resistant’; claiming large yields, such as‘Fillbag’, ‘Inglis Success’, ‘Australian Wonder’, ‘Golden Prolific’, or‘New Red Wonder’; or claiming climate resistance, such as ‘Landretti’sHard Winter’. Some varieties, were labelled drawing on technologicalterms, suggesting a hardness of the straw which was deemed to be ameans of preventing rust infection: such as ‘Ironclad’. Prof. A.E. Blountof the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station named his hybrid wheatsafter minerals occurring in Colorado: Amethst, Gneiss, Hornblende,Quartz and so forth.

On occasion there was so much admixture that it was unclear whichgrains deserved the name under which the seed wheat was sold. Unlessthey had trialed the variety from the same distributor before, the averagebuyer would have had little or no idea as to the exact properties of theseed wheat they were sowing on their fields. In addition to the nomencla-torial chaos, the seed wheat was not true to name, ie contained variousamounts of admixtures of other seed varieties,

In addition to the named varieties there are a number of crosses madeby William Farrer and tested by F.B. Guthrie and collaborators for theirmilling quality. These have not been included if these crosses had notbeen formally named (cf. Guthrie & Gurney 1897) or had not beenwidely used.

Seed suppliers

Until the formation of Departments of Agriculture in most colonies (inthe 1880s and early 1890s), seed wheat could be only obtained from pri-vate seed merchants. Major seed suppliers were George F. Berthoud of‘Riverside’, Corowa, NSW; and Richard Marshall and George Inglis, bothSouth Australia. In addition, overseas suppliers such as Pringle’s (USA);Vilmorin (France) and Carter’s (UK) furnished seed wheats. Some of thesuppliers, such as Berthoud, were happy to provide sample wheats infree trial packets (at the cost of postage; Anon.1890).

From the 1890s onwards, seed wheat could also be obtained fromgovernment experimental farms, both as small trial seed packets and,later, on a commercial scale. Fo example, many took up the NSW De-partment’s offers, with 2,700 packets of Wagga-grown seed wheat dis-tributed in 1893, and again over 2,000 packages of seed requested and dis-tributed in the season 1894-95 (Agricultural Gazette of NSW 4, 1893,598-599; Cobb 1895a, p. 1106). These samples had all been screened,graded and treated for smut before being sent out, were all true to name,

Introduction

5

pure seed and contained “no small, shrivelled, split, cracked or otherwisedamaged grain” (Cobb 1895a). The Department made the following mainvarieties available in 5lb packets: Blount’s Lambrigg, Leak’s, Ward’s Pro-lific, Steinwedel, Belatourka, Egyptian Mummy, Farmer’s Friend,Smith’s Nonpareil, and Talavera (Border Post 21 April 1893, p. 8). Inaddition a number of other wheat varieties were made available in oneounce packets only.

This compilation

Even though this compilation contains over 1000 entries of varieties andtheir synonyms it cannot claim to be complete. Rather, it is producedhere to provide others with a tool for further research. In view of the ini-tial reason d’être, the list does not include varieties created after 1906.For a list of mainly post World War I varieties the reader is directed tothe compilation by Macindoe and Walkden Brown (1968).


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Varieties


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� A �4-rowed Sheriff.—Synonym → For-rowed Sheriff.

A1.—Defiance Group (Cobb 1897).

Adamant .—Fife Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Advance—tested for rust resistanceat Hawkesbury Agricultural Collegein 1893 (Thompson 1894).

African Bearded.—Synonym →Early Baart

African Wonder.—Privately intro-duced African wheat variety.

A f r i c a n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Early BaartGroup; bald ears, very short (≤2’6")plants with broadish leaves, mediumamount of flag and medium strengthstraw; the heads have little tendencyto shell (Shelton 1894); threshesrather hard; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894; Shelton 1894).—History: in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atSpringsure, Clermont, Hughenden,Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).

Agate.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), Tuscan Group; ear bald,rosy, grain white or yellowish;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (Cowra

Seed Register); one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893) (not to be confusedwith the likewise named 1929 crossbetween ‘Major’ and ‘YandillaKing’).—Distribution: hybrid madein 1890 by and imported from Prof.Blount, Colorado; sold as seed wheatby the Wagga Experimental Farm in1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Agate

Alabama Rye.—American wheatvariety, imported by W. Farrer forcrossing purposes (Guthrie & Gurney1897).

Alaska.—Synonym → Mummy.

Algerian Wheat.—Fine wheats type(Triticum turgidum).—ear red orbrown; Durum and Poulard Group;

Varieties

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ears bearded, simple, yellow andsmooth, with dark biscuit-colouredgrain; very tall (≥ 4’) plants withvery broad leaves, medium amountof flag and strong and coarse straw;the heads have little tendency toshell; late variety; threshes ratherhard; the cut surface of the grain washorny; the grain, very hard wheat('biting test'); as tested in Queens-land, had a good milling quality;deemed suitable for green fodder ifcut early; high weight per bushel(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897, Cobb 1898b, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894, Sutton 1904).

Algerian

History: Reported as sown in SouthAustralia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956);tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1892/93;1893/94 (Cobb 1895); 1894(Coleman 1894); 1901 (McKeown1901); 1901/02 (McKeown 1902);1903 (McKeown 1904); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);grading of wheats experimentWagga 1896 (Cobb 1897); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);Bathurst comparative wheat exper-iments Wagga Experimental Farm1900-1903 (McKeown 1905b); in

1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); Sample sheafsent to NSW Dep. of Ag. Museum inJanuary 1897; distributed byG.Berthoud (Corowa, NSW).—Dis-tribution: sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1897and 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Algerian

Allora Spring.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Allora SpringGroup.—ear bald, red or brown,smooth, grain plump and white oryellowish; plant with mediumamount of flag and straw of strong


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strength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; grows fast and ripensearly, thus liable to late frosts; be-cause the variety is earlier maturingit was more drought resistant thanothers; medium weight per bushel;threshes very easily; medium wheat('biting test'); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a fair milling qual-ity NSW flour reported to have anvariable, yellow to chalky colour,found to have 9% gluten and low(49%) water absorbing strength(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897; Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1904,Guthrie 1900, Peacock 1900, Shel-ton 1894).

Allora Spring

History: selection (?) of Pugh’s RustResistant (from 1893); introducedfrom the USA (Cobb 1893); one ofthe original 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; 1893/94(Cobb 1895); and 1894 (Coleman1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1894 (Thompson 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Clermont, Hughenden, Her-berton, Allora and Roma (Shelton1894); recommended because oftheir rust escaping nature if late

sowing is inevitable by the (final)Rust in Wheat Conference, Mel-bourne 1896 (Anon. 1896); plantedfor seed Wagga Experimental Farm1898; Sample sheaf sent to NSWDep. of Ag. Museum in January1897; tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c);

Allora Spring

grading of wheats experimentWagga 1896 (Cobb 1897); Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900); grown atCollabah Experimental Farm in1899 (Peacock 1900); grown on acommercial scale in NSW in 1899(Guthrie 1900); tested at Myrniong,Swan Hill and Waitchie (all Mallee,Vic.) in 1899/1900 (McAlpine1900a); wheat variety grown by 3.3% of 213 Queensland farmers ques-tioned in 1892 (Shelton 1894);wheat crop at Wagga Experimental

Varieties

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Farm 1897-98 (Farrer 1899); grownat Wagga Experimental Farm 1901(McKeown 1901); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902).—Distribution: soldas seed wheat by the Wagga Exper-imental Farm in 1896, 1897 and1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Syn-onyms: Kelly’s Rust Proof; Lowrie’sProlific; Ninety Days; Pringle's RustResistant; Queensland Ward’s Pro-lific; Sonora; Three Months; Ward’sProlific (because of semblance, butnot the same wheat).

Alpine.—Rust resistant selection ofPurple Straw made by R.Marshall,South Australia (~1900).

Amber Odessa—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Ambrose Stand-Up.—bald ears,plant with medium amount of flagand straw of strong strength; theheads have little tendency to shell(Shelton 1894); the grain, as testedin Queensland, had a good millingquality (Shelton 1894)—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: seedssupplied to Queensland in 1892 byHume Black, UK (Shelton 1894).

American Nº 8.—Synonym → Pros-perity.

American Bronze—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

American Centennial—Synonym →Centennial.

American Pearl.—an Allora Springvariety; bald ears, plant with muchamount of flag and straw of mediumstrength; the heads have much ten-dency to shell; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good milling

quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).

American Purple Straw.—TuscanGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

American Wheat.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

American White.—soft, weak straw(Sutton 1904).—seed obtained fromSouth Africa (Sutton 1904); grownat Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).

American White (Blue Stem).—soft,weak straw (Sutton 1904).—seed ob-tained from South Africa (Sutton1904); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).

Amethyst.—Fife Group; bald ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; the headshave little tendency to shell;threshes easily; the grain, as testedin Queensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896; Cobb 1897,Shelton 1894).—History: Wheatgrown by A.E. Blount (Colorado)and introduced by W.Farrer (CrossLost Nation x Sonora); tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1890 (CowraSeed Register); in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).

Amidonnier Blanc—Synonym forWhite Emmer.

Anderson’s Rust Proof.—Synonym→ Anderson’s Rust Resistant.

Anderson’s Rust Resistant.—FifeGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).—History: grownin NSW in 1889 (Cobb 1890); Al-bury Pastoral Society test 1891;


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tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892).

Andriola Amber.—Lazistan Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1890(Cowra Seed Register).

A n d r o s .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Bearded VelvetGroup; ears bearded, yellow and vel-vety, with pale biscuit-colouredgrain; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy; short (2’6" to 3’) plantswith moderately broad leaves andstrong straw; threshes hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894).—History: grown as experi-mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1892/93 (Cobb 1895); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Anglo-Australian

Anglo-Australian.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), ears slen-der, bearded, rosy; Rieti or LadogaGroup; ears bearded, brown andsmooth, with dark yellowish browngrain; plant with and medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadish andup leaves, much amount of flag andmedium strength (Vic) or strongstrength (Qld) straw; the heads havemuch tendency to shell; threshes

easily; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy; medium wheat ('bitingtest'); the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a good milling quality(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897, Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).

Anglo-Australian

History: wheat grown by the Englishseed firm James Carter & Co and in-troduced to Australia. Popular be-cause of its relative stem rust resis-tance; tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); recommended seed

Varieties

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wheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); grain hard-ness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1892 (CowraSeed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);1894 (Thompson 1895).—Distri-bution: Carter’s, UK.—Synonyms:Carter’s I; Anglo-Canadian.

Anglo–Canadian .—Synonym →Anglo-Australian.

Apperley Zealand—Synonyms forBerthoud Nº 5

Archer’s Prolific.—Early BaartGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Argentine Breadwheat . — H i s -tory:grown at Cowra ExperimentalFarm in 1905 (Cowra Seed Register).

Argentine Russian.—History:grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1905 (Cowra Seed Register).

Arltuna Red Bearded. — H i s -tory:grown at Cowra ExperimentalFarm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Register);Swedish wheat variety

Atalanta .—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).—History: Indianwheat variety imported in NSW fortesting in 1896/96; durum wheat

grown to a small extent in SouthAustralia.—Synonyms: Atalanti; At-lanta; Atlanti.

Atalanti.—Synonym → Atalanta.

Atlanta.—Synonym → Atalanta.

Atlanti.—Synonym → Atalanta.

Austin.—Synonym → Marshall’s Nº3.

Austral.—Synonym → Marshall’s Nº3 (synonym popular in South Aus-tralia).

Austral Poulard.—Synonym → Aus-tralian Poulard.

Australian Amber.—Lazistan Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Australian Bearded, Port Ger-main.—Australian Bearded Group;threshes hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: recommended seedwheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893).

Australian Club.—Synonym → Cali-fornia Club.

Australian Glory.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Purple StrawGroup; ears bald, yellow, with darkbiscuit-coloured grain; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with mod-erately broad leaves, mediumamount of flag and medium (Vic) orstrong (Qld) strength straw; theheads have medium tendency toshell; threshes rather hard; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had anot good milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma


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(Shelton 1894); regarded as rust es-caping if sown early by the 1892Adelaide Rust in Wheat conferencefor growing on a large scale (Anon1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).—S y n -onyms : Dominion; According toFarrer (1892) synonym with RedTuscan.

Australian Poulard.—Durum andPoulard Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—His-tory:Triticum turgidum variety,originally from Egypt, imorted toAustralia through Vilmorin (Paris);tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); testedfor flour strength in 1900, found tohave 13% gluten and low (45%) wa-ter absorbing strength (Guthrie1900).—Synonyms: Austral Poulard.

Australian Rust Resistant.—Defi-ance Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Australian Talavera B.—grown atWagga Experimental Farm 1901/02(McKeown 1902).

Australian Talavera.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), LammasGroup; straw yellow or brownish; earbald, open, tapering, white or yel-lowish; smooth grain white or yel-lowish; chaff not hooked; benefitsfrom being sown early; ripens mid-season; threshes rather hard;medium weight per bushel; mediumwheat ('biting test'); NSW flour re-ported to have an excellent to yel-low colour, found to have 12%gluten and medium (50%) water ab-sorbing strength (Guthrie 1900)(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897; Cobb 1898b, Peacock 1900,Cobb 1904).

Australian Talavara

History: Selection from Talavera deBellevue; grown on a commercialscale in NSW in 1899 (Guthrie1900); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); Sample sheaf sent toNSW Dep. of Ag. Museum in Jan-uary 1897; planted for seed WaggaExperimental Farm 1898; grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895); 1894(Coleman 1894); grown at WaggaE x p e r i m e n t a l F a r m 1 9 0 1(McKeown 1901) ; 1901/02(McKeown 1902); grown at Cowra

Varieties

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Experimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); tested in 1893, 1894and 1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grading of wheats experi-ment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); grown at CollabahExperimental Farm in 1899, cut forhay (Peacock 1900); manuring ex-periments Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1904 (McKeown 1905a);wheats at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);wheats grown at Bathurst Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Peacock 1904);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900); grownat Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);seed wheat for sale (Anon. 1905);white tapering, slightly tip-awnedear, with large, white soft grain;popular in NSW until 1906.—Dis-tribution: sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1896,1897 and 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).—Synonyms: Bellevue Ta-lavera.

Australian Talavera

Australian Talavera (new).—com-parative wheat experiments WaggaExperimental Farm 1901-1904(McKeown 1905b).

Australian Talavera (old).—com-parative wheat experiments Wagga

Experimental Farm 1899-1903(McKeown 1905b).

Australian White .—grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);seed obtained from South Africa(Sutton 1904).

Australian White Lammas.—Selec-tion from English White Lammas,made by William Farrer (about1900); White ear, large, red, softgrain; susceptible to stem rust.

Australian Wonder.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); Ward’sProlific Group; ears bald, brown andsmooth, with biscuit-coloured grain;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith narrow and up leaves, slightamount of flag and medium strengthstraw; the heads have little tendencyto shell; threshes rather easily; thecut surface of the grain was mealy-horny; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894, Shelton 1894).—History: recommended seed wheat inNSW (ounce packet) (Cobb 1893);in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); apparently rust escaping andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atSpringsure, Clermont, Hughenden,Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); recommended asrust resistant by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); distributed by Robin,SA.

Autumn Red-headed.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); earsbearded, brown and smooth, withyellowish brown grain; tall (3’6" to4’) plants with moderately broad


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leaves and strong straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by Vilmorin(Paris).

Autumn Saumur.—Noe Group;medium, reddish and soft grain;threshes easily; white ear with red

soft grain; fair to mill (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, Guthrie & Gurney1896) .—History: introduced byWiliam Farrer from Vilmorin(Paris); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Azima Nº 1—Crimean wheat varietyimported in NSW for testing in1896/96.

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� B �Baard.—Synonym → Early Baart.

Baart.—Synonym → Early Baart.

Bailey .—threshes easily (Cobb1897).

Balbariebia—wheat variety fromChile imported by Poarditch in1827 (Campbell 1936).

Bald Early.—Cross of (Steinwedel xPurple Straw) x Steinwedel, made byHugh Pye (Dookie College, Vic) in1893; an awnless type of improvedSteinwedel; strong, purplish straw,whhite, oblong, awnless ear, whitesoft grain of weak flour quality.

Bald Egyptian—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Bald Medeah .—Synonym →Beardless Medeah.

Bald Odessa.—Allora Spring Group(Cobb 1897); Red Provence Group(Cobb 1897); plump, white andsoftish grain, easy to mill (Guthrie& Gurney 1896); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: Vil-morin (Paris).—Synonyms: OdessaSans Barbes.

Bald Siberian—Russian Durumwheat variety imported in NSW for

testing in 1896/96.—Synonyms :Somak.

Ballaraat Spring.—bearded ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of weak strength; the headshave medium tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had anot good milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).

Banater .—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).—History: grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895); tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).—Distribu-t ion : sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Bancroft Improved.—grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895).

Bancroft .—Durum and PoulardGroup; very short (≤2’6") plantswith broadish leaves and very strongand coarse straw; ears bearded, yel-low and smooth, with biscuit-


18

coloured grain; threshes rather hard;the cut surface of the grain washorny (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894).—History: Indianvariety, selected in the 1880s by Dr.Bancroft, Qld Government Botanistgrown in Qld in the 1890s becauseof its earliness in ripening.in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW); tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).

Bancroft’s Black Bearded Indian.—medium-sized leaves (Cobb 1901a).

Bancroft’s Indian.—Synonym →Indian Delta.

Banham’s Browick.—Red ProvenceGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Barbe Ratef—Synonym for FrenchEarly Bearded.

Barbu à Gros Grain.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), LazistanGroup; ear bearded, white or yellow-ish, grain red or amber threshes eas-ily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—His-tory: French wheat variety intro-duced in the 1880s (Cobb 1893);grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Distribu-t ion : sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:Mammoth-grain Bearded.

Barletta.—bearded (Sutton 1904).—History: seed obtained from SouthAfrica (Sutton 1904); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);

grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1904 (Cowra Seed Register); im-ported from Rio Grande del Sol

Barbu a gros grain

Barletta No. 2.—bearded (Sutton1904).—History: seed obtained fromSouth Africa (Sutton 1904); grownat Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).

Baroota Wonder.—Selection from(→ ) Ward’s Prolific, made by G.Crittenden (farmer), Terowie (SA)in 1895.—Synonyms : Scaddan’sGlory.

Bartlett’s Crossbred.—Selectionfrom an unknown variety made by aMr. Bartlett (farmer) in South Aus-

Varieties

19

tralia. Grown in small quantitiesuntil the end of the 19th century.

Barwick.—Cobb test Wagga (Cobb1893).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).

Basal t .—White Velvet Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: hybridmade in 1890 by and imported fromProf. Blount, Colorado.

Batt lef ield .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Tuscan Group;ear bald, uniform, white or yellow-ish, smooth; chaff rosy; grain red oramber; slight amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; strawyellow or brownish Tuscan Group;heads have little tendency to shell;ripens midseason; threshes hard;medium wheat ('biting test'); thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Cobb 1896;Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1904; Shelton 1894).

Battlefield

History: originated in South Aus-tralia in the 1880s, one of the origi-nal 64 recommended for assessmentby the wheat nomenclature commit-tee (Cobb 1893); grown as experi-

mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Roma (Shelton1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); recommended bythe 1894 Rust in wheat conferencefor trial because of its potential forrust resistance; grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c).—Dis-tribution: in 1894 seeds for this va-riety were sold by Richard Marshall,SA; J.M. Inglis, SA.

Battlefield

Bayah—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: (Improved Fife x


20

Lambrigg Australian Talavera) xJonathan)).; grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Beal.—Beal Group; threshes easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Bearded American.—fair sized,translucent gain of medium hard-ness; fair to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897).

Bearded Champagne—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

Bearded Champion.—Winter Nig-ger Group; threshes rather easily(Cobb 1896; Cobb 1897).

Bearded Club.—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896; Cobb 1897).

Bearded Egyptian—tested for rustresistance in Queensland in 1891.

Bearded Herisson.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), BeardedHerisson Group.—ears bearded, rosy;red grain, purple-straw, clubbed head,plant with medium amount of flagand straw of strong strength; theheads have little tendency to shell;threshes easily; medium wheat('biting test'); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a strong millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1904, Shelton1894).—History: introduced fromVilmorin (Paris) in the 1890s; testedfor rust resistance in 1891 at Lam-brigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Exper-imental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Roma (Shelton 1894); testedin 1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bit-ing test' (Cobb 1896b); grain hard-

ness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c).—Synonyms: Herison Barbu.

Bearded Herrison

Bearded Monarch.—Rieti orLadoga Group; threshes rather easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Bearded Quartzlee.—grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897).

Bearded Red Antuera— F r e n c hwheat variety; milling tests 1904.

Bearded Red Autumn.—Rieti orLadoga Group; threshes rather easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

Bearded Red Spring—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Ble de Mais; May wheat

Bearded Rieti.—A bearded Italianwheat with red horny grain, moder-atly rust resistant.

Bearded Sicilian.—reported asgrown in Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Bearded Velvet Chaff.—threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896).

Bearded Velvet.—Bearded VelvetGroup (Cobb 1897).

Bearded Wheat.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Varieties

21

Bearded White Sheriff—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1890(Cowra Seed Register).

Beardless Medeah.—Beardless du-rum cross (Medeah x Purple Straw)made by Hugh Pye (Dookie, Vic) in1897.—Synonyms: Bald Medeah.

Bega.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum); Defiance Group; short(2’6" to 3’) plants with broadish andlong leaves, medium amount of flagand medium (Vic) or strong (Qld)strength straw; bald ears, yellow andsmooth, with dark biscuit-colouredgrain; plant with and straw of strongstrength; the heads have mediumtendency to shell; threshes ratherhard; the cut surface of the grain washorny-mealy; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality.—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora and Roma (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register); rec-ommended seed wheat in NSW(ounce packet) (Cobb 1893); testedat Wagga Experimental Farm in1894 (Coleman 1894).

Behir Nº 2.—reported as grown inQueensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Belatourka.—Synonym → Belo-tourka

Belgium’s Pride.—Synonym →Marshall’s Nº 3.

Bellevue Talavera.—Synonym →Talavera de Bellevue.

Beloglino.—Bluestone Experiments1905 (Farrer & Sutton 1905).

Belotourka

Belotourka.—Flinty wheats type,(Triticum durum), Durum andPoulard Group; ears bearded, stiffbeards; ordinary chaff, ears yellowor light brown and smooth, with bis-cuit-coloured grain; very tall (≥4’)plants with large broadish leaves,medium amount of flag and strongand coarse (Vic) or weak (Qld)straw; the heads have little tendencyto shell; threshes rather easily; thecut surface of the grain was horny;very hard wheat ('biting test'); thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1901a, Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894, Sutton 1904).—His-tory: a midseason to late durum va-riety introduced to Quensland fromsouthern Europe in the late 1880s.;reported as grown in Queensland in1889 (Anon 1890:17); tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); one of the origi-nal 64 recommended for assessmentby the wheat nomenclature commit-tee (Cobb 1893); in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); recom-mended seed wheat in NSW (5lbbags) (Cobb 1893); Sample sheafsent to NSW Dep. of Ag. Museum in


22

January 1897; grown as experimen-tal crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1892/93; 1893/94 (Cobb1895); and 1894 (Coleman 1894);in 1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Clermont,Hughenden, Herberton, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); described andillustrated by Shelton (1893) asgrown in Queensland in 1892/3;popular wheat variety grown by 8.0% of 213 Queensland farmers ques-tioned in 1892 (Shelton 1894); rec-ommended as rust resistant by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-ference for growing on a large scale(Anon 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); tested at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1892( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 2 ) ; 1 8 9 3( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 4 ) ; 1 8 9 4(Thompson 1895); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); tested at Waitchie(Mallee, Vic.) in 1899/1900(McAlpine 1900a); manuring exper-iments Wagga Experimental Farm1904 (both as ‘Belotourka’ and as‘Kubanka’; McKeown 1905a);tested in 1893, 1894 and 1895 inthe 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b); grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); seed wheat for sale (Anon.1905); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(both as ‘Belotourka’ and as‘Kubanka’; Sutton 1904).—Distri-bution: in 1894 seeds for this vari-ety were sold by George Inglis, SA;distributed by G.Berthoud (Corowa,NSW); sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1897and 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Bellevue Talavera—Synonym forAustralian Talavera.

Beloglina —Russian Durum wheatvariety imported in NSW for testingin 1896/96.

Berrigan Champion.—Synonym →Dart’s Imperial.

Berseler’s Club.—Square HeadGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

B e r t h o u d .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, whiteor yellowish, smooth, grain white oryellowish; plants with moderatelybroad leaves; benefits from beingsown early; medium wheat ('bitingtest') (Cobb 1896b, McAlpine 1894,Peacock 1900).—History: Selectionf rom Zea land , made byG.F.Berthoud (his selection Nº 5),then farmer in Corowa, NSW; grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1892/93;1893/94 (Cobb 1895); and 1894(Coleman 1894); in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); performed wellat Wagga Eperimental Farm in thehot summer 1898/99; Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900); grown atCollabah Experimental Farm in1899, cut for hay (Peacock 1900);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1901 (McKeown 1901); 1901/02(McKeown 1902); seed wheat forsale (Anon. 1905).—Distribution:distributed by G.Berthoud (Corowa,NSW); sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1896,1897 and 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).

Berthoud’s Nº 73.—Synonym →Murray River.

Berthoud's Nº 5—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).—Synonyms: Apper-ley Zealand

Varieties

23

Berthoud

Berthoud’s Nº 127.—Synonym →Corowa Wheat.

Beryl.—Defiance Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897);—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register);—Distribution:h ybridmade in 1890 by and imported fromProf. Blount, Colorado

Bestehorn’s Dividend.—Square HeadGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Biceps.—straw coarse but strong(Sutton 1904).—grown at Hawkes-bury 1903 (Sutton 1904); recom-mended as suitable for hay and grain(Sutton 1904).

Big 8.—Selection made by a farmerin South Australia.

Big Purple.—tested at Nhill (Mallee,Vic.) in 1899/1900 (McAlpine1900a);

Birdproof.—Synonym → Carter’sBirdproof.

Black Don—Russian Durum wheatimported by Farrer in 1896.

Black Emmer—Synonym for BlueHeron

Black-bearded Indian.—:grown inNSW in 1889 (Cobb 1890).

Bladette Commune.—long, dullgrain of rather low hardness; fair tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History: French wheat tested inNSW in the early 1890s.—Distribu-tion: obtained from H.L. de Vil-morin (Paris).—Synonyms: Com-mon Bladette.

Bladette Paylaureuse.—Synonym →Bladette Puylaurens

Bladette Puylaurens.—Noe Group;threshes rather easily; medium, dulland soft grain; fair to mill (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, Guthrie & Gurney1896).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: ob-tained from H.L. de Vilmorin(Paris);—Synonyms: Bladette Pay-laureuse.

Ble a epi carre.—Synonym → Sicil-ian Square Headed.

Blé Carré.—Synonym → SicilianSquare Headed.

Blé Carré. de Sicile (rouge).—Syn-onym → Sicilian Square Headed.

Ble de Lazistan—Synonym forLazistan.

Ble de Mai(s)—Synonym forBearded Red Spring.


24

Ble de Mars Rouge de Californie—Synonym for Velvet Pearl (acc toVilmorin)

Ble de Riz—grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Blockhead.—plump, white and softgrain; fair to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1896).

Blount.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), ear bald, rosy, grain whiteor yellowish; Purple Straw Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1890(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:The Blount.

Blount's Durum—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).

Blount’s Fife.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); bald ears, withdark biscuit-coloured grain; plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof strong strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; tall (3’6" to4’) plants with moderately broad,medium-sized leaves and mediumstrength straw; Noe Group; threshesrather easily; the cut surface of thegrain was mealy-horny; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Cobb 1901a, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); Cross of SaxonFife x Improved Fife made by A.E.Blount (Colorado) and introduced toAustralia in the late 1890s; appar-ently rust resisting and recom-mended for further trails by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-

ference for growing on a small scale(Anon 1892); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Springsure,Clermont, Hughenden, Herberton,Allora and Roma (Shelton 1894);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 4 ) ; 1 8 9 4(Thompson 1895).

Blount’s Fife X Blount’s Lam-brigg.—a Farrer Cross; Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,with dark biscuit-coloured grain;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith moderately broad leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Blount’s Fife x Ward’s Prolific.—aFarrer Cross; Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, withdark biscuit-coloured grain; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with mod-erately narrow and up leaves andstrong straw; the cut surface of thegrain was mealy-horny (McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894).

Blount’s Hybrid nº 38.—Hybrid cre-ated by A.E. Blount, Colorado andimported to Australia by W. Farrer.Synonym for Blount’s Lambrigg.

Blount’s Lambrigg.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), DefianceGroup.—ear bald, not clubbed, uni-form, white or yellowish, smooth,grain small and flat to plump,translucent white or yellowish grain;shells easily; threshes rather easily;

Varieties

25

medium height to tall plants withmoderately broad leaves, muchamount of flag and fine and strongyellow or brownish straw; late vari-ety; benefits from being sown early;low weight per bushel; the headshave little tendency to shell; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy thegrain, medium wheat ('biting test');as tested in Queensland, had amedium to good milling quality; inNSW regarded as easy - fair to mill(Cobb 1896; Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897; Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1901a,Cobb 1904, Guthrie & Gurney 1896,Guthrie & Gurney 1897, McAlpine1894, Peacock 1900, Shelton1894), Sutton 1904).

Blount’s Lambrigg

History: A crosbred made by A.E.Blount (Colorado) and called‘Gypsum" Also Blount’s Hybrid nº38; introduced to Australia in 1886by William Farrer; reported asgrown in Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17); grown in NSW in 1889(Cobb 1890); tested for rust resis-tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); recommended seedwheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); described and illustrated byShelton (1893) as grown in Queens-land in 1892/3; recommended as rust

resistant by the 1892 Adelaide Rustin Wheat conference for growing ona large scale but not for coastal dis-tricts (Anon 1892); grown as exper-imental crop at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm in 1892/93; and 1893/94(Cobb 1895); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); tested for rust resistance atChilders, Gippland, and Port Fairie(Vic.) in 1891; tested at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1892( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 2 ) ; 1 8 9 3( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 4 ) ; 1 8 9 4(Thompson 1895); wheat harvestedin 1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm;recommended as rust resistant forcooler districts by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); grading of wheatsexperiment Wagga 1896 (Cobb1897); grown by Wiliam Farrer in1896 and tested for flour quality byGuthrie & Gurney (1897); Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900); sample sheafsent to NSW Dep. of Ag. Museum inJanuary 1897; grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby George Inglis, SA; sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F.


26

Sales Ledger).—Synonyms: ColoradoHybrid; Colorado Special; Gypsum.

Blount’s Lambrigg Nº 2.—grown inNSW in 1889 (Cobb 1890).

Blount’s Lambrigg X Belotourka.—a Farrer Cross; Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bearded,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with moderatelybroad leaves and strong straw; thecut surface of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Blount’s Lambrigg

Blount’s Lambrigg X Horn-blende.—a Farrer Cross; Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to3’) plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-

face of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Blount’s Lambrigg X Saxon Fife.—bald ears, plant with medium amountof flag and straw of mediumstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality (Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Roma (Shelton1894).

Blount’s No. 10.—bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894).

Blount’s Rust Resistant. — N o eGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Bluedrop.—reported to shell easily(Gavin 1910).—History: grown in1878 at Milthorpe, NSW (Gavin1910).

Blue Heron.—Amidonnier Group(Cobb 1897).—History: grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1904 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).—Synonyms: Black (Winter)Emmer.

Blue Stem.—Synonym → Dart’sImperial; Synonym → Hayne’s BlueStem.

Blue Wheat.—Synonym → WhiteLammas.

Varieties

27

Blue Heron (Black Winter Emmer)

Bluey.—Synonym → Dart’s Impe-rial.

Bobbins Rust-Proof.—bald ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).

Blue Stem

Bobs.—Fairly hardy wheat, rust re-sister, quick grower, good cropper,fine milling; also, good hay wheat; agreat favourite. (Anon. 1905); shellsvery easily (Coleman 1902).—His-tory: According to W.Farrer a crossbetween Blount’s Lambrigg andSkinless Nepaul Barley; more likelya natural selection from Blount’sLambrigg; introduced in 900, grewto soem promenance in NSW, by1910 no longer grown; comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1902-1904 (McKeown1905b); grown at Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1903 (McKeown1904); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a); wheats atBathurst Experimental Farm 1903-4(Peacock 1904); recommended assuitable for hay and grain (Sutton1904); wheats grown at Bathurst


28

Experimental Farm 1904 (Peacock1904); wheat grown at Glen InnisExperimental Farm 1904 (Gennys1905); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904); wheat tested at Sad-dleworth, SA (Coleman 1902);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1905 (Cowra Seed Register).

Bokhara Desert.—Rusian wheattested in the late 1880s in NSW(Farrer 1898b).—History: millingtests 1904.

Bolton’s Blue Stem.—Synonym →Hayne’s Blue Stem.

Bolton’s Bluestem.—Synonym →Hayne’s Blue Stem.

Bomen.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: (Red Potocka x(Powers Fife x (Powers Fife x(Jonathan x Zaff)))); available forcommercial distribution in 1911.

Bordeaux . — History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1901(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Red Bordeuax

Bordeaux Red Chaff.—History:grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Bordeaux White Chaff.—History:grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Bordier.—Lammas Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1 8 9 7 ) . — History: import fromFrance; grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); grown in New Zealand in the1910s (Hilgendorf 1920);

Boutcher’s Velvet.—bald ears, plantwith much amount of flag and strawof medium strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-

sistance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).

Braemar Velvet.—English wheatvariety, grown in Tasmania from1850.

Branched wheat.—Synonym →Miracle.

Brigg’s Rust Resistant.—White Vel-vet Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Broderick.—bald ears, plant withmedium amount of flag and straw ofmedium strength; the heads have lit-tle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894).

Brodie’s .—strong to very strongreddish straw, reddish compact awn-less ear wih red grain.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956) late wheat varietyprobably from England.

Brodie’s Prolific.—benefits frombeing sown early; difficult to thresh(Coleman 1902, Peacock 1900).—History: reported as sown in SouthAustralia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902); grown on a com-mercial scale in South Australia in1899 (Guthrie 1900); South Aus-tralian flour reported to have an ex-cellent colour, found to have 13%gluten and low (48%) water absorb-ing strength (Guthrie 1900);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900).

Varieties

29

Brogan’s Red and White.—Rieti orLadoga Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Browick.—English variety with redgrain, grown to a small extent inNSW in the 1890s.—Bluestone Ex-periments 1905 (Farrer & Sutton1905).

Browick Red.—Synonym for Brow-ick.

Brown Axel.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Brown Lammas.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Brown Winslow.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Brown-eared Mummy . — F i n ewheats type (Triticum turgidum) ,Durum and Poulard Group; ear red orbrown; plant with much amount offlag and straw of medium strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; threshes very hard; very hardwheat ('biting test'); the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Shelton1894).—History: grown as experi-mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1892/93; and 1893/94(Cobb 1895); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894); tested in 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893).—Distribu-t ion : sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1897(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Brown’s Rust Proof.—bald ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894); 1894).—Dis-tribution: in 1894 seeds for this va-riety were sold by Richard Marshall,SA.

Buckby’s Rust Resistant. — N o eGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Buckley’s Rust-Proof.—bald ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register);—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by Richard Mar-shall, SA.

Budd’s Early.—Allora SpringGroup, with tall and strong straw,brown, tapering, drooping tip-awnedears and a medium-sized, white grainof weak flour quality, mid-seasonripening wheat, susceptible to stemrust; medium hardness; fair to mill(Cobb 1897, Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: Selection fromWard’s Prolific, made by Mr. Budd,farmer, South Australia, in the1890s; recommended because oftheir rust escaping nature if latesowing is inevitable by the (final)Rust in Wheat Conference, Mel-bourne 1896 (Anon. 1896); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1896 (Cowra Seed Register); grading


30

of wheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); grown by Wiliam Far-rer in 1896 and tested for flour qual-ity by Guthrie & Gurney (1897);tested at Waitchie (Mallee, Vic.) in1899/1900 (McAlpine 1900a).—Distribution: sold as seed wheat bythe Wagga Experimental Farm in1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Syn-onyms: Budd’s Prolific; Budd’s Rustresistant; Early Budd; Sailor’s For-tune; Sailor’s Wonder.

Budd’s Prolific.—Synonym → Bud-d’s Early.

Budd’s Rust resistant.—Synonym →Budd’s Early.

Bunstall—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Bunyip.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: (Rymer x Zaffra).

Buxar.—small, plump, white grainof low hardness; fair to mill (Guthrie& Gurney 1897).—History: grownby Wiliam Farrer in 1896 and testedfor flour quality by Guthrie & Gur-ney (1897).

31

� C �Calaby’s Purple Straw.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Calaby’s Wheat.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

California Club.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Noe Group; earsbald, yellow and smooth, with yel-low grain; plants medium height (3’to 3’6") plants with medium-sized,broadish leaves with slight flag (asSummer Club) or medium flag (asCalifornia Club) and straw ofmedium to strong strength; theheads have little tendency to shell;threshes easily; the cut surface ofthe grain was horny-mealy; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1901a, McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—Historyˆ:originated by Cyrus G. Pringle(Vermont) in the late 1870s; appar-ently rust resisting and recom-mended for further trails by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-ference for growing on a small scale(Anon 1892); recommended seedwheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894).in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894).grown at Cowra Experimental Farm

in 1905 (Cowra Seed Register);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1906 (Cowra Seed Register);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); and in 1894(Thompson 1895); tested at WaggaExperimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894).—Synonyms: Aus-tralian Club; Chili; Club; Clubhead;Little Club; Summer Club; Surprise.

California Club

California Purple.—grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).


32

California Spring.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), ear bald,red or brown, smooth, grain white oryellowish.; medium wheat ('bitingtest'; Cobb 1896b).—History: Vari-ety of Allora Spring, grown inQueensland in the 1890s because ofearly ripening; one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); tested in 1893 in the'biting test' (Cobb 1896b); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register); grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895).

Californian Chili.—Tuscan Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Californian Genesee.—Early BaartGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Californian Spring.—Synonym →California Spring.

Californian Tuscan.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Californian Velvet.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadishleaves and medium to weak straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).—Distribution: distributed byMoore, Tas.

Cameron’s Brown Straw.—Syn-onym → Velvet Pearl.

Canada Club.—Fife Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Canadian Velvet Chaff.—WhiteVelvet Group; threshes easily (Cobb1896; Cobb 1897).—H i s t o r y :American wheat variety; tested atWagga Experimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894).

Canning Downs

Canning Downs Rust Resistant.—Fine wheats type (T r i t i c u msativum), ear bearded, white or yel-lowish, medium-sized white or yel-lowish and softish grain; very short(≤2’6") plants with broadish leaves,medium amount of flag and medium(Qld) or strong (Vic) strong straw;grows fast and ripens early, thus li-able to late frosts; high weight perbushel; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; threshes hard; the cutsurface of the grain was horny-mealy; hard wheat ('biting test'); thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality; deemed fair tomill in NSW (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1904,Guthrie & Gurney 1896, McAlpine1894, Peacock 1900, Shelton1894).—History: Indian wheat vari-ety introduced to Queensland in the1880s; described and illustrated byShelton (1893) as grown in Queens-land in 1892/3; grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1890 (CowraSeed Register); one of the original64 recommended for assessment by

Varieties

33

the wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); wheat harvested in1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm.grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1892/93;1893/94 (Cobb 1895); and 1894(Coleman 1894); in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894);

Canning Downs

in 1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Clermont,Hughenden, Herberton, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);tested in 1893, 1894 and 1895 inthe 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b);recommended because of their rust

escaping nature if late sowing isinevitable by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); Bathurst growth andr ipening exper iments 1900(Peacock 1900); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899).—Distribution: sold asseed wheat by the WaggaExperimental Farm in 1897 and1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Cape.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), ear bald, white or yellow-ish, smooth, grain red or amber;plant with medium amount of flagand straw of strong strength; theheads have little tendency to shell;hard wheat ('biting test'); the grain,as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Cobb1896b, Shelton 1894).—History:wheat of South African origin;tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); oneof the original 64 recommended forassessment by the wheat nomencla-ture committee (Cobb 1893); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1893 (Cowra Seed Register); grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); tested in 1893 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c).

Carmichael’s Eclipse.—Selectionfrom (→) Ward’s Prolific made byCarmichael Bros (Crystal Brook,SA) about 1900; grown on a com-mercial scale in South Australia in1899 (Guthrie 1900); South Aus-tralian flour reported to have an ex-cellent colour, found to have 11.5%gluten and low (47.5%) water ab-sorbing strength (Guthrie 1900).—Synonyms: Eclipse.


34

Cape

Carnelian—grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1891 (Cowra SeedRegister);—Distribution: hybridmade in 1890 by and imported fromProf. Blount, Colorado.

Carre des Sicile Rouge—Synonymfor Sicilian Squareheaded Red

Carosella .—Synonym → Whi teNaples.

Carter’s.—reported as sown in SouthAustralia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956).

Carter’s 43.—Velvet Pearl Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Carter’s 81.—Indian Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Carter’s 87.—White Velvet Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Carter’s 103.—Lammas Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Carter’s 107.—Golden Drop Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Carter’s A.—Square Head Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).—Distribution:distributed by Carter (UK).

Carter’s B.—Tuscan Group (1896,Cobb 1897); Fife Group (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).—Distribution:distributed by Carter (UK).

Carter’s Birdproof.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with biscuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to 3’)plants with broad leaves and strongstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas horny (McAlpine 1894).—His-tory: in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); tested for rust re-sistance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson1894).—Distribution: distributed byCarter (UK).

Carter’s C.—threshes easily (Cobb1896).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).—Distribution: dis-tributed by Carter (UK).

Carter's Crossbred—tested for rustresistance at Longerong (Vic) in1891.

Carter’s D.—White Velvet Group;White Velvet Group (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Carter’s E.—Tuscan Group; thresheshard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—

Varieties

35

History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).—Distribution: distributed byCarter (UK).

Carter’s F.—Synonym → Earliest ofAll.

Carter’s G.—Square Head Group;threshes hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).—Distribution: dis-tributed by Carter (UK).

Carter’s H.—Golden Drop Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).—Distribution:distributed by Carter (UK).

Carter’s I.—Synonym → Anglo-Australian.

Carter’s J.—History: tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).—Distribution:distributed by Carter (UK).

Carter’s K.—Golden Drop Group(1896, Cobb 1897); threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).—Distribution: distributed byCarter (UK).

Carter’s New Hybrid.—Golden DropGroup (1896, Cobb 1897); threshesrather hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Carter’s Pearl.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to 3’)(plants with broad leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy-horny(McAlpine 1894).—History : in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance at

Hawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894); grown atHawkesbury 1903 from seed ob-tained from South Africa, resemblesNew Zealnd White Tuscan and Lam-brig White Lammas (Sutton 1904);distributed by Carter (UK).—Syn-onyms: Pearl

Carter’s Queen.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand velvety, with biscuit-colouredgrain; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broad leaves and mediumstrength straw; the cut surface of thegrain was mealy (McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); dis-tributed by Carter (UK).—S y n -onyms: Queen

Cedar.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: ((((Jonathan x Zaf-fra) x Powers Fife) x Powers Fife)).

Centennial .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum) with a blackbeard; ears bearded, yellow andsmooth, with straw grain; very tall(≥ 4’) plants with broad leaves andvery coarse and strong straw; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: testedfor rust resistance at Longerong(Vic) in 1891; in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894).—Distribu-tion: distributed by Robin, SA.—Synonyms: American Centennial;Petanielle Blanche.

C e r e s .—Selection made byR.Marshall, farmer (SA), about 1900rustr esistant.

Chalcedony .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, withstraw grain; tall (3’6" to 4’) plantswith broadish leaves and mediumstrength straw; the cut surface of thegrain was mealy (McAlpine


36

1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1890(Cowra Seed Register).—Distribu-t ion : a variety produced by AEBlount (Colorado, USA) and intro-duced to Australia by William Far-rer; tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).

Centennial

Champion.—grown in NSW in 1889(Cobb 1890).

Champion Hybrid.—threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896).—History: re-ported as grown in Queensland in1889 (Anon 1890:17); tested forrust resistance at Port Fairie (Vic.)in 1891.

C h a m p l a i n .—Rieti or LadogaGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Champlain’s Hybrid.—An Ameri-can Import in the late 1880s; EarlyBaart Group (Cobb 1897); Finewheats type (Triticum sativum); earsbearded, with pale biscuit-colouredgrain; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy-horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Chant’s Prolific.—Synonym →Dart’s Imperial.

Chatsbury—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);1894 (Thompson 1895).

Chico Club.—Californian wheat va-riety; tested at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1894 (Coleman 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1895 (Cowra Seed Register).

C h i d d a m .—Lammas Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Chiddam blanc de Mars—Synonym→ Chiddam’s White Spring.

Chiddam’s White Spring.—thresheseasily (Cobb 1896).—History: grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1893 (Cowra Seed Register).—Dis-tribution: Vilmorin (Paris).

Varieties

37

Chili.—Synonym → California Club.

Chilli.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), ear bald, white or yellow-ish, smooth, grain white or yellow-ish; plants with broad leaves; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy (Cobb1897, McAlpine 1894).—History: in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

China Spring.—Noe Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

China Tea.—Lazistan Group (Cobb1897); threshes easily.

Chippendale—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);1894 (Thompson 1895).

Chirka—milling tests 1904.

Chrysol i te .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Lammas Group;ears bald, yellow and smooth, withstraw grain; short (2’6" to 3’) plantswith broad leaves and mediumstrength straw; threshes rather hard;the cut surface of the grain washorny-mealy (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); hybrid made in 1890 by andimported from Prof. Blount, Col-orado.

Chul Bidai—milling tests 1904.

Clarendon.—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: ((((Eden xJondhala) x Jonathan) x Gluyas) xBobs)); cross made in 1905, avail-able for commercial distribution1914?

Clark’s Rust Proof.—Synonym →Clark’s Rust Resistant

Clark’s Rust Resistant.—DefianceGroup; medium, white and mediumhard grain, threshes rather hard; fairto mill (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Guthrie & Gurney 1896).—History:apparently rust resisting and recom-mended for further trails by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-ference for growing on a small scale(Anon 1892); recommended seedwheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893).—Synonyms : Clark’s RustProof.

C l a w s o n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Red ProvenceGroup; ear bald, red or brown,smooth, grain white or yellowish;tall (3’6" to 4’) plants with moder-ately broad leaves and mediumstrength straw threshes rather easily;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy-horny (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, McAlpine 1894).—History:introduced from the USA (Cobb1893); tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); one of the original 64 recom-mended for assessment by the wheatnomenclature committee (Cobb1893); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894);grown as experi-mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1892/93 (Cobb 1895);tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894).

Cleanstraw.—Farrer cross used as aparent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

Cleveland.—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: ((Hornblende xBlount’s Lambrigg selction) x Pur-ple Straw Tuscan)).; Bluestone Ex-


38

periments 1905 (Farrer & Sutton1905); wheat grown at Glen InnisExperimental Farm 1904 (Gennys1905); wheats at Bathurst Experi-mental Farm 1903-4 (Peacock1904); wheats grown at BathurstExperimental Farm 1904 (Peacock1904); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1905 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Club.—Synonym → California Club.

Clubbed Indian.—Allora SpringGroup; grows fast and ripens early,thus liable to late frosts (Cobb 1897,Peacock 1900).—History: Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900).

Clubhead.—Synonym → CaliforniaClub; Synonym → Rattling Jack.

Colorado Hybrid.—Synonym →Blount’s Lambrigg.

Colorado Special.—Synonym →Blount’s Lambrigg.

Comeback.—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: ((Vanessa xIndian G) x Improved Fife).; grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1905 (Cowra Seed Register).

Common Bladette.—Synonym →Bladette Commune.

Common Snowdrop.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with straw grain;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith moderately broad leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by H. Smith,NSW.

Cone Rivet.—See Cone.

Cone .—Bearded Velvet Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb

1897).—History: grown as experi-mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1892/93 (Cobb 1895).—Synonyms: Rivett or Cone.

Cook’s.—bald ears, plant with lightamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora (Shelton1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).

Cooke's Wheat—Synonym forCook’s

Cornstalk.—Farrer cross used as aparent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

Corowa Wheat.—tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: grownand distributed by G.F. Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).—S y n o n y m s :Berthoud’s Nº 127.

Count Waldersdorf.—Fife Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Crate.—Lazistan Group; threshesvery easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Crepi.—Noe Group; a late maturingold French vulgare wheat withmedium, dull and soft grain red grainthreshes easily fair to mill (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, Guthrie & Gurney1896).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1892 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: im-ported by W. Farrer from Vilmorin(Paris) in 1891.

Varieties

39

Creping Red Straw.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Cretan.—(Triticum durum); Durumand Poulard Group; Macaroni wheatears bearded, yellow and smooth,with pale biscuit-coloured grain; tall(3’6" to 4’) plants with moderatelybroad leaves and strong straw; thecut surface of the grain was horny;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894).—History: Introduced from southernEurope in the 1880; tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grownat Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);manuring experiments Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1904 (McKeown1905a); seed wheat for sale (Anon.1905); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); introduced to Dookie 1890;grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1904 (Cowra Seed Register).

Cromptons New Red Straw.—re-ported as sown in South Australia in1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956).

Cross’ Wheat.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain; very short (≤2’6")plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by Cross, Dunolly.

Cumberland.—Reported as rust-re-sisting, quick grower, good yielder,and well liked; also suitable for hay.(Anon. 1905).—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: (Blounts Lam-brigg x Pasteur).; grown at Wagga

Experimental Farm 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1901-1904 (McKeown1905b); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904); wheats at BathurstExper imenta l Farm 1903-4(Peacock 1904); wheats grown atBathurst Experimental Farm 1904(Peacock 1904); wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905).

Currell.—Ward’s Prolific Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History:grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Cythere White


40

Cythere White.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Early BaartGroup; ear bearded, white or yellow-ish, long, translucent red or amberand medium hard grain; plant withmedium amount of flag and straw ofstrong strength; the heads havemedium tendency to shell; threshesrather hard; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality; demed as fair to mill inNSW (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Guthrie & Gurney 1896, Shelton

1894).—History: one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Spring-sure, Clermont, Hughenden, Herber-ton, Allora and Roma (Shelton1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

41

� D �D’Arblay’s Hungarian.—Synonym→ Darblay’s Hungarian.

Dallas.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), Lammas Group; ear bald,tapering, white or yellowish,smooth, grain white or yellowish;tall (3’6" to 4’) plants with broadishleaves and very stiff straw; strawyellow or brownish; ripens midsea-son; threshes rather hard the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy; mediumwheat ('biting test') (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894.

Dallas

History: one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register); grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb

1895); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c).

Darblay’s Hungarian.—Fine wheatstype (Tri t icum sat ivum), earbearded, white or yellowish, grainred or amber Lazistan Group; plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave medium tendency to shell;threshes rather easily soft wheat('biting test'); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1904, Shelton 1894).

Darblay’s Hungarian

History: introduced from Budapest;grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);in 1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora (Shelton1894); one of the original 64 rec-


42

ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 and in1900 (Cowra Seed Register); testedfor rust resistance at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1894(Thompson 1895); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c).—Syn-onyms: D’Arblay’s Hungarian.

Darham Nº 1—Synonym for Talav-era Darham Nº 1

Dart’s Imperial.—Tuscan Group;threshes rather hard benefits frombeing sown early (as Chant’s Prolificand as Dart’s Imperial); fair sized,translucent grain of medium hard-ness; very easy to mill (Guthrie &Gurney 1897); South Australianflour reported to have an excellentcolour, found to have 11.5% glutenand low (48%) water absorbingstrength (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Guthrie 1900, Peacock 1900).—History: Selection from Purple Strawmade by farmer T.Dart (Lucindale,SA) before 1890 (as Blue Stemlisted); grown on a commercial scalein South Australia in 1899 (Guthrie1900); wheat tested at Saddleworth,SA (Coleman 1902); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1901(Cowra Seed Register); grown byWiliam Farrer in 1896 and testedfor flour quality by Guthrie & Gur-ney (1897); grown at Wagga Exper-imental Farm 1901 (McKeown1901); 1901/02 (McKeown 1902);1903 (McKeown 1904); manuringexperiments Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1904 (McKeown 1905a);comparative wheat experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1900-1904 (McKeown 1905b); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-

iments 1900 (as Chant’s Prolificand as Dart’s Imperial)(Peacock1900); Synonyms: Bluey; BerriganChampion; Blue Stem; Chant’s Pro-lific; Mountain Blue; Perry’sSquarehead; Sutton’s Prolific; Sut-tor’s Prolific.

Dart’s Wonder—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

De Oude—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister).

D e f i a n c e .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Defiance Group;plants medium height (3’ to 3’6")(Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894).—History: American wheat varietycreated by Cyril G. Pringle(Champlain Valley, California, USA)in 1871 as a result of cross GoldenDrop x White Hamburg; introducedto NSW in the 1880s; described andillustrated by Shelton (1893) asgrown in Queensland in 1892/3;very popular wheat variety grownby 35.2 % of 213 Queensland farm-ers questioned in 1892 (Shelton1894); tested for rust resistance inQueensland in 1891; tested for rustresistance at Childers, Gippland, andPort Fairie (Vic.) in 1891; tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); wheat variety;tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894).—Distri-bution: sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Defiance Red.—reported as grownin Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Varieties

43

Defiance

Deitz.—Lazistan Group; threshesrather hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Delawara Wheat.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Democrat .—Early Baart Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Diche Mediterranean.—Rieti orLadoga Group; threshes rather easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

District.—Tuscan Group; threshesvery hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Dollar.—Victorian farmer’s selec-tion from Purple Straw (Anon1991).

Dominion—Synonym for AustralianGlory

Dr. Bancroft.—Synonym → IndianDelta.

Dutoits

Du Toits.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Early BaartGroup (Cobb 1897); ear bearded,rosy; ears bearded, yellow, occ. rosyand smooth, with biscuit-colouredgrain; short (2’6"-3’) plants withbroadish leaves and medium strengthstraw the cut surface of the grainwas horny; medium wheat ('bitingtest'); threshes rather hard (Cobb1896; 1896b, 1897, 1904,McAlpine 1894).—History: i n


44

1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atChilders, Gippland, and Port Fairie(Vic.) in 1891; grown as experimen-tal crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);grown at Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton1904); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c).—Distribution:distributed by Robin, SA.

Dubanka .—seed wheat for sale(Anon. 1905).

Dubois .—Synonym → Ratt l ingJack.

Duke William Red Wheat (Old).—English wheat variety, recom-mended for growing in South Aus-tralia (Kiddle 1861), to be sourcedfrom Horsham, Sussex;

Duluth.—Minnesota strong flourvariety (such as Blue Stem); tested1899/1900 at Port Fairy (McAlpine1900a);

Dumpty .—Synonym → Farmer’sFriend.

Duncliffe’s Defiance.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with dark yel-lowish brown grain; medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broad leavesand medium strength straw(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Durum .—(Triticum durum); earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withpale biscuit-coloured grain; very tall(≥ 4’) plants with moderately broadleaves and very strong straw; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rust

resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Durum wheat

“Durum”.—large, translucent grainof very great hardness; difficult tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History: grown by Wiliam Farrer in1896 and tested for flour quality byGuthrie & Gurney (1897); obrained

Varieties

45

from Tasmania where it was grownas a hay wheat.

Dwarf Humboldt’s.—Square HeadGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

46

� E �Earliest of All.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); White VelvetGroup; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; ears bald,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; threshes ratherhard (the cut surface of the grainwas mealy-horny (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, McAlpine 1894).—History:tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).—Distribu-tion: distributed by Carter (UK).—Synonyms: Carter’s F.

Early Baart

Early Baart.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Early BaartGroup; tall plants with broad,medium-sized leaves; ear bearded,

white or yellowish, smooth; grainred or amber; grows fast and ripensearly, thus liable to late frosts;medium weight per bushel; threshesrather easily; the cut surface of thegrain was very mealy; medium wheat('biting test') (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b; Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b,Cobb 1901a, Cobb 1904, McAlpine1894, Peacock 1900).

History: South African variety intro-duced to South Australia in 1884 byProf. Custance; known as ‘Africanbearded when introduced’; wheatagain imported from South Africa(Sutton 1904); tested for rust resis-tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb1895); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); recommended be-cause of their rust escaping nature iflate sowing is inevitable by the(final) Rust in Wheat Conference,Melbourne 1896 (Anon. 1896);wheat harvested in 1897/8 onWagga Exp. Farm; wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98

Varieties

47

(Farrer 1899); grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904); Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c).—Dis-tribution: sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1897and 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms: African Bearded; Baard;Baart.

Early Baart

Early Bearded (French).—Synonym→ Early French Bearded.

Early Budd.—Synonym → Budd’sEarly.

Early Frame.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Early French Bearded.—Ear lyBaart Group; threshes rather easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:Sample sheaf sent to NSW Dep. ofAg. Museum in January 1897.—Synonyms: Early Bearded (French).

Early Genesee.—Rye Wheat Group(Cobb 1897).—History: Americanwheat variety; tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Early Gluyas.—fine straw (Sutton1904); very early ripening (Sutton1904).—History: Selection fromWard’s Prolific by J.I. Gluyas, PortGermein, SA; rust escaping variety(Sutton 1904); grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1905(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Gluyas; Gluyas Early; Wilkinson’sEarly Prolific; Penguin Island.

Early Japanese.—Fine wheats type(Triticum turgidum), ear red orbrown; Japanese Group; thresheseasily; plant with medium amount offlag and straw of strong strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; bald ears, the grain, as testedin Queensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Shelton 1894).—History: one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893). grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter);in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894); recommended byFarrer (1892); tested for rust resis-


48

tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).

Early Japanese

Early Lambrigg.—wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); grown at CollabahExperimental Farm in 1899, cut forhay (Peacock 1900).

Early Para

Early Para.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Indian Group;

ear bald, white or yellowish, smooth,grain white or yellowish; plantsmedium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith small, broadish leaves, mediumamount of flag and strong, brittlestraw of yellow or brownish colour;ripens early; grows fast and ripensearly, thus liable to late frosts; veryweak straw; the heads have littletendency to shell; medium weightper bushel; threshes rather hard; thecut surface of the grain was mealy;medium wheat ('biting test'); thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had ahard red milling quality (Cobb 1893;Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897, Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1901a,Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894, Pea-cock 1900, Shelton 1894).

History: Awnless selection fromEarly Baart, made by A.B. Robin,farmer, SA in the 1880s; tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); one of the origi-nal 64 recommended for assessmentby the wheat nomenclature commit-tee (Cobb 1893); apparently rust es-caping and recommended for furthertrails by the 1892 Adelaide Rust inWheat conference for growing on asmall scale (Anon 1892); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; 1893/94(Cobb 1895); and 1894 (Coleman1894); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atSpringsure, Clermont, Hughenden,Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1894 (Thompson 1895);recommended because of their rustescaping nature if late sowing is in-evitable by the (final) Rust in WheatConference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); tested in 1893, 1894

Varieties

49

and 1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); Bathurst growth andr ipening exper iments 1900(Peacock 1900).—Distribution: rec-ommended seed wheat in NSW(ounce packet) (Cobb 1893); sold asseed wheat by the Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger); distributed by Robin, SA.

Early Para

Early Purle Straw.—tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Early Red Clauson.—Americanwheat variety; tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Early Viking.—Synonym → Viking.

Eden.—Farrer cross used as a parentin many other crosses, never re-leased as own variety.

Eclipse.—Fife Group; threshes easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register); Seealso → Carmichael’s Eclipse.

Eggshell .—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Egyptian .—threshes very easily(Cobb 1896).—History: reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956) sown in Victoriain 1865 and reported as liable torust; reported as grown in Queens-land in 1889 (Anon 1890:17);wheat variety grown by 1.4 % of213 Queensland farmers questionedin 1892 (Shelton 1894).

Egyptian A1.—Durum and PoulardGroup (Cobb 1897).

Egyptian A2.—Durum and PoulardGroup (Cobb 1897).

Egyptian A 105.—threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896).

Egyptian A 106.—threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896).

Egyptian B.—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Egyptian C.—threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896).

Egyptian C1.—Durum and PoulardGroup (Cobb 1897).

Egyptian C2.—Durum and PoulardGroup (Cobb 1897).


50

Egyptian D.—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Egyptian E.—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Egyptian F.—Durum and PoulardGroup (Cobb 1897).

Egyptian G.—threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896).

Egyptian H.—Durum and PoulardGroup (Cobb 1897).

Egyptian Mummy.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); earsbearded, multiple, with plump, whiteto light yellow and softish grain;plants medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broadish leaves, mediumamount of flag and medium (Vic) tostrong (Qld) strength straw; plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; hardwheat ('biting test'); the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896b, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894, Shelton1894).—History: exhibited at theannual show of the Agricultural andHorticultural Society of South Aus-tralia in February 1856 (Anonyous1856); recommended as rust resis-tant by the 1892 Adelaide Rust inWheat conference for growing on alarge scale (Anon 1892); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1892 (Thompson1892) and in 1893 (Thompson1894); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Clermont,Hughenden, Herberton, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); recom-mended seed wheat in NSW (5lbbags) (Cobb 1893); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); tested

in 1893 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c).

Einkorn.—Original, ancestral wheatvariety. Occasionally grown for edu-cational purposes.

Einkorn

Emerald .—Square Head Group;threshes very easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1890 (CowraSeed Register).

English Pedigree.—grown in SouthAustralia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873);

Varieties

51

English Wheat.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Engrain Petit—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894).

Epantre ordinnaire, blanc sansbarbes—tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).

Eski Sehir Hard—Turkish wheatvariety imported in NSW for testingin 1896/96.

Essex.—prize winning wheat grownby H.J.Angas of Collinggrove, SA, in1881 (Angas 1886).

Etawah .—fair sized, translucentgrain of great hardness; fair to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897, Guthrie &Gurney 1896).—History: grown by

Wiliam Farrer in 1896 and testedfor flour quality by Guthrie & Gur-ney (1897).

Excelsior.—bald ears, plant withmedium amount of flag and straw ofstrong strength; the heads have littletendency to shell; early ripening;the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a good milling quality (Shelton1894, Sutton 1904).—History: Al-bury Pastoral Society test 1891;tested for rust resistance at PortFairie (Vic.) in 1891; in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grown at Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton1904).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by GeorgeInglis, SA.

Eyes Right.—grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904).

52

� F �F.R., from Samara.—Macaroniwheat grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).

F1.—Japanese Group; medium, redand medium hard grain; rather diffi-cult to mill (Cobb 1897, Guthrie &Gurney 1896).

Farmer’s Friend

Farmer’s Friend.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, uni-form, rosy, yellow and smooth;grain white or yellowish; PurpleStraw Group; plants short to mediumheight plants with broadish leaves,much amount of flag and medium tostrong straw; straw purple; the headshave little to medium tendency toshell; ripens mid season; benefitsfrom being sown early; because thevariety is earlier maturing it wasmore drought resistant than others;low weight per bushel; threshesrather hard; the cut surface of thegrain was horny; medium wheat

('biting test’)(as Fillbag and asFarmer‘s Friend); the grain, as testedin Queensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894, Peacock1900, Shelton 1894).—History: Se-lection from Purple Straw, verypopular in the 1880s and 1890s; oneof the original 64 recommended forassessment by the wheat nomencla-ture committee (Cobb 1893); re-garded as prolific but moderatelyrust resistant by the 1892 AdelaideRust in Wheat conference for grow-ing on a large scale (as Fillbag re-garded only as prolific but moder-ately rust resistant) (Anon 1892);recommended seed wheat in NSW(5lb bags) (Cobb 1893); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); testedfor rust resistance at Childers, Gipp-land, at Longerong (Vic) in 1891and Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891 (asFillbag and as Farmer’s Fiend);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1890 and in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister); tested for rust resistanceat Hawkesbury Agricultural Collegein 1893 (Thompson 1894) in 1894(Thompson 1895) (as Fillbag and asFarmer’s Fiend); in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-

Varieties

53

lora (as Fillbag) Roma (as Fillbag andas Farmer‘s Friend) (Shelton 1894);planted for seed Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1898; reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956); Sample sheaf sent to NSWDep. of Ag. Museum in January1897; in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); tested at WaggaExperimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (as Fillbag and asFarmer‘s Friend) (Cobb 1896c);grading of wheats experimentWagga 1896 (Cobb 1897); tested atSwan Hill (Mallee, Vic.) in1899/1900 (both as ‘Farmer’sFriend’ and as ‘Fillbag,’ McAlpine1900a); Bathurst growth and ripen-ing experiments 1900 (Peacock1900); grown at Collabah Experi-mental Farm in 1899 (Peacock1900); grown at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1901/02 (McKeown 1902);Wagga Experimental Farm 1903(McKeown 1904); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); manuring experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1904 (McKeown 1905a); compara-tive wheat experiments Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1899-1904(McKeown 1905b); Bluestone Ex-periments 1905 (Farrer & Sutton1905); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).—Distribution: rec-ommended seed wheat in NSW(ounce packet) [as ‘Fillbag’] (Cobb1893).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1896, 1897 and 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger); seed wheatfor sale (Anon. 1905).—Synonyms:Dumpty; Fillbag.

Fillbag variety of Farmer’s Friend

Farrer’s Durum . — M a c a r o n iw h e a t . — History: Farrer cross(Farrer 1902); manuring experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1904 (McKeown 1905a); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904); seed wheat for sale(Anon. 1905).

Farrer’s Purple Straw.—whea ttested at Saddleworth, SA (Coleman1902).

Federation.—ripens early (Coleman1902); suits warm districts, fairlyshort, clean straw, holds grain well,good cropper, fine plump grain;liked by millers. (Anon. 1905).—History: Farrer cross (Farrer 1902);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1903 (McKeown 1904); compara-tive wheat experiments Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1902-1904(McKeown 1905b); manuring exper-iments Wagga Experimental Farm1904 (McKeown 1905a); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);wheat grown at Glen Innis Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Gennys 1905);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1905 (CowraSeed Register).


54

Feldspar .—Fife Group (Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register);,—Distribution: hy-brid made in 1890 by and importedfrom Prof. Blount, Colorado.

Fetich from Otiah .—reportedas grown in Queensland in 1889(Anon 1890:17).

Fetich Nº 3.—reported as grown inQueensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Field Marshal.—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: (Improved Fifex Marshall’s Prolific).; comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1902-1904 (McKeown1905b); grown at Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1903 (McKeown1904); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a); wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905); seed wheat for sale(Anon. 1905); wheat tested at Sad-dleworth, SA (Coleman 1902); Far-rer cross (Farrer 1902).

Fife.—English wheat of Baltic ori-gins, imported 1842 to UK, later toAustralia.

Fife.—Californian wheat variety;tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894).

Fife Essex.— used by Farrer in hiscrossing experiments.

Fife’s Indian.—medium, translucentand hard grain, fair to mill (Guthrie& Gurney 1896).

Fillbag.—Synonym → Farmer’sFriend.

Finley.—Fife Group; threshes rathereasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Firbank.—Farrer cross of the fol-lowing parentage: (Zealand x Maf-fra).

Fisher’s First.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Fort Collins

Flourba l l .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with dark biscuit-coloured grain; plants with broadishleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy-horny (McAlpine 1894).—History: in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); tested for rust re-sistance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson1894).—Distribution: distributed byCarter (UK).

Florence.—Farrer cross of the fol-lowing parentage: (((White Naples xImproved Fife) x White Naples) x(Improved Fife x Eden)).

Varieties

55

Fluorspar .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Fife Group; semibearded ears, yellow and smooth,with biscuit-coloured grain the headshave little tendency to shell;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broadish leaves, much amountof flag and medium strength (Vic)fine strong (Qld) or straw; thresheseasily; tthe cut surface of the grainwas horny; he grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894, Shelton 1894).—History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); tested for rustresistance at Hawkesbury Agricul-tural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Springsure,Clermont, Hughenden, Herberton,Allora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1891 (Cowra Seed Register).—Distribution: a hybrid made in 1890by AE Blount (Colorado, USA) andintroduced to Australia by WilliamFarrer.

Fore l la .—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Fort Collins.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, rosy,grain white or yellowish; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: introduced fromthe USA (Cobb 1893); grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-

mental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893).

Fountain

F o u n t a i n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Purple StrawGroup; ear bald, rosy, yellow andsmooth, grain white or yellowish;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broad leaves and weak straw;threshes rather hard the cut surfaceof the grain was mealy (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897), McAlpine 1894.—History: one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,


56

NSW (Cobb 1892); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).

Four-rowed Sheriff.—Square HeadGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—Synonyms: 4-rowedSheriff.

Frames Early

Frame’s Early.—Selected by Mr.Frame, Mt.Barker district, SA in the1860s Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), ear bald, rosy, grain whiteor yellowish; Tuscan Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893).

F r a m p t o n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, yellow-ish grain; ears bald, open, tapering,white or yellowish and smooth, withwhite or yellowish, pale biscuit-coloured smoothgrain chaff not

hooked; short (2’6" to 3’) plantswith broad leaves and strong straw;straw yellow or brownish; ripensmidseason; benefits from being sownearly; threshes rather hard; the cutsurface of the grain was mealymedium wheat ('biting test') (Cobb1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894, Pea-cock 1900).

Frampton

History: grown 1863 at Lake Plains,South Australia (Maughan 1867);awarded the wheat prize at the 1867Royal Agricultural and HorticulturalSociety of South Australia show(Anon. 1867); reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956) mainly grown for hay in the1870s and 1880s; growen in SA andVictoria well before it was intro-duced to NSW (Cobb 1893); one ofthe original 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900).tested for rustresistance at Port Fairie (Vic.) in

Varieties

57

1891; grown at Cowra ExperimentalFarm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter);—Distribution: distributed byMarshall, SA.—Synonyms: Leather-head.

Frampton

Freeling .—bald ears, plant withmuch amount of flag and straw ofmedium strength; the heads have lit-tle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894).

French Bearded.—Synonym →French Early Bearded

French Bearded Spring—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register).

French Early Bearded

French Early Bearded. — F i n ewheats type (Triticum sativum), earbearded, rosy; grain whitish or yel-low; plant with much amount of flagand straw of strong strength; tallplants; the heads have little ten-dency to shell medium wheat ('bitingtest’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality (Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897;Cobb 1904; Shelton 1894).—His-tory: one of the original 64 recom-mended for assessment by the wheatnomenclature committee (Cobb1893); wheat harvested in 1897/8on Wagga Exp. Farm; grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb


58

1896b); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);wheat crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1897-98 (Farrer 1899); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1898 (Cowra Seed Register).—Dis-tribution: sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:Barbe Ratef; French Bearded.

French Early White.—large, plumptranslucent grain with great hard-ness; fair to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms: Rochelle Claude Native

French Red Straw.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Friesling—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Frumente ferrareuse.—LazistanGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

F u l c a s t e r .—Lazistan Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Fultz.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum), Noe Group; ear bald, notclubbed, white or yellowish andsmooth, smooth, grain red or amberand flat; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broad leaves, mediumamount of flag and medium strength(Vic) or strong (Qld) straw; strawyellow or brownish; the heads havemuch tendency to shell; ripens late;threshes rather easily; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny; softwheat ('biting test'); the grain, as

tested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1904,McAlpine 1894, Shelton 1894).

Fultz

History: a variety produced by AEBlount (Colorado, USA) and intro-duced to Australia by William Far-rer; tested for rust resistance in

Varieties

59

1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93, 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);and 1894 (Coleman 1894); 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); testedin 1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bit-ing test' (Cobb 1896b); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora (Shelton 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1891 (Cowra Seed Register);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);wheat harvested in 1897/8 onWagga Exp. Farm; wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899).—Distribution: sold asseed wheat by the Wagga Experi-

mental Farm in 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).

Fultz

Fultz X Blount’s Lambrigg.—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum); earsbald, yellow and smooth, with darkbiscuit-coloured grain; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with broadleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain washorny-mealy (McAlpine 1894).—History: in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); a variety pro-duced by AE Blount (Colorado,USA) and introduced to Australia byWilliam Farrer.

60

� G �Galatian Summer.—bald ears, plantwith much amount of flag and strawof weak strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).

Galland’s Hybrid.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum turgidum), earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withplump, pale biscuit-coloured grain ofmedium hardness; very tall (≥ 4’)plants with broad and strong leaves,much amount of flag and verystrong and coarse straw; the headshave medium tendency to shell; thecut surface of the grain was horny-mealy; very hard wheat ('bitingtest’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality; easy to mill (Cobb 1896b,Guthrie & Gurney 1897, McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—History :Poulard wheat introduced fromFrance in the late 1880s; reported asgrown in Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:21); in 1892/93 tested in Vic-toria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); tested in 1893 in the'biting test' (Cobb 1896b); grown by

Wiliam Farrer in 1896 and testedfor flour quality by Guthrie & Gur-ney (1897); wheat tested at Saddle-worth, SA (Coleman 1902); grownat Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);late variety deemed suitable forgreen fodder if cut early (Sutton1904).—Distribution: distributedsince ≤1890 by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW); in 1894 seeds forthis variety were sold by GeorgeInglis, SA; sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:Gallant; Gallant’s Hybrid.

Gallant.—Synonym → Galland’sHybrid.

Gallant’s Hybrid.—Synonym →Galland’s Hybrid.

Gallician Saumur.—Fife Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1894 (Thompson1895).

G a r n e t .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with biscuit-colouredgrain; very tall (≥ 4’) plants withbroadish leaves and medium strengthstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy (McAlpine 1894).—His-tory: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb

Varieties

61

1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: a va-riety produced by AE Blount(Colorado, USA) and introduced toAustralia by William Farrer.

Geant du Milanais—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1904(Cowra Seed Register); Vilmorin

Genesee.—Californian wheat vari-ety; tested at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1894 (Coleman 1894).

Genoa.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: (((White Naples xImproved Fife) x White Naples) x(Improved Fife x Eden)).

German Beardless March.—NoeGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

German Emperor.—Rye WheatGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

German Giant Spring—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

Gharaf.—Rieti or Ladoga Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Gilgandra—grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Gluyas Dark Straw.—Select ionfrom Ward’s Prolific by J.I. Gluyas,Port Germein, SA.

Gluyas Early.—Synonym → EarlyGluyas.

Gluyas.—Synonym → Early Gluyas.

G n e i s s .—threshes hard (Cobb1896).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); a variety produced byAE Blount (Colorado, USA) and in-

troduced to Australia by WilliamFarrer

Go-ahead.—small, dark translucentand hard grain; rather difficult tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1896).

Golden Cross.—American wheatvariety; tested at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Golden Drop.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Golden DropGroup; ears bald, rosy or yellow andsmooth, with large white or yellow-ish biscuit-coloured grain; short(2’6" to 3’) plants with broadishleaves and medium strength straw;straw yellow or brownish; ripenslate; benefits from being sown early;low weight per bushel; threshesrather hard; the cut surface of thegrain was mealy-horny; mediumwheat ('biting test’) (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1898b, Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894,Peacock 1900).

Golden Drop

History: Old variaty grown exten-sively in SA in 1860s to 1880s; re-ported as sown in South Australia in1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); grown inSouth Australia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873); sown in Vic-toria in 1865 and reported as liableto rust; grown in NSW in 1889(Cobb 1890); one of the original 64


62

recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb1895); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); tested for rust re-sistance at Longerong (Vic) in 1891;grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register);grading of wheats experimentWagga 1896 (Cobb 1897); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);grown at Collabah ExperimentalFarm in 1899, cut for hay (Peacock1900); Sample sheaf sent to NSWDep. of Ag. Museum in January1897; Bathurst growth and ripeningexperiments 1900 (Peacock1900).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Golden Drop

Golden Gate Club.—Synonym →Little Club.

Golden Para.—Synonym → Cobbtest Wagga (Cobb 1893).

Golden Prolific.—Ward’s ProlificGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Goldsmith.—Synonym → RattlingJack.

Goldsmith’s Pedigree.—GoldenDrop Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 4 ) ; 1 8 9 4(Thompson 1895).

Gore’s Indian.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bearded,white or yellowish, grain white oryellowish; plants short; mediumwheat ('biting test’) (Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1904).—History: grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Springsure,Clermont, Hughenden, and Herber-ton (Shelton 1894); tested in 1894and 1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c).

Gore’s Indian

Gore’s Indian Nº 1.—Bearded In-dian Group; plant with light amount

Varieties

63

of flag and straw of strong strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; threshes hard; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897,Shelton 1894).—His tory:grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora and Roma (Shelton1894).

Gore’s Indian Nº 2.—Bearded In-dian Group; plant with little amountof flag and straw of much strength;the heads have little tendency toshell (threshes rather easily; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had amuch good milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, Shelton 1894).—History: grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora and Roma (Shelton1894).

Gore’s Indian Nº 7.—fair sized,translucent grain of medium hard-ness; rather difficult to mill (Guthrie& Gurney 1897).—History: grownby Wiliam Farrer in 1896 and testedfor flour quality by Guthrie & Gur-ney (1897).

Graham’s .—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Granite.—tested for rust resistancein 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).—History:grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).

Green Mountain.—Lammas Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,

Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); tested for rustresistance at Hawkesbury Agricul-tural College in 1893 (Thompson1894).

Gregson’s Lott White.—Synonym →Lott’s.

Gregson’s Penny.—Synonym →Lott’s.

Griffin Cant.—awarded the wheatprize at the 1867 Royal Agriculturaland Horticultural Society of SouthAustralia show (Anon. 1867).

Gross Prolific.—Synonym →Grosse’s Prolific.

Grosse’s Prolific.—medium wheat('biting test'; Cobb 1896b).—His-tory: Selection made from PurpleStraw by William Farrer in 1890;grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); and1894 (Coleman 1894); tested in1893 and 1894 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c); wheatharvested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; Cobb test Wagga (Cobb1893).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger).—Synonyms: GrossProlific.

Gulgong—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Gunner.—Farrer cross used as a par-ent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

Gypsum .—Synonym → Blount’sLambrigg.

64

� H �Hain’s Red Straw.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Hallett’s Pedigree.—Golden DropGroup (Cobb 1897); threshes rathereasily (Cobb 1896,).—History: re-ported as sown in South Australia in1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Hard Winter Bush.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broad leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by Marshall, SA.

Hawke’s Club.—A clubbed wheatselected in the 1890s by W.H.Hawke, farmer, Tippara, SA.

Hayne’s Blue Stem.—Selectionmade by L.H.Haynes, NorthDakota, USA, further improved byMinnesota Agricultural ExperimentStation in the 1890s, introduced toAustralia by William Farrer; Cali-fornian wheat variety; tested atWagga Experimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894); Bluestone Exper-iments 1905 (Farrer & Sutton1905) .—Synonyms : Blue Stem;Bolton’s Blue Stem; Bolton’sBluestem; Minnesota 51; Minnesota169; South Dakota

Haynes Fife—grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1905 (CowraSeed Register).

Hayne’s Mexican Spring.—Syn-onym → Mexican Spring.

Headlands .—wheats at BathurstExper imenta l Farm 1903-4(Peacock 1904).

H e b r o n .—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).—History: grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1890 (Cowra Seed Register); im-ported from Prof. Blount, Colorado.

Hedgerow

Hedgerow .—ears bald, clubbed,white to yellowish; grain small andflat, straw yellow or brownish;ripens late threshes rather hard; softwheat ('biting test') (Cobb 1896;Cobb 1896b; Cobb 1897; Cobb1904).—History: grown as experi-mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b).

Varieties

65

Hen and Chicken’s.—Synonym →Miracle.

Hercules.—Ward’s Prolific Group;plant with much amount of flag andstraw of weak strength; the headshave much tendency to shell;threshes rather hard; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); tested for rust resis-tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).—Distribution: in 1894seeds for this variety were sold byRichard Marshall, SA.

Herison Barbu.—Synonym →Bearded Herison.

Hidalgo—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister).

High Grade

High Grade.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Noe Group; earbald, white or yellowish, smooth,grain white or yellowish; threshesrather hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Hill’s Prolific.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Hindoostan.—Synonym → Hindus-tan.

Hindustan.—Rieti or Ladoga Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: American wheatvariety; tested at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).—Synonyms: Hindoostan.

Holborn Wonder.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with mottledyellow brown grain; short (2’6" to3’) plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).—Distribu-tion: distributed by Carter (UK).

Hopetown .— exhibited at the an-nual show of the Agricultural andHorticultural Society of South Aus-tralia in February 1856 (Anonyous1856);

Hornblende .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Fife Group; earsbald, yellow and smooth, with darkbiscuit-coloured grain; plantsmedium height (3’ to 3’6") plants


66

with broadish, medium-sized leavesleaves; and medium strength straw;threshes easily; the cut surface ofthe grain was mealy (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1901a, McAlpine1894).—History: Cross SasketchwanFife x Improved Fife, made by A.E.Blount, Colorado, about 1880;tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); ap-parently rust resisting and recom-mended for further trails by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-ference for growing on a small scale(Anon 1892); recommended seedwheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893). grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); testedfor rust resistance at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); recommended asrust resistant for cooler and moisterdistricts by the (final) Rust in WheatConference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896).

Hornblende x Blount’s Lambrigg.—Fine wheats type (T r i t i c u msat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with dark biscuit-colouredgrain; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); a variety produced by AEBlount (Colorado, USA) and intro-duced to Australia by William Far-rer.

Hornblende X Summer Club. —small, dark translucent and hardgrain; rather difficult to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1896).

Hudson’s Early Red Straw

Hudson’s Early Purple Straw. —Fine wheats type (T r i t i c u msativum), Purple Straw Group (Cobb1897); Fife Group; ear bald, uni-form, white to yellowish occasion-ally rosy, grain white or yellowish;plant with medium-sized leaves,medium amount of flag and straw ofstrong strength; straw purple; ripensmid season; benefits from beingsown early, because the variety isearlier maturing it was more droughtresistant than others; low weight perbushel; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; medium wheat('biting test’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1901a, Cobb1904, Peacock 1900, Shelton1894).—History: Selection fromPurple Straw made about 1880;tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); oneof the original 64 recommended forassessment by the wheat nomencla-ture committee (Cobb 1893); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1893 and in 1898 (Cowra Seed Reg-ister); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); wheat har-vested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; Sample sheaf sent to NSWDep. of Ag. Museum in January

Varieties

67

1897; grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);planted for seed Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1898; tested at Nhill(Mallee, Vic.) in 1899/1900(McAlpine 1900a); grown at WaggaE x p e r i m e n t a l F a r m 1 9 0 1(McKeown 1901) ; 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); tested in 1894and 1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grading of wheats experi-ment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);grown at Collabah ExperimentalFarm in 1899 (Peacock 1900);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900); ma-nuring experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1904 (McKeown1905a); wheat crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); comparative wheat experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1899-1904 (McKeown 1905b);wheats at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);wheats grown at Bathurst Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Peacock 1904);grown at Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton1904).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1894 (Coleman 1894);1896, 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger); seed wheat for sale (Anon.1905).

Hudson’s Purple Straw.—Synonym→ Hudson’s Early Purple Straw

Huguenot.—Awnless selection ofMedeah, a durum wheat, made byJoseph Correll (Arthur River, WA)in 1897.(Sutton 1910);—Synonyms:Le Huguenot.

Humboldt's Bald—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Hundredfold.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald,brownish and smooth, with yellowand brown grain; very short (≤2’6")plants with moderately broad leavesand medium strength straw; the cutsurface of the grain was horny-mealy (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894); distributedby Carter's.—Distribution : dis-tributed by Carter (UK).

Hunter(‘s) .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with straw grain; short(2’6" to 3’) plants with broadishvery long leaves (McAlpine1894).—History: introduced to N.Z.about 1860 (Bushuk 1995) and toAustralia at the same time orshortly after; in New Zealandmainly grown before the introduc-tion of Tuscan in the 1890s(Copland 1920); in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); dis-tributed by Vilmorin (Paris).

Hunter’s White.—Lammas Group;Durum and Poulard Group (Cobb1897); threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).—History: An oldEnglish wheazt, late maturing,grown extensively in New Zealandin the late 19th century, grown insmall quantities throughout Ausralia;New Zealand flour reported to havean very good (whitish) colour, foundto have 12.5% gluten and low (45%)water absorbing strength (Guthrie1900); grown in New Zealand in1899 (Guthrie 1900); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).


68

Hussar.—Farrer cross used as a par-ent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

Hybrid Champion.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withbiscuit-coloured grain; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with broadleaves and strong straw; the cut sur-

face of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Hybride du Tresir.—wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905).

69

� I �Imperial Fife.—in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atClermont, Hughenden, and Herber-ton (Shelton 1894).

Improved Allora Spring.—tested atSwan Hill and Waitchie (Mallee,Vic.) in 1899/1900 (McAlpine1900a);

Imported Duluth.—tested for flourstrength in 1900, found to have12% gluten and medium (61%) wa-ter absorbing strength (Guthrie1900).

Improved Baart.—Allora Springva-riety (?); bald ears, plant with lightamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads holds well with-out tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby George Inglis, SA.

Improved Clauson.—Californianwheat variety; tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Improved Fife.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Fife Group; earbald, not clubbed, tapering, white oryellowish, smooth, grain small andflat, white or yellowish; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with broadleaves, slight amount of flag andmedium strength yellow or brownishstraw; ripens late; the heads have lit-

tle tendency to shell; threshes eas-ily; the cut surface of the grain washorny; medium wheat ('biting test’);the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a flinty milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894, Shel-ton 1894).—History: Selection fromRed Fife, made by A.E. Blount(Colorado) introduced to Ausralia byWilliam Farrer; tested for rust resis-tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); recommended seedwheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93, 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); and1894 (Coleman 1894); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); wheat har-vested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; wheat crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); tested for flour strength in1900, found to have 11% gluten andhigh (73%) water absorbing strength


70

(Guthrie 1900); Bluestone Experi-ments 1905 (Farrer & Sutton1905).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger).

Improved Fife

Improved Fife x Blount’s Lam-brigg.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with biscuit-coloured grain;short (2’6" to 3’) plants with broadleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain washorny (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); recommended asrust resistant for cooler and moisterdistricts by the (final) Rust in WheatConference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896).

Improved Fife X Crepi .—medium, dull and medium hard grain;fair to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1896).

Improved Rice.—Fife Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Improved Steinwedel.—Cross of(Steinwedel x Purple Straw) x Stein-

wedel, made by Hugh Pye (DookieCollege, Vic) in 1893.

Indian.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with pale biscuit-colouredgrain; very short (≤2’6") plants withnarrow leaves and medium strengthstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy (McAlpine 1894).—His-tory: reported as grown in Queens-land in 1889 (Anon 1890:17); in-troduced from India for 1892/93 ex-periments (McAlpine 1894); de-scribed and illustrated by Shelton(1893) as grown in Queensland in1892/3; in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894).

Indian (Central).—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bearded,yellow and smooth, with pale bis-cuit-coloured grain; very short(≤2’6") plants with broadish leavesand medium strength straw; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History : re-ported as grown in Queensland in1889 (Anon 1890:17); obtainedfrom the Commissioner of CentralProvinces, India, for 1892/93 ex-periments (McAlpine 1894); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); described and illustrated byShelton (1893) as grown in Queens-land in 1892/3.

Indian 8.—threshes hard (Cobb1896).

Indian Alpha.—Allora SpringGroup; medium, translucent andhardish grain, plant with mediumamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have mediumtendency to shell; threshes rathereasily; fair to mill; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,

Varieties

71

Guthrie & Gurney 1896, Shelton1894).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Allora(Shelton 1894).

Indian Beardless.—reported asgrown in Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Indian Beta.—fair sized, translucentto white grain of great hardness;very small leaves; easy to fair tomill (Cobb 1901a, Guthrie & Gurney1896, Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown by Wiliam Farrer in1896 and tested for flour quality byGuthrie & Gurney (1897).

Indian Cabool.—grown in NSW in1889 (Cobb 1890).

Indian Club.—Bearded IndianGroup; small, white and mediumhard grain; threshes hard; fair to mill(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, Guthrie &Gurney 1896); in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atSpringsure, Clermont, Hughenden,and Herberton (Shelton 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Indian Delta.—Indian Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897); Fife Group (Cobb1897).—History: wheat grown byDr. Bancroft, Queensland, in thelate 1880s; tested for rust resistance(as Indian Delta and as Bancroft’sIndian) in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).—Synonyms: Dr. Ban-croft; Bancroft’s Indian.

Indian Early.—Indian Group; plantwith much amount of flag and strawof strong strength; the heads havemuch tendency to shell (194);threshes very hard; the grain, as

tested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Shelton 1894).—History: de-scribed and illustrated by Shelton(1893) as grown in Queensland in1892/3; in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Springsure,Clermont, Hughenden, Herberton,Allora and Roma (Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by J.D. Macanash,Qld.

Indian F.—medium, translucent andhard grain; difficult to mill (Guthrie& Gurney 1896).—History:grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

Indian Fife.—Velvet Pearl Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Indian Gamma.—Fife Group; Vel-vet Pearl Group (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).

Indian H.—small, white grain ofmedium hardness; fair to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:grown by Wiliam Farrer in 1896 andtested for flour quality by Guthrie &Gurney (1897).

Indian J.—fair sized, translucentgrain of medium hardness; fair tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History: grown by Wiliam Farrer in1896 and tested for flour quality byGuthrie & Gurney (1897).

Indian K.—fair sized, long, translu-cent grain of great hardness; ratherdifficult to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897).

Indian King.—Farrer cross used as aparent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety


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Indian N.—fair sized, long, translu-cent grain of great hardness; ratherdifficult to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897).

Indian Pearl.—bald ears, plant withmedium amount of flag and straw ofstrong strength; the heads havemedium tendency to shell; the grain,as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atSpringsure, Clermont, Hughenden,Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).

Indian Runner.—Synonym →Medeah.

Indian White.—reported as grown inQueensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Indian Zeta.—Indian Group;threshes very hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Inglis Battlefield.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof medium strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby J.M. Inglis, SA.

Inglis Inoculated SteinwedelNo.1.—bearded ears, plant with lightamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have mediumtendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora

(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby M. Berthoud, (Corowa, NSW).

Inglis Rust Proof.—Synonym →Inglis Rust Resistant.

Inglis Rust Resistant.—Fife Group;bald ears, plant with slight amountof flag and straw of fine strongstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; threshes rather eas-ily; the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a medium milling quality(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, Shelton1894).—History: Selection by Inglis,farmer, SA, extensively used in trialplots because of its moderate rustresistance; in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Alloraand Roma (Shelton 1894).—Distri-bution: in 1894 seeds for this vari-ety were sold by J.M. Inglis, SA.—Synonyms: Inglis Rust Proof.

Inglis Success.—Defiance Group;bald ears, plants with much amountof flag and and straw of strongstrength; threshes hard; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897,Shelton 1894).—Distribution:in 1894 seeds for this variety weresold by J.M. Inglis, SA.

Ironclad.—Rieti or Ladoga Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Italian Purple Straw—Synonym forItalian Tuscan Purple Straw

Italian Solid Straw—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1890(Cowra Seed Register).

Italian Tuscan Purple Straw. —Purple Straw Group; threshes hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Italian Purple Straw.

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� J �J a c i n t h .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, rosy,yellow and smooth, grain white, palebiscuit-coloured or yellowish; PurpleStraw Group; short (2’6" to 3’)plants with broad leaves, slightamount of flag and medium strengthstraw the heads have little tendencyto shell; threshes rather hard; thecut surface of the grain was horny-mealy; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894, Shelton 1894).—History: introduced by Farrer; usedby Farrer in his crossing experi-ments. tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); apparently rust escaping andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1891 (Cowra Seed Register); testedfor rust resistance at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1894(Thompson 1895); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Spring-sure, Clermont, Hughenden, Herber-ton, Allora and Roma (Shelton1894).ˆDistribution: hybrid made byA.�. Blount (Colorado).

Jade.—Farrer cross of the followingparentage: (Jacinth x Early Baart);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm

1901 (McKeown 1901); 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1900-1904 (McKeown1905b); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).

Japhet.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with yellowish browengrain; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broad leaves and strongstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas horny-mealy (McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Distribu-tion: distributed by Vilmorin (Paris).

Jasper.—Lazistan Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1890 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Jock x Blount’s Fife.—a Farrercross. Fine wheats type (Triticumsat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with biscuit-coloured grain;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith moderately broad leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rust


74

resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Jock.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum); Fife Group; ears bald, yel-low and smooth, with dark biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with narrow leaves andmedium strength straw; threshesrather easily; the cut surface of thegrain was horny (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

John Brown.—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: (((ImprovedFife x Longboat) x Hornblende) xLambrigg Australian Talavera),grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1903 (McKeown 1904); manuringexperiments Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1904 (McKeown 1905a);comparative wheat experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1903-1904 (McKeown 1905b); wheatgrown at Glen Innis ExperimentalFarm 1904 (Gennys 1905); wheatsat Bathurst Experimental Farm1903-4 (Peacock 1904); wheatsgrown at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1904 (Peacock 1904); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1905 (Cowra Seed Register).

Johnson .—Early Baart Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Jolly’s Wheat.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Jonathan.—Farrer cross of the fol-lowing parentage: ((Improved Fife xHussar) x Indian G), deemd to havehad the good qualities of Bobs, holdsits grain better, withstands dryweather; also, a good hay wheat;suits almost any district, and muchliked. (Anon. 1905); very tough to

thresh (Peacock 1904).—History:Farrer cross (Farrer 1902); grown atWagga Experimental Farm 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1901-1904 (McKeown1905b); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904); wheats at BathurstExper imenta l Farm 1903-4(Peacock 1904); wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905); wheat tested atSaddleworth, SA (Coleman 1902);Bluestone Experiments 1905 (Farrer& Sutton 1905).

Jondhala.—Indian Triticum shaero-coccum wheat introduced to Aus-tralia by William Farrer; used byFarrer in his crossing experiments

Jones Winter Fife.—White VelvetGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: Americanwheat variety; tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Jordan’s (Wheat)—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof medium strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Judkin Wheat—Synonym for Rud-kin wheat

Jumbuck.—Farrer cross of the fol-lowing parentage: ((Improved Fife xTardent’s Blue) x Lambrigg Aus-tralian Talavera).

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� K �Kaiser.—Fife Group; threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Kalm’s Rust Proof.—grown in NSWin 1889 (Cobb 1890); tested for rustresistance at Hawkesbury Agricul-tural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); tested for rust resistance inNSW in 1891.

Kalm’s Rust Resistant.—Synonym→ Kalm’s Rust Proof.—

Karkhov —Russian Durum wheatvariety imported in NSW for testingin 1896/96; milling tests 1904.

Kelley’s Rust Proof.—Spelling vari-ation → Kelly’s Rust Proof; Syn-onym → Allora Spring.

Kelly’s Rust Proof.—Synonym →Allora Spring

Kent Rough Wheat.—English wheatvariety, recommended for growingin South Australia (Kiddle 1861).

Kestrel.—Farrer cross used as a par-ent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

Kharkhov .—Synonym → Karkhov

King’s Bearded.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof weak strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by George Inglis, SA. Karkhov


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King’s Beauty.—bearded ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; the headsholds well without tendency to shell;the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a good milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by George Inglis,SA.

King’s Early.—bearded (Sutton1904); ripens early (Coleman1902).—History: A selection fromEarly Baart, made by Joseph King,farmer, Georgetown, SA in the1880s, consisting of both red andwhite grain types; tested atMyrniong (Mallee, Vic.) in1899/1900 (McAlpine 1900a);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902); grown at Hawkes-bury 1903 (Sutton 1904).

King’s Jubilee

King’s Jubilee.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald,medium-sized, translucent, white oryellowish, smooth, grain white oryellowish; Indian Group; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with large,broadish leaves, slight amount offlag and weak and brittle, yellow orbrownish straw; because the varietyis earlier maturing it was more

drought resistant than others; growsfast and ripens early, thus liable tolate frosts; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; medium weight perbushel; threshes hard; the cut surfaceof the grain was mealy-horny thegrain, medium wheat ('biting test’);fair to mill (NSW); as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b, Cobb1901a, Cobb 1904, Guthrie & Gur-ney 1896, McAlpine 1894, Peacock1900, Shelton 1894).—History: Aselection from Early Baart, made byJoseph King, farmer, Georgetown,SA in the 1880s; possibly a naturalcross of Early Baart and Purplestraw; According to Farrer (1892)selected by Henry King of AllandaleNorth, near Kapunda, SA; a cross ofEarly Baart and a White French va-riety; tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); recommended seedwheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893); apparently rust escaping andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1893 (Cowra Seed Register); testedfor rust resistance at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atSpringsure, Clermont, Hughenden,Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); Sample sheaf sent toNSW Dep. of Ag. Museum in Jan-

Varieties

77

uary 1897; grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); grading of wheats experi-ment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);wheat harvested in 1897/98 onWagga Exp. Farm. wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); grown at CollabahExperimental Farm in 1899(Peacock 1900); Bathurst growthand ripening experiments 1900(Peacock 1900).—DIstribution: soldas seed wheat by the Wagga Exper-imental Farm in 1896, 1897 and1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Kings Jubilee

King’s Pearl.—bald ears, plant withlittle amount of flag and straw ofweak strength; the heads holds wellwithout tendency to shell; the grain,as tested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-

sistance in Queensland at Allora(Shelton 1894).

King’s Jubilee X Improved Fife.—small, translucent and hard grain;fair to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1896).

King’s Purple Straw.—bearded ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of weak strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had afair milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by George Inglis,SA.

King’s Rust Resistant.—Fife Group;bearded ears, plant with slightamount of flag and straw of weakstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; threshes rather easily(the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a medium milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897); ,Shel ton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Kirkov.—Bluestone Experiments1905 (Farrer & Sutton 1905).

Klein.—bearded (Sutton 1904).—seed obtained from South Africa(Sutton 1904); grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904).

Kookaburra.—Durum (Maccaroni)wheat grown to some extent inSA.—Synonyms: Woll.

Kubanka.—Synonym → Belotourka(a durum variety of Russian origin,popular in the USA).

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� L �Ladoga.—Rieti or Ladoga Group;medium-sized leaves; threshes rathereasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, Cobb1901a).—History: tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); tested for rustresistance at Hawkesbury Agricul-tural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 and in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Sadoza

Ladoga Club—grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Laid ley .—Durum and PoulardGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Laird’s Prolific.—tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).

Lambrigg Australian Talavera. —Selection from Australian Talav-era/Talavera de Bellevue, made byWilliam Farrer; wheat tested at Sad-dleworth, SA (Coleman 1902).

Lambrigg White Lammas.—grownat Wagga Experimental Farm1901/02 (McKeown 1902); 1903(McKeown 1904); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1900-1904 (McKeown1905b); wheat tested at Saddleworth,SA (Coleman 1902); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);wheats at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);wheat grown at Glen Innis Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Gennys 1905);seed wheat for sale (Anon. 1905);

Bluestone Experiments 1905 (Farrer& Sutton 1905).

Lammas .—English wheat varietycommon in Victoria and South Aus-tralia until 1850s, when they werereplaced by Red Straw varieties.—wheat variety grown by 3.3 % of213 Queensland farmers questionedin 1892 (Shelton 1894).

Lancaster.—Californian wheat vari-ety; tested at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1894 (Coleman 1894).

Landreth’s Hard Winter.—LammasGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Langfeldt’s.—White Velvet Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Large Frame.—awarded the wheatprize at the 1867 Royal Agriculturaland Horticultural Society of SouthAustralia show (Anon. 1867).

Large Purple Straw.—threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896).—History:grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Late Lambrigg.—wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899).

Lava.—bald ears, plant with mediumamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a fair milling qual-ity (Shelton 1894).—History: i n1894 tested for rust resistance in

Varieties

79

Queensland at Roma (Shelton1894).

Lazar .—Bluestone Experiments1905 (Farrer & Sutton 1905).

L a z i s t a n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bearded,white or yellowish, grain red or am-ber Lazistan Group; plant with muchamount of flag and straw of coarseand brittle strength; the heads havemuch tendency to shell; threshesrather easily; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a flinty millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Shelton 1894).—History: importedby W. Farrer from Vilmorin (Paris)in 1891; one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Spring-sure, Clermont, Hughenden, Herber-ton, Allora and Roma (Shelton1894).

Le Huguenot .—Synonym →Huguenot.

L e a k ’ s .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, open,tapering, white or yellowish,smooth, grain red or amber; chaffnot hooked, plant with light flag,medium-sized leaves and yellow orbrownish straw of fine toughstrength; ripens midseason; theheads have little tendency to shell(Shelton 1894); the grain, as testedin Queensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1904; Shelton1894).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); recommended as rustresistant by the 1892 Adelaide Rustin Wheat conference for growing ona large scale (Anon 1892); describedand illustrated by Shelton (1893) asgrown in Queensland in 1892/3;tested at Wagga Experimental Farm

in 1894 (Coleman 1894); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Springsure, Clermont, Hugh-enden, Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); deemed a prolificproducer and modertely rust resis-tant by the (final) Rust in WheatConference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby George Inglis, SA; Richard Mar-shall, SA.—Synonyms: Ble de Lazis-tan.

Lazistan


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Leak’s Defiance.—Defiance Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Leak’s Rust Proof.—Synonym →Leak’s Rust Resistant.

Leak’s Rust Resistant.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), LammasGroup; ear bald, white or yellowish,smooth, grain white or yellowish;plants medium height (3’ to 3’6")(with broadish leaves and mediumstrength straw (McAlpine 1894);threshes rather easily; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy-horny;medium wheat ('biting test’) (Cobb1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894).

Leak’s Rust Resistant

History: Selection made D.Leak,farmr, Second Valley (SA) about1887 grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); recommended seedwheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); wheat harvested in 1897/8on Wagga Exp. Farm; wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (Cowra

Seed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);1894 (Thompson 1895).—Distri-bution: distributed by Marshall, SA;sold as seed wheat by the WaggaExperimental Farm in 1897 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger); tested at Myrniong(Mallee, Vic.) in 1899/1900(McAlpine 1900a).—Synonyms :Leak’s Rust Proof. Leak’s Wheat.

Leak's Wheat—Synonym → Leak’sRust Resistant

Leakes’.—Synonym (mispelling)→Leak’s.

Leatherhead.—Synonym → Framp-ton.

Lehigh.—Rieti or Ladoga Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Leaks Rust Resistant

Varieties

81

Like Medeah.—Macaroni wheat;grown at Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton1904).

Limberg’s Velvet.—Synonym →Tardent’s Blue.

Lincolshire Red Wheat (Old). —English wheat variety, recom-mended for growing in South Aus-tralia (Kiddle 1861).

Lion’s Defiance.—tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Little Club.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), White ClubGroup; ear bald, clubbed, white oryellowish, smooth, grain small andflat, white or yellowish; straw yellowor brownish; ripens late; thresheshard soft wheat ('biting test’) (Cobb1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897;Cobb 1904).

Little Club

History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);tested for rust resistance at Childers,Gippland, and Port Fairie (Vic.) in1891; grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b).—Synonyms: GoldenGate Club. California Club; Also US

wheat variety described by Cobb(1901c).

Little Club (US)

Little Nigger.—Selection fromGore’s Indian Nº 4 made by Farrer atLambrigg.

Little Purple Straw.—reported assown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Little Wonder.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Defiance Group;ears bald, yellow and smooth, withbiscuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to3’) plants with broadish leaves andstrong straw; threshes rather hard;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atChilders, Gippland, and Port Fairie(Vic.) in 1891; grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

London Brown.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Long Berry.—Noe Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).


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Longboat.—Farrer cross of the fol-lowing parentage: (Blé Carre xWard’s White).

Lortan—tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894).

Lots Wheat.—Synonym → Lott’s.

Lott’s.—A selection from PurpleStraw made by Mr. Gergson, farmer,York (W.A) about 1900, grown at

Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);distributed by Mr. Lott.—Synonyms:Gregson’s Lott White; Gregson’sPenny; Lots Wheat; Lotz; Penny;Shireff’s Squarehead; Western Won-der; World’s Champion; World’sWonder.

Lotz.—Synonym → Lott’s.

Lowrie’s Prolific.—Synonym →Allora Spring.

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� M �Mac’s White.—Victorian farmer’sselection from Purple Straw (Anon1991).

Macansh’s Rust Proof.—describedand illustrated by Shelton (1893) asgrown in Queensland in 1892/3.

Mahmoudi—Algerian wheat varietybrought back by Cobb from hisWorld Tour 1898-1900.

Maize Wheat.—very small, roundgrain of great hardness; diffcult tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History: an Indian wheat varietywith very short, maize-like grain(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).

Majestic.—Selection from Ward’sProlific made by R.Marshall, farmer,Wasleys, South Australia.

Majorica Carusa.—Square HeadGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

M a m m o t h .—Lammas Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Mammoth-grain Bearded.—Syn-onym for Barbu à gros grain

M a m m o t h R e d —Synonym →Mammoth.

Mammoth Rye—Synonym →Poland

Mandurama Late Rust Proof. —tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892).

M a n i t o b a .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Noe Group(Cobb 1897); ears bald, yellow and

smooth, with yellowish brown grain;the heads have little tendency toshell; plants short (2’6" to 3’)plants with broadish leaves, mediumamount of flag and straw coarse andweak (NSW) medium (Vic) or strong(Qld) strength straw; threshes ratherhard; the cut surface of the grain wasmealy; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894, Sutton1904) .—History : Imported RedWheat; tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);in 1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Clermont,Hughenden, Herberton, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).

Many Headed.—Synonym → Mir-acle.

Maria Nopla Red Wheat.—Englishwheat variety, recommended forgrowing in South Australia (Kiddle1861), to be sourced from Horsham,Sussex.


84

Marshall’s No. 1.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with yellowishbrown grain; plants with narrow

leaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy (McAlpine 1894).

Mammoth Red

History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); distributed byMarshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 2.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); Ward’sProlific Group; ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with pale biscuit-colouredgrain plants short (2’6" to 3’)plants with moderately narrow

Varieties

85

leaves, much amount of flag andmedium (Vic) or strong (Qld)strength straw; the heads have muchtendency to shell; threshes hard; thecut surface of the grain was mealy;the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a good milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Roma (Shelton1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by RichardMarshall, SA.

Marshalls Nº 3

Marshall’s No. 3.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), Ward’sProlific Group; ear bald, red orbrown, smooth, plump, translucentgrain white or yellowish and elon-gated; plant with much amount offlag and straw of medium strength;ripens mid season; the heads havemedium tendency to shell; thresheshard; medium hard grain; mediumwheat ('biting test’); the grain, astested in Queensland, fair to mill(NSW); had a good milling quality(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897, Cobb 1904, Guthrie & Gurney1896, Shelton 1894).—History: Se-lection from Ward’s Prolific made

by R.Marshall, farmer, Wasleys,South Australia in 1890; probablyantural cross between Ward’s Pro-lific and Purple Straw; tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); grown as exper-imental crop at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm in 1892/93; and 1893/94(Cobb 1895); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Alloraand Roma (Shelton 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); wheat harvestedin 1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm;Sample sheaf sent to NSW Dep. ofAg. Museum in January 1897;planted for seed Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1898; recommended as rustresistant by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); grading of wheatsexperiment Wagga 1896 (Cobb1897); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1899-1900, 1904(McKeown 1905b); grown at WaggaE x p e r i m e n t a l F a r m 1 9 0 1(McKeown 1901); manuring exper-iments Wagga Experimental Farm1904 (McKeown 1905a); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902); recommended assuitable for hay and grain (Sutton1904).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by RichardMarshall, SA; sold as seed wheat bythe Wagga Experimental Farm in1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Syn-onyms: Austral; Austin; Belgium’sPride.

Marshall’s No. 3 Purple Straw. —bald ears, plant with much amountof flag and straw of strong strength;low weight per bushel; the heads


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have little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Cobb1898b, Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1905 (CowraSeed Register); wheat crop at WaggaExperimental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by RichardMarshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 3 White Straw. —bald ears, plant with slight amountof flag and straw of strong strength;low weight per bushel; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Cobb1898b, Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA;—Syn-onyms: Silver King (later terminol-ogy).

Marshall’s No. 4.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with pale bis-cuit-coloured grain plants mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with mod-erately narrow leaves, much amountof flag and soft (NSW) to medium(Vic, Qld) strength straw; the headshave little tendency to shell; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894, Sutton1904).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Alloraand Roma (Shelton 1894); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine

1894); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 5.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); Ward’sProlific Group; ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with pale biscuit-colouredgrain; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with moderately narrowleaves and medium strength straw;threshes rather hard; the cut surfaceof the grain was mealy (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894).—History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); distributed byMarshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 6.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); semibearded ears, yellow and smooth,with dark biscuit-coloured grainplants short (2’6" to 3’) plants withmoderately narrow leaves, muchamount of flag and medium strengthstraw; the heads have little tendencyto shell; the cut surface of the grainwas horny-mealy; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a flintymilling quality (McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by RichardMarshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 7.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with biscuit-coloured grain; plants mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with

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broadish leaves, much amount offlag and medium strength straw; theheads have little tendency to shell;the cut surface of the grain washorny-mealy; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality (McAlpine 1894, Shelton1894).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Alloraand Roma (Shelton 1894); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by RichardMarshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 8.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), ear bald,red or brown, smooth, medium toelongated, translucent white or yel-lowish grain; Ward’s Prolific Group;plant with much amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; ripensmid season; low weight per bushel;the heads have little tendency toshell; threshes rather hard; mediumwheat ('biting test’); the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality; easy to mill (NSW)(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897, Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1904,Guthrie & Gurney 1896, Shelton1894).

Marshalls Nº 8

History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); wheat harvested in 1897/8on Wagga Exp. Farm; grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); grading of wheats ex-periment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);recommended as rust resistant bythe (final) Rust in Wheat Confer-ence, Melbourne 1896 (Anon.1896); planted for seed Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1898; wheat cropat Wagga Experimental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer 1899).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA; sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Marshall’s No. 9.—bald ears, plantwith much amount of flag and strawof medium strength; the heads havemedium tendency to shell; the grain,as tested in Queensland, had a flintymilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 10.—Ward’s Pro-lific Group; plant with much amountof flag and straw of strong strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; threshes hard; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Shelton 1894).—History: in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in


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1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 11.—bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had aflinty milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by Richard Mar-shall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 15.—bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had aflinty milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 17.—bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 19.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof strong strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell (Shelton1894); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a medium millingquality.—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894); i.—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 21.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof strong strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a hardmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 22.—bald ears, plantwith much amount of flag and strawof strong strength; the heads havemuch tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 24.—bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 29.—a bald ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had aflinty milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 31.—bald ears, plantwith much amount of flag and strawof medium strength; the heads have

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little tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 33.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof weak strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 35.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof medium strength; the heads havemuch tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 36.—bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s No. 37.—bald ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof strong strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Shelton 1894); in

1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Roma (Shelton1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by RichardMarshall, SA.

Marshall’s Prolific.—bearded ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood red milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall's Rust Resistant—Syn-onym for Vermont

Marshall’s Success.—bald ears,plant with much amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland atRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Marshall’s White.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with narrowleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy-horny.—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); recommended asrust resistant by the 1892 AdelaideRust in Wheat conference forgrowing on a large scale (Anon1892); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); and 1894(Coleman 1894); in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance at


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Burnley (McAlpine 1894); tested atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1892 (Thompson 1892); 1893(Thompson 1894).—Distribution:distributed by Marshall, SA.

Martin’s Amber.—Essex Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Matigalpa—grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1904 (Cowra SeedRegister); imported from Rio Grandedel Sol.

May’s Prolific.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

May wheat—Synonym for BeardedRed Spring.

McCallum’s wheat.—grown in NewZealand in the 1910s (Hilgendorf1920).

McGhee’s White.—Red ProvenceGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

McKerrell’s Resistant.—tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Meakin’s Early.—a Mallee varietyof Steinwedel; tested at Swan Hill(Mallee, Vic.) in 1899/1900(McAlpine 1900a);

M e d e a h .—Fine wheats type(Triticum turgidum), Durum andPoulard Group; ear red or brown;with dark biscuit-coloured grain;smooth chaff; black or dark grey;very tall (≥ 4’) plants with broadishleaves, much amount of flag andstrong and coarse straw; the headshave much tendency to shell; growsfast and ripens early, thus liable tolate frosts; threshes rather hard; thecut surface of the grain was hornythe grain, very hard wheat ('bitingtest’); as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Cobb 1896,

Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894, Peacock1900, Shelton 1894).

Medeah

History: Algerian durum wheat in-troduced to Australia in the 1890sone of the original 64 recommendedfor assessment by the wheat nomen-clature committee (Cobb 1893);tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Springsure,Clermont, Hughenden, Herberton,Allora and Roma (Shelton 1894); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); seed wheat for sale (Anon.1905); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); recommendedas rust resistant by the 1892 Ade-laide Rust in Wheat conference forgrowing on a large scale (Anon1892); tested for flour strength in1900, found to have 16% gluten andlow (46%) water absorbing strength(Guthrie 1900); Bathurst growth andr ipening exper iments 1900(Peacock 1900); recommended seedwheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); tested for rust resistance at

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Hawkesbury Agricultural College in1892 (Thompson 1892); and in1893 (Thompson 1894); manuringexperiments Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1904 (McKeown 1905a).—Distribution: distributed by G.Bert-houd (Corowa, NSW); sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).—Synonyms: Indian Run-ner.

M e d e a h (woolly chaff). — F i n ewheats type (Triticum turgidum) ,Durum and Poulard Group; CapeColony Red Wheat; woolly chaff(Sutton 1904); grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904); seed obtainedfrom South Africa (Sutton 1904);not the previous Medeah

Mediterranean.—Lazistan Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: reported as grownin Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Mediterranean Hybrid.—thresheseasily (Cobb 1896).—His tory :American wheat variety; tested atWagga Experimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894).

Mediterranean Spring—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register);

Mentor.—tested at Myrniong andWaitchie (Mallee, Vic.) in1899/1900 (McAlpine 1900a).

Mexican.—Synonym → Hayne’sMexican Spring.

Mexican Spring.—bearded ears,plant with medium amount of flagand straw of medium strength; theheads have little tendency to shell;the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a hard milling quality (Shelton1894).—History:reported as grownin Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17); tested for rust resistance

at Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891; in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); wheat varietygrown by 1.9 % of 213 Queenslandfarmers questioned in 1892 (Shelton1894); distributed by Hayne’s.—Synonyms: Hayne’s Mexican Spring;Mexican.

Miami Valley.—Lazistan Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Mica.—Durum and Poulard Group;very large leaves; threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, Cobb1901a).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); hybrid made in 1890by and imported from Prof. Blount,Colorado.

Miller’s Delight.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain; tall (3’6" to 4’)plants with broadish leaves and me-dium strength straw; the cut surfaceof the grain was horny (McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); testedfor rust resistance at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); distributed byCarter's; distributed by Carter (UK).

Minnesota 51 .—Synonym →Hayne’s Blue Stem.

Minnesota 169.—Synonym →Hayne’s Blue Stem.

Minnesota Blue Stem.—grain hard-ness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c).

Minnesota Fife.—tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).—History: grown at


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Cowra Experimental Farm in 1895(Cowra Seed Register).

Miracle

M i r a c l e .—Fine wheats type(Triticum turgidum), ear red orbrown; known for the branching ofthe ears.—Synonyms: Alaska; Egyp-tian Mummy; Branched wheat; Henand Chicken’s; Many Headed; Won-der.

Missorgen .—Macaroni Wheat(Triticum durum); Durum andPoulard Group; ears bearded, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with moderately broadleaves and strong and coarse straw;threshes rather easily; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1890(Cowra Seed Register); distributed byG.Berthoud (Corowa, NSW).

Mol’s Defiance.—wheat varietygrown by 0.5 % of 213 Queenslandfarmers questioned in 1892 (Shelton1894).

Mold’s Red.—wheat variety testedat Longerong, Victoria, in 1889(McAlpine 1894).

Miracle

M o s c o w .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Early BaartGroup, ear bearded, white or yellow-ish, grain red or amber, small leaves(Cobb 1897, Cobb 1901a).—His-tory: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb

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1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Mould’s Red.—Square Head Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance at Port Fairie (Vic.) in1891.

M o u l d y .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broad and longleaves; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy-horny (McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894).

Mountain Blue.—Synonym →Dart’s Imperial.

Mouton .—Noe Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Mr. William—grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Mulholland’s Favourite.—tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Mummy .—Synonym → Miracle;occasionally used as an abbreviatedname for Egyptian Mummy.

Murray Red Wheat.—Synonym →Murray River.

Murray River.—Defiance Group;plant with light amount of flag and

straw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell;threshes rather hard; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Shelton 1894).—History:tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); de-scribed and illustrated by Shelton(1893) as grown in Queensland in1892/3; wheat variety grown by 1.4% of 213 Queensland farmers ques-tioned in 1892 (Shelton 1894);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1891 (Cowra Seed Register);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894).—Distribution:in 1894 seeds for this variety weresold by M. Berthoud, (Corowa,NSW); sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:Bethoud's Nº 73; Defiance; MurrayRed Wheat; Smith's Non PareilSinalls O.K.

Muzaffar Nagar (bald).—bald ears,white; fair sized, dark, translucentgrain of very great hardness; diffi-cult to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897).

Muzaffar Nagar (bearded).—bearded ears, white; fair sized, whitegrain of low hardness; fair to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:grown by Wiliam Farrer in 1896 andtested for flour quality by Guthrie &Gurney (1897).

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� N �Nash .—(Triticum durum); earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withdark biscuit-coloured grain; very tall(≥ 4’) (plants with broadish leavesand strong and coarse straw; the cutsurface of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Navarino.—reported as sown in S.Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956).

Neapoli tan .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bearded,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadishleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Neumann’s Early.—Synonym →Newman’s Early.

New England Champion.—Verylate maturing wheat of unknownorigin, purple straw, white, taperingtip-anwed ears and white soft grainof weak floiur quality, grown in theNorthern Tablelands of NSW.

New Era.—grown in New Zealand inthe 1910s (Hilgendorf 1920).

New Red Straw.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

New Red Wonder.—Lazistan Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: wheat har-vested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; wheat crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); American wheat variety;tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894).—Distri-bution: sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

New Zealand Hunter’s White. —very leafy plants (Sutton 1904).—Imported White Wheat; seed ob-tained from South Africa (Sutton1904); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).

New Zealand Long BerriedWheat.—Synonym for Tuscan.

New Zealand Velvet.—Synonym forVelvet Pearl.

Newman’s Early.—Selection madeby Mr. Newman, farmer, SA about1890; tall strong straw, white, taper-ing, tip-awned ear, wheaite softgrain of weak flour quality.—Syn-onyms: Neumann’s Early.

N i a g a r a .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Fife Group; earsbald, yellow and smooth, with yel-lowish brown grain; plant withamount of flag and straw of plantsmedium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broadish leaves, slight amountof flag and medium (Vic) to strong(Qld) strength straw; the heads havelittle tendency to shell (Shelton1894); threshes rather easily; thecut surface of the grain was mealy-

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horny; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a hard milling qual-ity (Cobb, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—History :tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); ap-parently rust resisting and recom-mended for further trails by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-ference for growing on a small scale(Anon 1892); recommended seedwheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); tested for rustresistance at Hawkesbury Agricul-tural College in 1893 (Thompson1894).

Nimitybelle.—Fife Group; thresheseasily; benefits from being sownearly (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, Pea-cock 1900).—History: Bathurs tgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900).

Ninety Days.—Synonym → AlloraSpring.

No.1 Bearded.—bearded ears, plantwith slight amount of flag and strawof weak strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by George Inglis, SA.

Noe.—Noe Group; threshes easily(Cobb 1896, 1897); grown as exper-imental crop at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb 1895).

Noe

Nonpare i l .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), bald, white oryellowish; fine, smooth, regular,compact, tapering, square erect ears,large, plump, white or yellowishgrain of medium hardness; plantsmedium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broad leaves, light amount offlag and straw of varied strength; theheads have little tendency to shell;difficult to thresh; the cut surface ofthe grain was horny-mealy; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had aflinty milling quality; medium wheat('biting test’); deemed easy to mill inNSW (Coleman 1902, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1897,Guthrie & Gurney 1897,McAlpine 1894, Shelton 1894).—History : exhibited at the annualshow of the Agricultural and Horti-cultural Society of South Australia inFebruary 1856 (Anonyous 1856);reported as sown in South Australia


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in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); recom-mended as rust resistant by the 1892Adelaide Rust in Wheat conferencefor growing on a large scale (Anon1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);tested in 1893 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897);recommended as rust resistant forcooler districts by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);late variety (Sutton 1904); grown atWagga Experimental Farm 1901(McKeown 1901) ; 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); comparative wheat experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1900-1903 (McKeown 1905b);Bluestone Experiments 1905 (Farrer& Sutton 1905); wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905); grown at Hawkes-bury 1903 (Sutton 1904); wheattested at Saddleworth, SA (Coleman1902).—Distribution: distributed byH. Smith, NSW; sold as seed wheatby the Wagga Experimental Farm in1897 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger);—Syn-onyms: Smith’s Non-pareil.

Nonpareil Nº 1.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with biscuit-colouredgrain plants short (2’6" to 3’);plants with broad leaves and mediumstrength straw; the cut surface of thegrain was horny-mealy (McAlpine

1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); dis-tributed by H. Smith, NSW.

Nonpareil Nº 2.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with biscuit-colouredgrain; plants medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broad leaves andmedium strength straw the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy-horny(McAlpine 1894).—History : in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by H. Smith,NSW.

North Carolina.—Noe Group;threshes rather easily benefits frombeing sown early (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Peacock 1900).—History:Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900); testedfor rust resistance at Port Fairie(Vic.) in 1891.

North Carolina Rust Prof.—Syn-onym for North Carolina.

Northern Champion.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), PurpleStraw Group; ears bald,; rosy, yellowand smooth, grain white or yellow-ish to biscuit-coloured grain; plantsshort (2’6" to 3’) plants with broadleaves and medium strength straw;threshes rather hard; the cut surfaceof the grain was horny-mealy; softwheat ('biting test’) (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894) .—History: Wheat of un-known origin (possibly a farmer’sselection of Newmans NorthernChampion), used by Hugh Pye inbreeding experiments; one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grown

Varieties

97

as experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Nutcut.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: ((Blount’s Lambrigg

x Indian G) x Lambrigg AustralianTalavera).; grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904); recommendedas suitable for hay and grain (Sutton1904); grown at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1901 (McKeown 1901);wheat grown at Glen Innis Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Gennys 1905);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1905 (Cowra Seed Register).

98

� O �Oakshott’s Champion . — F i n ewheats type (Triticum sativum) ,Tuscan Group; ear bald, uniform,white or yellowish, smooth, grainwhite or yellowish; chaff rosy; strawyellow or brownish; plant with muchamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; ripens midseason;threshes rather hard; medium wheat('biting test’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1904, Shelton1894).

Oakshott’s Champion

History: grown in Victoria well be-fore it was nown in NSSW (CObb1893); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Roma (Shelton 1894); grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb

1896b); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Odessa .—Red Provence Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1890 (CowraSeed Register).

Odessa Sans barbes.—Synonym forBald Odessa

Old French Velvet.—White VelvetGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Old Red Straw.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956); bald ears, plantwith medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by George Inglis,SA.

Ontario Wonder.—Fife Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Onyx.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with biscuit-coloured grain;very short (≤2’6") plants with broadleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy (McAlpine 1894).—History:tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); in

Varieties

99

1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); hybrid made in 1890 by andimported from Prof. Blount, Col-orado.

Oregon Club

O p a l .—Golden Drop Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); hybrid made in 1890

by and imported from Prof. Blount,Colorado.

Orange Red Wheat.—English wheatvariety, recommended for growingin South Australia (Kiddle 1861), tobe sourced from Hemel Hampstead,Hertsfordshire.

Oregon Big White Club.—GoldenDrop Group (Cobb 1897).

Oregon Club.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); bald, yellow andsmooth, straight erect ears, withmedium-sized straw coloured grain;plants short (2’6" to 3’) plants withbroadish leaves and medium strengthstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy (Cobb 1893; McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); describedin Cobb (1901c).grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1892 (CowraSeed Register).—Synonyms: Chili

Oregon Valley.—Californian wheatvariety; tested at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Oudiu—Synonym for DeOude

Outpost.—Large, translucent grainof medium hardness; rather easy tomill; ripens early (Coleman 1902,Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:Farrer Cross of (Steinwedel xAmethyst) x Steinlee (Farrer 1902);tested at Myrniong, Swan Hill andWaitchie (all Mallee, Vic.) in1 8 9 9 / 1 9 0 0 ( M c A l p i n e1900a).wheat tested at Saddleworth,SA (Coleman 1902).

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� P �Paros.—Durum and Poulard Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Pasteur.— used by Farrer in hiscrossing experiments.

Patterson's Burned—tested for rustresistance in NSW in 1891.

Patterson’s Prepared Wheat. —grown in NSW in 1889 (Cobb1890).

Patterson’s Tamworth Wheat. —grown in NSW in 1889 (Cobb1890).

Pearl.—Synonym → Velvet Pearl;→ Carter’s Pearl.

Pelissier—Algerian wheat varietybrought back by Cobb from hisWorld Tour 1898-1900.

Penguin Island.—Lazistan Group(Cobb 1897); Defiance Group (Cobb1897).

Penguin Island.—Synonym →Gluya’s Early.

Penny .—Selection from EnglishSquarehead, made by Mr. Penny,Greenhills, Western Australia, in1890.

Penny.—Synonym → Lott’s.

Pentad—Indian wheat variety im-ported in NSW for testing in1896/96.

Percey—milling tests 1904.

Perry’s Squarehead.—Synonym →Dart’s Imperial.

Petanielle Blanche.—Synonym →Centennial.

Phillis Marvel.—Synonym for Mar-shall’s Nº 4.

Pictet.—Noe Group; threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—HIstory: grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister); tested for rust resistanceat Hawkesbury Agricultural Collegein 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Pioneer.—Possibly a selection ofSmart’s Early, grown in South Aus-tralia.

Pioneer Purple.—grown at Hawkes-bury 1903 (Sutton 1904); SouthAustralia.

Pitski Ekdan.—large, plump, whitegrain of great hardness; easy to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:grown by Wiliam Farrer in 1896 andtested for flour quality by Guthrie &Gurney (1897).

Planet.—Medium-sized, dull grain ofmedium hardness; fair to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:Farrer Cross of Steinwedel x(Amethyst x Hornblende).

Platinum.—tested for rust resistancein 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).—HIstory:grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); hybrid made in 1890by and imported from Prof. Blount,Colorado.

Plover.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: (Trigger x PurpleStraw) (Farrer 1902); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1903-1904 (McKeown1905b); grown at Wagga Experi-

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mental Farm 1903 (McKeown1904); Bluestone Experiments 1905(Farrer & Sutton 1905); wheatgrown at Glen Innis ExperimentalFarm 1904 (Gennys 1905); wheatsat Bathurst Experimental Farm1903-4 (Peacock 1904); wheatsgrown at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1904 (Peacock 1904); wheattested at Saddleworth, SA (Coleman1902); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1905 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Poland

Poland.—Polish wheat type (Triti-cum polonicum); Poland Group;ears bearded, yellow and smoothwith gigantic chaff, with biscuit-coloured grain; plants very tall (≥4’) plants with moderately narrowleaves, medium amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave little tendency to shell;threshes rather hard; the cut surfaceof the grain was horny; hard wheat('biting test’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a coarse flintymilling quality (Cobb 1896, 1896b,1897, 1904, McAlpine 1894, Shel-ton 1894).—History: one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Exper-

imental Farm in 1892/93; 1893/94(Cobb 1895); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Allora(Shelton 1894); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); wheat har-vested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; grown at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1901/02 (McKeown 1902);1903 (McKeown 1904); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);wheat crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1897-98 (Farrer 1899); com-parative wheat experiments WaggaExperimental Farm 1901-1903(McKeown 1905b); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).—

Distribution: distributed by Vilmorin(Paris); sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1897and 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms: Mammoth Rye; Polish.

Polish.—Synonym → Poland.

Pollock.—Synonym → Ratling Jack.

P o o l .—Red Provence Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Pootung—bald Chinese wheat im-ported by Farrer in 1896.

Porce la in .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Fife Group; earsbald, yellow and smooth, with strawgrain; short (2’6" to 3’) plants withbroadish leaves and medium strengthstraw; threshes rather easily; the cutsurface of the grain was horny (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register); hybrid made


102

in 1890 by and imported from Prof.Blount, Colorado.

Poland

Port McDonald.—Essex Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897); grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Port McDonnell.—Synonym forPort McDonald.

Port Said Nº 2.—reported as grownin Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Port Victor Rust Resistant—testedfor rust resistance at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1894(Thompson 1895).

Power’s Fife.—wheats at BathurstExper imenta l Farm 1903-4(Peacock 1904); wheats grown atBathurst Experimental Farm 1904(Peacock 1904); wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905); seed wheat for sale(Anon. 1905); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1903 (Cowra Seed Register).

Prapo.—Californian wheat variety;tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894).

Pratt’s Pearl.—wheat derived fromWard’s Prolific.

Precaud.—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Preston—milling tests 1904.

Pride of Barossa.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); SteinwedelGroup; ears bald, yellow and smooth,with dark biscuit-coloured grain;medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broadish leaves and mediumstrength straw; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); dis-tributed by Robin, SA.

Pride of Butte.—Bearded VelvetGroup; threshes hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: Californianwheat variety; tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Pride of the Market.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); earsbearded, brown and smooth, with

Varieties

103

yellow and brownn grain; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants withbroadish leaves and strong straw; thecut surface of the grain was mealy-horny (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894); distributedby Carter (UK).

Prince Albert.—Red ProvenceGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

Prince Edward Island.—Noe Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Prince of Wales.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with dark biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broad leaves andmedium to strong straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894);distributedby Carter (UK).

Pringle’s Defiance

Pringle’s Defiance.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), DefianceGroup; ear bald, not clubbed, uni-form, white or yellowish, smooth,grain small and flat, red or amber;plants medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broad and long leavesand weak, yellow or brownish straw;ripens late; threshes rather hard; thecut surface of the grain was horny-mealy; medium wheat ('biting test')(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb1897, Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894).

Pringles Defiance

History: one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); grown as ex-


104

perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); tested in 1893, 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); recommendedas rust resistant for cooler districtsby the (final) Rust in Wheat Con-ference, Melbourne 1896 (Anon.1896).—Distribution: distributed byMarshall, SA.

Pringle’s No 5.—Defiance Group;bald ears, plant with medium amountof flag and straw of strong strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; threshes rather easily; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had aflinty milling quality (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, Shelton 1894).—His-tory: one of the original 64 recom-mended for assessment by the wheatnomenclature committee (Cobb in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Roma (Shelton1894); 1893).

Pringle’s No 6.—Golden DropGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1890 (CowraSeed Register).

Pringle’s Rust Resistant.—Synonymfor Allora Spring

Pringle’s Vermont. — L a m m a sGroup; threshes very easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).—History: testedfor rust resistance in 1891 at Lam-brigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895).

Procellaine.—Synonym(mispelling)→ Porcelain.

Prope.—Lammas Group; thresheshard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Prosperity.—Synonyms: AmericanNº 8.

Prussian—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister); tested for rust resistanceat Hawkesbury Agricultural Collegein 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Pugh’s Allora.—Synonym → Pugh’sRust Resistant.

Pugh’s Prolific.—Synonym →Pugh’s Rust Resistant.

Pugh’s Rust Proof.—Synonym →Pugh’s Rust Resistant.

Pugh’s Rust Resistant.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum durim); Durum andPoulard Group (Cobb 1897); earsbald, yellow and smooth, with strawyellow grain; plants medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadishleaves and medium strength strawthe cut surface of the grain washorny-mealy (McAlpine 1894).—History: in Australia mainly knownas Allora Spring (but A.S. may be aselection of PRR); introduced toQueensland in 1885 (Shelton 1892);tested for rust resistance at PortFairie (Vic.) in 1891; recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893); described and illus-trated by Shelton (1893) as grown inQueensland in 1892/3; apparentlyrust resisting and recommended forfurther trails by the 1892 AdelaideRust in Wheat conference forgrowing on a small scale (Anon1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894).—Syn-onyms: Wright’s Rust Proof; Pugh’sAllora; Pugh’s Prolific; Pugh’s RustProof.

Purple Chaff.— Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bearded,

Varieties

105

yellow and smooth, with Yellowishbrown grain; plants medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with moderatelynarrow leaves and medium strengthstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy (McAlpine 1894).—tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in1891 (Cowra Seed Register).—Syn-onyms: Bearded Herrison Indian B

Purple Straw.—; Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain plants medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadleaves, much amount of flag andmedium (Vic) to strong (Qld)strength straw; the heads have littleto medium tendency to shell; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—History :Wheat of unknown origins, grown inSouth Australia in 1860; grown1863 at Lake Plains, South Australia(Maughan 1867); awarded the wheatprize at the 1867 Royal Agriculturaland Horticultural Society of SouthAustralia show (Anon. 1867); re-ported as sown in South Australia in1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); prize win-ning wheat grown by H.J.Angas ofCollinggrove, SA, in 1879; 1880;1881; 1882; 1883 and 1884 (Angas1886); reported as grown in 1889 inQueensland (Anon 1890:17); andNSW (Cobb 1890); tested for rustresistance at Childers, Gippland, andPort Fairie (Vic.) in 1891; tested forrust resistance in NSW in 1891;tested for rust resistance in Queens-land in 1891; wheat variety grownby 4.2 % of 213 Queensland farmersquestioned in 1892 (Shelton 1894);

Purple Straw

in 1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); described and illus-trated by Shelton (1893) as grown inQueensland in 1892/3; in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grownat Cowra Experimental Farm in


106

1893 (Cowra Seed Register); testedat Swan Hill (Mallee, Vic.) in1899/1900 (McAlpine 1900a);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1901/02 (McKeown 1902); NSWflour reported to have an excellentcolour, found to have 9% gluten andlow (48%) water absorbing strength(Guthrie 1900); grown on a com-mercial scale in NSW in 1899(Guthrie 1900); grown at Hawkes-bury 1903 (Sutton 1904); used in1899 smut experiments (Grenfell

1900).—Distribution: in 1894 seedsfor this variety were sold by M.Berthoud, (Corowa, NSW); sold asseed wheat by the Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1896, 1897 and1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Purple Straw Tuscan.—Possibly aselection for Purple Straw TuscanGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

107

� Q �Quartz.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum); Early Baart Group; earsbald, yellow and smooth, withpinched, white grain of low hard-ness; medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with moderately narrowleaves, slight amount of flag andmedium strength straw; the headshave little tendency to shell;threshes hard; the cut surface of thegrain was horny-mealy; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality, deemed easy to millin NSW (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Guthrie & Gurney 1897, McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—History: Se-lection of Purple Straw made byWilliam Farrer in the 1890s; testedfor rust resistance in 1891 at Lam-brigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); apparentlyrust escaping and recommended forfurther trails by the 1892 AdelaideRust in Wheat conference forgrowing on a small scale (Anon1892); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); recom-mended seed wheat in NSW (ouncepacket) (Cobb 1893); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894)and in 1893 (Thompson 1894);grown by Wiliam Farrer in 1896 and

tested for flour quality by Guthrie &Gurney (1897).

Quartzlee.—Distribution: sold asseed wheat by the Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).

Q u e e n .—Synonym → Car ter ’sQueen.

Queen Jub i l ee .—tested in1899/1900 at Myrniong, Nhill ,Swan Hill and Waitchie (all Mallee,Vic.) and at Port Fairy (McAlpine1900a).

Queensland Defiance.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with pale bis-cuit-coloured grain; medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadishleaves, slight amount of flag andmedium (Vic) to strong (Qld)strength straw; the heads have littletendency to shell; the cut surface ofthe grain was mealy; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a flintymilling quality (McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: recom-mended as rust resistant by the 1892Adelaide Rust in Wheat conferencefor growing on a large scale (Anon1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);recommended seed wheat in NSW(ounce packet) (Cobb 1893); dis-


108

tributed by G.Berthoud (Corowa,NSW).

Queensland Ward’s Prolific. —Synonym → Allora Spring.

109

� R �Rajah .—fair sized, plump, whitegrain of medium hardness; fair tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History: Farrer Cross of Hornblendex Indian B.

Rattling Jack.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Purple StrawGroup.—ears bald, uniform, white toyellowish, occasionaly rosy; grainwhite or yellowish; straw purple;ripens mid season; benefits from be-ing sown early; low weight perbushel; medium wheat ('biting test’)(Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897; Cobb1898b, Cobb 1904, Peacock 1900).

Rattling Jack

History: reported as sown in SouthAustralia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956);grown in South Australia in the late1860s (under the name of‘clubhead’; Schomburgk 1873);tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); Se-lection from Purple Straw; one ofthe original 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-

mental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); tested in 1893 and 1895 inthe 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b); grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); grading of wheats experi-ment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);Sample sheaf sent to NSW Dep. ofAg. Museum in January 1897; wheattested at Saddleworth, SA (Coleman1902); grown at Collabah Experi-mental Farm in 1899, cut for hay(Peacock 1900); Bathurst growthand ripening experiments 1900(Peacock 1900).—Distribution: soldas seed wheat by the Wagga Exper-imental Farm in 1896, 1897 and1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Syn-onyms : Clubhead; Dubois; Gold-smith; Pollock.

Rattling Jack


110

Rattling Tom.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Purple StrawGroup.—ear bald, ears bald, uniform,white to yellowish and smooth oc-casionally rosy, grain large, white oryellowish; plants medium height-plants with broad and long leavesand medium strength purple straw;ripens mid season; head does notshell easily; threshes hard; the cutsurface of the grain was mealymedium wheat ('biting test’) (Cobb1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894).

Rattling Tom

History: Selection from PurpleStraw; reported as sown in SouthAustralia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956);grown in NSW in 1889 (Cobb1890); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); regarded as prolific butmoderately rust resistant by the1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheat con-ference for growing on a large scale(Anon 1892); grown as experimen-tal crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register);tested for rust resistance at Childers,Gippland, and Port Fairie (Vic.) in1891; Rattling Tom—tested for rustresistance at Hawkesbury Agricul-

tural College in 1893 (Thompson1894); and 1894 (Thompson 1895);tested in 1893, 1894 and 1895 inthe 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b); grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893);tested at Nhill andSwan Hill (Mallee, Vic.) in1899/1900 (McAlpine 1900a);..—Distribution: sold as seed wheat bythe Wagga Exp. Farm in 1897(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:Rattling Tom Dookie.

Rattling Tom

Rattling Tom Dookie.—Synonym →Rattling Tom.

Rawstock Red Wheat.—Englishwheat variety, recommended for

Varieties

111

growing in South Australia (Kiddle1861).

Red Altkirche.—Square Head Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Red Baard.—Synonym for RedBaart.

Red Baart.—bearded (Sutton1904).—seed obtained from SouthAfrica (Sutton 1904); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).

Red Bordeaux.—Red ProvenceGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Red Californian.—; Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with straw grain;plants medium height (3’ to 3’6")plants with broadish leaves, slightamount of flag and medium (Vic) tostorng (Qld) strength straw; theheads have little tendency to shell;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy; the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a strong millingquality (McAlpine 1894, Shelton1894).—History: recommended seedwheat in NSW (ounce packet) (Cobb1893); recommended as rust resis-tant by the 1892 Adelaide Rust inWheat conference for growing on alarge scale (Anon 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); tested for rust resis-tance at Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891;tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894).

Red Cedar—grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Red Chaff Square Head.—SquareHead Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Red Clawson.—Ward’s ProlificGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Red Dorramen—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Red Egyptian—tested for rust resis-tance at Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891.

Red Indian.—wheat variety grownby 0.5 % of 213 Queensland farmersquestioned in 1892 (Shelton 1894).

Red King.—grown in New Zealandin the 1910s (Hilgendorf 1920);

Red Lammas.—English/Scottishwheat variety, one of the firstwheats introduced to Australia;awarded the wheat prize of the Clare(S.A.) agricultural show in 1859 and1861 (Anon. 1859; 1861); reportedas sown in South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956); .—Distribution:sold as seed wheat by the WaggaExperimental Farm in 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger).

Red Lammas (Old).—English wheatvariety, recommended for growingin South Australia (Kiddle 1861);

Red Lorrain.—Fife Group; Ward’sProlific Group (Cobb 1897).

Red March Beardless.—reported asgrown in Queensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Red Nott.—Noe Group; threshesvery easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1905 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).


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Red Potocka.—Polish? wheat vari-ety, introduced by W. Farrer forbreeding purposes.

Red Provence

Red Provence.—Red ProvenceGroup; bald ears, plant with slightamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; threshes rather eas-ily; the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a good milling quality(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, Shelton1894).—History: introduced fromthe south of Fance (Cobb 1893);grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora and Roma (Shelton1894); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee

(Cobb 1893); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894).

Red Province.—Synonym → RedProvence.

Red Russian.—Red Provence Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: American wheatvariety; tested at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Red Spring.—grown at Hawkesbury1903 (Sutton 1904); seed obtainedfrom South Africa (Sutton 1904);bearded (Sutton 1904).

Red St. Laud—grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).

Red Straw

Red Straw.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Purple StrawGroup; ear bald, uniform, white toyellowish, occasionally rosy, grainwhite or yellowish; straw purple;ripens mid season; benefits from be-ing sown early; low weight perbushel; threshes rather hard mediumwheat ('biting test’) (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,, Cobb1904, Peacock 1900).—History: re-ported as sown in South Australia in1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); one of the

Varieties

113

original 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); grown asexperimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895); rown atWagga Experimental Farm 1901(McKeown 1901) ; 1901/02(McKeown 1902); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); tested in 1893, 1894and 1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); planted for seedWagga Experimental Farm 1898;wheat harvested in 1897/8 onWagga Exp. Farm; used in 1899smut experiments (Grenfell 1900);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900).grownin New Zealand in 1899 (Guthrie1900); New Zealand flour reportedto have an very good colour, foundto have 8% gluten and low (47%)water absorbing strength (Guthrie1900).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger);

Red Straw (Old).—English wheatvariety, recommended for growingin South Australia (Kiddle 1861).

Red Tuscan.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), ear bald, rosy,grain ruddy; Tuscan Group; threshesrather hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown in SouthAustralia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873); tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); grown as exper-imental crop at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb 1895);one of the original 64 recommendedfor assessment by the wheatnomenclature committee (Cobb

1893); New Zealand flour reportedto have an very good (whitish)colour, found to have 8.5% glutenand low (46.5%) water absorbingstrength (Guthrie 1900); grown inNew Zealand in 1899 (Guthrie1900); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); grown in New Zealand in the1910s (Hilgendorf 1920).

Red Velvet.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Red Wheat.—grown in NSW in1889 (Cobb 1890).

Reliable.—Lazistan Group; threshesrather hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: American wheatvariety; tested at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Rerraf.— sport selected from Bloun-t’s Lambrigg.

Revas.—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1896 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Richelle Blanche de Napoles. —Synonym → White Naples.

Rieti

Rieti.—Fine wheats type (Triticumturgidum), Rieti or Ladoga Group;ears bearded, slender, red or brown;threshes easily medium wheat('biting test’) (Cobb 1896, Cobb


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1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1904).—g.—History: rown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb1895); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); tested in 1893, 1894 and 1895in the 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c).—Distribution: men-tioned in 1890 as sold by G.Berthoud (Corowa, NSW) since1887.

Rimpan .—Square Head Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

R i m p a u .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with dark yellowishbrown grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") ( plants with broad leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Rio Grande.—Lazistan Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1894 (Thompson1895).

River Plate Wheat—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1902-1903(Cowra Seed Register); importedfrom Argentinia

Riverina .—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Rivett or Cone.—Synonym → Cone.

Roberts—Synonym for Sherman.

Robin’s Rust Resistant

Robin’s Rust Resistant.—Ward’sProlific Group (Cobb 1897); Finewheats type (Triticum sativum), earbald, red or brown, smooth, grain redor amber and elongated; plantsmedium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broadish leaves and weak tomedium strength straw; ripens midseason; threshes rather hard; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy;medium wheat ('biting test’) (Cobb1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1904,McAlpine 1894).—History: Fieldselection from Ward’s Prolific,made by A.B. Robin, famer, SA,1890; one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); tested in 1893, 1894and 1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); recommended as rust resis-tant by the (final) Rust in WheatConference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c); grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb1895); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); distributed byRobin, SA.

Varieties

115

Robin’s Rust Resistant

Rochelle Claude Native—Synonymfor French early White

Rocket.—Medium-sized, translucentgrain of some hardness; fair to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:Farrer Cross of Steinwedel x(Amethyst x Hornblende).

Roma .—fair sized, white grain oflow hardness; easy to mill (Guthrie& Gurney 1897).—History: FarrerCross of King’s Jubilee x Indian G.

Roseworthy—tested for rust resis-tance at Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891.

Rough Chaff Wheat.—grown inSouth Australia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873).

Rousselin.—Synonym for Rousillion

Roussillion—Ward’s Prolific Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).—Distribution: Ob-tained from H. L. de Vilmorin(Paris).—Synonyms: Rousselin

Ruby.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsativum); Fife Group; ears bald, yel-low and smooth, with yellowishbrown grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broad leaves andmedium strength straw; threshes eas-ily; the cut surface of the grain wasmealy (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1890 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Rudkin wheat—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1894 (Thompson 1895);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1890 (Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms: Judkin

R u d y .—Winter Nigger Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Rumpden—grown at Cowra Exper-imental Farm in 1893 (Cowra SeedRegister); Seed obtained from Vil-morin (Paris).

Rural New Yorker Nº 1. — F i n ewheats type (Triticum sativum); earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withdark biscuit-coloured grain; plantsshort (2’6" to 3’) plants with broadleaves and strong straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine


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1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Rural New Yorker Nº 4. — F i n ewheats type (Triticum sativum); earshalf bald and half bearded, with bis-cuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to3’) plants with broadish leaves andvery weak straw; the cut surface ofthe grain was mealy-horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by G.Berthoud(Corowa, NSW).

Rural New Yorker Nº 52.—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum); earsbald, with straw grain; mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with broadleaves and medium strength straw;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy-horny (McAlpine 1894).—History: in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); distributed byG.Berthoud (Corowa, NSW).

Rural New Yorker Cross-bredWheat Nº 50.—tested for rust resis-tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).




Rural New Yorker Rye Wheat Hy-brid .—Rieti or Ladoga Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown as experi-

mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1892/93 (Cobb 1895).

Rural New Yorker Rye Wheat Hy-brid Nº 2.—tested for rust resistancein 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).

Rural New Yorker Rye Wheat Hy-brid Nº 3.—tested for rust resistancein 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).

R u s s i a n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Fife Group; De-fiance Group (ears bald, with darkbiscuit-coloured grain; plants withbroadish leaves and medium strengthstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine1894).—History: in 1892/93 testedin Victoria for rust resistance atBurnley (McAlpine 1894); testedfor rust resistance in 1891 at Lam-brigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Shelton’s.

Russian (Shelton’s).—Lazis tanGroup (Cobb 1897); bearded ears,plant with light amount of flag andstraw of medium strength; the headshave medium tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Shelton1894).—in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora(Shelton 1894)

Rye Wheat (for grain).—Rye WheatGroup (Cobb 1897).

Rye Wheat.—Rye Wheat Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Rye Wheat.—Velvet Pearl Group(Cobb 1897).—History: tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894);—Distribution: sold as seed

Varieties

117

wheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

Rymer.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: (Improved Fife xPurple Straw).

118

� S �Sadoza—Synonym for Ladoga

Sailor’s Fortune.—Synonym →Budd’s Early.

Sailor’s Wonder.—Synonym →Budd’s Early.

Salvator.—Fife Group; Durum andPoulard Group; threshes rather eas-ily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—His-tory: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); tested at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1892 (Thompson1892); 1893 (Thompson 1894).

Santa Fetich.—reported as grown inQueensland in 1889 (Anon1890:17).

Sapphire .—Fife Group; benefitsfrom being sown early; threshesvery easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Peacock 1900).—History: tested forrust resistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1890 (CowraSeed Register); Bathurst growth andr ipening exper iments 1900(Peacock 1900).

Saratow.—Lazistan Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896. Cobb 1897).—History: grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); milling tests1904; grown at Cowra ExperimentalFarm in 1890 (Cowra Seed Register);Bluestone Experiments 1905 (Farrer& Sutton 1905).

Sardius .—Noe Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW

(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); hybrid made in 1890by and imported from Prof. Blount,Colorado

S a r d o n y x .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Fife Group; earsbald, yellow and smooth, with darkbiscuit-coloured grain; plants veryshort (≤2’6") plants with moder-ately narrow leaves and mediumstrength straw; threshes very easily;the cut surface of the grain wasmealy-horny (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1890 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Saskatchewan Fife.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), Fife Group;ear bald, not clubbed, white or yel-lowish, smooth, small and flat grainor amber red medium-sized leaves;straw yellow or brownish; ripenslate; threshes easily; medium wheat('biting test’) (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1901a,Cobb 1904).—History: introducedform the USa, possibly Pennsylva-nia (Cobb 1893); tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); tested in

Varieties

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1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Sasketchwan Fife

Saumur de Mars.—Noe Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown inNSW in 1889 (Cobb 1890); testedfor rust resistance in 1891 at Lam-brigg, NSW (Cobb 1892).—Distri-bution: mentioned in 1890 as soldby G. Berthoud (Corowa, NSW).

Sarui Bugda —Russian Durumwheat variety imported in NSW fortesting in 1896/96.

Saxon Fife.—tested for rust resis-tance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register); tested atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1892 (Thompson 1892); 1893(Thompson 1894).

Saxon Fife x Blount’s Lambrigg.—Fine wheats type (T r i t i c u msat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with dark biscuit-colouredgrain; medium height (3’ to 3’6");plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rust

resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); a variety produced by AEBlount (Colorado, USA) and intro-duced to Australia by William Far-rer.

Scaddan’s Glory.—Synonym → Ba-roota Wonder.

Schilf.—White Club Group; threshesrather hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); imported fromSwe-den.

Schneider .—Farrer cross of thefollowing parentage: (Trigger xPurple Straw) (Farrer 1902).—His-tory: comparative wheat experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1902-1904 (McKeown 1905b);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1903 (McKeown 1904); manuringexperiments Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1904 (McKeown 1905a);wheats grown at Bathurst Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Peacock 1904);wheats at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);wheat grown at Glen Innis Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Gennys 1905);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902).

Scholey’s Square Head.—SquareHead Group; threshes rather easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Schultz Purple Straw.—Selectionfrom Purple Straw.

Scotch Fife.—Fife Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History: grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter).

Scotch Red.—Fife Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Scotch Wonder.—Albury PastoralSociety test 1891; tested for rust re-


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sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); used in 1899 smut ex-periments (Grenfell 1900).

Sea Foam.—bearded ears, plantwith much amount of flag and strawof weak strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894).

Seven-headed wheat.—Synonym →Miracle.

Shelton’s.—Synonym → Russian.

Sherman.—Bearded Herisson Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).

Sherman Nº 3.—tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register).—Synonyms: Roberts

Shireff’s Squarehead.—Synonym →Lott’s.

Sicilian Baart.—(Triticum durum);Durum and Poulard Group; earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withdark biscuit-coloured grain; plantstall (3’6" to 4’) plants with narrowleaves, medium amount of flag andstrong straw; the heads have muchto shell; threshes rather hard; thecut surface of the grain was horny;the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a good milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: recom-mended seed wheat in NSW (ouncepacket) (Cobb 1893); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in

1893 (Thompson 1894); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Springsure, Clermont, Hugh-enden, Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); distributed byG.Berthoud (Corowa, NSW); testedfor rust resistance in 1891 at Lam-brigg, NSW (Cobb 1892).

Sicilian Square Headed.—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum), Blea epi carre Square Head Group; earbald, red or brown, smooth, grain redor amber; very tall (≥ 4’) plantswith broadish leaves, mediumamount of flag and straw of weakstrength; threshes hard; the headshave little tendency to shell; the cutsurface of the grain was horny;medium wheat ('biting test’); thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had afair milling quality (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894, Shelton1894).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); apparently rust resist-ing and recommended for furthertrails by the 1892 Adelaide Rust inWheat conference for growing on asmall scale (Anon 1892); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); tested at WaggaExperimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);Sample sheaf sent to NSW Dep. ofAg. Museum in January 1897.—S y n o n y m s : Ble a epi carre; BléCarré; Blé Carré. de Sicile (rouge);Square-headed Silician.

Varieties

121

Sicilian Square Headed Red

Sicilian Square Headed Red. —Square Head Group (Cobb 1897);Durum and Poulard Group (Cobb1897).—History: one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb1895); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);and in 1894 (Thompson 1895);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms: Carre des Sicile Rouge;Sicily Rouge

Sicily Rouge —Synonym for SicilianSquare-headed Red.

Silica.—Fine wheats type (Triticumsat ivum ); ears bald, yellow andsmooth, with biscuit-coloured grain;medium height (3’ to 3’6"); plantswith broadish leaves and weak straw;the cut surface of the grain washorny-mealy (McAlpine 1894).—History: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoria

for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); a variety produced byAE Blount (Colorado, USA) and in-troduced to Australia by WilliamFarrer.

Sicilian Square Headed Red

Sindhi—Indian wheat variety im-ported in NSW for testing in1896/96.

Sinew.—Farrer cross used as a par-ent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.; straw fairlyfine (Sutton 1904); recommended assuitable for hay and grain (Sutton1904); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).

Smalls O.K.—Defiance wheat type;claimed to be synymous with Mur-ray River

Small’s Rust Proof.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broadish leavesand medium strength straw; the cut


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surface of the grain was mealy-horny (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by Small SA.

Small’s OK.—Fife Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897); distributed by Small SA.

Smart’s Early.—A farmer’s selec-tion made by Mr.Smart, Calowie, SAin 1895.

Smith’s Nonpareil.—Synonym →Nonpareil.

Smith’s Prolific.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

Smith’s Red (Rust resisting).—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum); earsbald, yellow and smooth, with grain;plants with broadish leaves and weakstraw (McAlpine 1894).—History:in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); distributed by H. Smith,NSW.

Smooth Herrison.—Wheat varietysimilar to Hedgerow.

Smooth Herrison

Smooth Red Spring.—Fife Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb

1897); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893).

Smith’s White.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with grain; plants withbroad leaves (McAlpine 1894).—History: in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); distributed by H.Smith, NSW.

Smooth White Poulard.—Synonym→ Algerian wheat Fine wheats type(Triticum turgidum), ear red orbrown.

S n o w b a l l .—Lammas Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

Soft Algerian.—Essex Group;threshes easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); French wheat testedin NSW by William Farrer in theearly 1890s.—Distribution: obtainedfrom H.L. de Vilmorin (Paris).—Synonyms: Tendre Algerien Seed ob-tained from Vilmorin (Paris).

Soft Australian.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with straw grain; plantstall (3’6" to 4’) plants with broadleaves and weak straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Soft Portugese.—Lazistan Group;threshes very hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Tendre de Portugal Seed obtainedfrom Vilmorin (Paris).

Varieties

123

Soft Red Naples.—bearded.—His-tory: tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).

Solid Straw Poulard.—grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93 (Cobb1895).

Solid Straw Tuscan.—Wheat intro-duced from Portugal in 1880 to NewZealand (Bushuk 1995); not suitedfor Australia, but was occasionallygrown; grown in New Zealand in the1910s (Hilgendorf 1920);

S o m a k —Synonym for BaldSiberian.

Sonora

Sonora.—Californian wheat variety;tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894); In mostof Australia: Synonym → AlloraSpring; US term.

Sorrel.—Fife Group; threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

South Australian Wonder.—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum); Avery late wheat variety ears bald,brown and smooth, with biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with moderately narrowleaves and medium strength strawthe cut surface of the grain wasmealy-horny (McAlpine 1894).—History: in 1892/93 tested in Victo-ria for rust resistance at Burnley

(McAlpine 1894); grown byA.B.Robin (Nuritoopa, SA) in 1892;distributed by Marshall, SA.

Sonora

South Dakota—Synonym forHaynes Blue Stem

Spalding’s Red Wheat.—grown inSouth Australia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873).

Spaulding’s Prol i f ic . — R e dProvence Group; threshes ratherhard (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Spel t .—Triticum monococcum,Spelt, Einkorn. Ancient wheat,deemed the origin of all wheats.Used in educational displays andgrown in very small quantities foreducational purposes.

Square-headed Silician.—Synonym→ Silician Square-headed.

S t a n d u p .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with dark biscuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to 3’)


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plants with narrow and up leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was horny-mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Distribu-tion: Carter (UK).

Stanley—milling tests 1904.

Statesman.—Farrer cross used as aparent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

Steer’s Early Purple Straw.—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum) ,Purple Straw Group; ear bald, uni-form, white to yellowish, occasion-ally rosy, grain white or yellowish;plant with medium amount of flagand straw of strong strength; ripensmid season; benefits from beingsown early; because the variety isearlier maturing it was more droughtresistant than others; the heads havemedium tendency to shell; strawpurple; threshes hard; medium wheat('biting test’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1904, Peacock1900, Shelton 1894). History:grownas experimental crop at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1892/93;1893/94 (Cobb 1895); and 1894(Coleman 1894); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);one of the original 64 recommendedfor assessment by the wheat nomen-clature committee (Cobb 1893);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); wheat harvested in

1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm; testedin 1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bit-ing test' (Cobb 1896b); grown atCollabah Experimental Farm in1899 (Peacock 1900); Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900); planted forseed Wagga Experimental Farm1898.—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger).

Steer’s Early Purple Red Straw

Steer’s Purple Straw.—Old PurpleStraw selection, prominent in the1890s; wheat harvested in 1897/8on Wagga Exp. Farm; wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); Note: often confusedwith Steer’s Early Purple Straw.

Steinlee.—grown at Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1901 (McKeown1901); 1901/02 (McKeown 1902);1903 (McKeown 1904); compara-tive wheat experiments Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1900-1903(McKeown 1905b); tested atMyrniong and Waitchie (Mallee,Vic.) in 1899/ 1900 (McAlpine1900a); grown at Hawkesbury 1903(Sutton 1904).

Steinwedel .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), SteinwedelGroup; ear bald, clubbed, white toyellowish, occasionally rosy, and

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smooth grain white or yellowish;plants short (2’6" to 3’) plants withlarge broadish leaves, slight amountof flag and medium strength straw;straw purple the heads have littletendency to shell; grows fast andripens early, thus liable to latefrosts; because the variety is earliermaturing it was more drought resis-tant than others; threshes easily; thecut surface of the grain was horny-mealy; medium wheat ('biting test’);the grain, as tested in Queensland,had a hard milling quality (Cobb1896, Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897,Cobb 1901a, Cobb 1904, McAlpine1894, Peacock 1900, Shelton 1894,Thompson 1899).

Steinwedel

History: Selection found in a field of(→) Champlain’s Hybrid in the dryyear 1884 by German farmer Stein-wedel at Dalkey (SA); the selectionstood out by several feet(Thompson 1899); the variety be-came popular because of its relativedrought resistance; and because ofearly ripening the variety was rust-escaping; reported as grown in 1889in Queensland (Anon 1890:17); andin NSW (Cobb 1890); tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892); one of the origi-nal 64 recommended for assessmentby the wheat nomenclature commit-tee (Cobb 1893); regarded as rust es-

caping if sown early by the 1892Adelaide Rust in Wheat conferencefor growing on a large scale (Anon1892); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);tested for rust resistance at Childers,Gippland, at Longerong (Vic) andPort Fairie (Vic.) in 1891; tested forrust resistance in Queensland in1891; tested for rust resistance inNSW in 1891; tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);and in 1894 (Thompson 1895);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 and in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister); in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Roma(Shelton 1894); described and illus-trated by Shelton (1893) as grown inQueensland in 1892/3; popularwheat variety grown by 12.7 % of213 Queensland farmers questionedin 1892 (Shelton 1894); recom-mended seed wheat in NSW (5lbbags) (Cobb 1893); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); NSW flour reportedto have an variable, good to yellowcolour, South Australian flour re-ported to have an excellent colour,both were found to have 11% glutenand low (46%) water absorbingstrength (Guthrie 1900); wheat har-vested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); grown atWagga Experimental Farm 1901(McKeown 1901) ; 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); tested at Swan Hill and Wait-chie (Mallee, Vic.) in 1899/1900(McAlpine 1900a); comparative


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wheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1899-1903 (McKeown1905b); sample sheaf sent to NSWDep. of Ag. Museum in January1897; wheat crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); used in 1899 smut experi-ments (Grenfell 1900); grown on acommercial scale in South Australiaand NSW in 1899 (Guthrie 1900);grown at Collabah ExperimentalFarm in 1899 (Peacock 1900);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900);wheats at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);wheats grown at Bathurst Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Peacock 1904);grown at Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton1904).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1896, 1897 and 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger); seed wheatfor sale (Anon. 1905).—Synonyms:Sullivan’s Early Prolific; Sullivan’sProlific.

Steinwedel

Steinwedel x King’s Jubilee EarlyProlific.—fairsized, plump white andsoft grain, easy to mill Farrer crosspre 1899 (Thompson 1899).

Steinwedel’s Early Prolific.—Syn-onym for Steinwedel.

Steinwedel’s Nº 2.—tested for rustresistance in 1891 at Lambrigg,NSW (Cobb 1892).

Steinwedel’s No. 5.—bearded ears,plant with medium amount of flagand straw of strong strength; theheads have medium tendency toshell; the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a good milling quality(Shelton 1894).—History:; in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora (Shelton 1894).—Dis-tribution: in 1894 seeds for this va-riety were sold by M. Berthoud,(Corowa, NSW).

Steinwedel’s Selected.—bald ears,plant with much amount of flag andstraw of strong strength; the headshave much tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).—HIstory: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora (Shelton 1894).—Distribution:in 1894 seeds for this variety weresold by M. Berthoud, (Corowa,NSW).

S t e w a r t .—Rye Wheat Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1892(Cowra Seed Register).

Stockton Defiance.—medium wheat('biting test'; Cobb 1896b).—His-tory: grown as experimental crop atWagga Experimental Farm in1893/94 (Cobb 1895); tested in1893 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); tested for rust resistance in

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1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892).

Sullivan’s Early Prolific.—Synonym→ Steinwedel.

Stockton Defiance

Sullivan’s Prolific.—Synonym →Steinwedel.

Summer Club.—Synonym → Cali-fornia Club.

Sunset.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: ((Blount’s Lambriggx Sunrise).

Surprise.—Synonym → CaliforniaClub.

Sussex.—Farrer cross of the follow-ing parentage: ((Fife Essex x TuscanEssex); Bluestone Experiments1905 (Farrer & Sutton 1905); wheatgrown at Glen Innis ExperimentalFarm 1904 (Gennys 1905); manur-ing experiments Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1904 (McKeown 1905a);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1903 (McKeown 1904); wheatsgrown at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);comparative wheat experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1902-1904 (McKeown 1905b)

Sutton’s Prolific.—Synonym →Dart’s Imperial.

Suttor’s Prolific.—Synonym →Dart’s Imperial.

Swedish Bearded Red Spring—Swedish wheat variety; milling tests1904.

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� T �Talavera Bellevue.—Synonym →Talavera de Bellevue.

Talavera .—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956) sown in Victoria in 1865 andreported as liable to rust.—bald ears,plant with slight amount of flag andstraw of weak strength; the headshave little tendency to shell; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had agood milling quality (Shelton1894).— History:A wheat varietyimported to Australia from Spain(Cobb 1893); awarded the wheatprize of the Clare (S.A.) agriculturalshow in 1859 (Anon. 1859); En-glish wheat variety, recommendedfor growing in South Australia(Kiddle 1861); described and illus-trated by Shelton (1893) as grown inQueensland in 1892/3; recom-mended as rust resistant by the 1892Adelaide Rust in Wheat conferencefor growing on a large scale (Anon1892); popular wheat variety grownby 8.5 % of 213 Queensland farmersquestioned in 1892 (Shelton 1894);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 4 ) ; 1 8 9 4(Thompson 1895); tested for rustresistance in Queensland in 1891; in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby George Inglis, SA.

Talavera Darham Nº 1—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Darham Nº 1

Talavera

Varieties

129

Talavera de Bellevue

Talavera de Bellevue.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), LammasGroup; ear bald, very open, tapering,white or yellowish, smooth, grainwhite or yellowish; bald ears,medium height (3’ to 3’6") plantswith broadish leaves, mediumamount of flag and yellow orbrownish straw of medium strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; ripens midseason; low weightper bushel; threshes rather hard; softwheat ('biting test’); the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediummilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b,Cobb 1904, McAlpine 1894, Shel-ton 1894).—History: Bellevue deTalavera was selected 1815 by LeCouteur on Jersey (Hilgendorf1920); ; one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); recommended seedwheat in NSW (5lb bags) (Cobb1893); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Springsure,Clermont, Hughenden, Herberton,

Allora and Roma (Shelton 1894);tested in 1894 and 1895 in the 'bit-ing test' (Cobb 1896b); deemed aprolific producer and modertely rustresistant by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896); wheat harvested in1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm; grainhardness comparison 1896 (Cobb1896c); grading of wheats experi-ment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);planted for seed Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1898; Sample sheaf sent toNSW Dep. of Ag. Museum in Jan-uary 1897; wheat crop at WaggaExperimental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).—Synonyms: Bellevue Ta-lavera; Talavera Bellevue.

Tall Bearded Neapolitan.—EarlyBaart Group; threshes easily; bene-fits from being sown early (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897, Peacock1900).—History: Bathurst growthand ripening experiments 1900(Peacock 1900).

Tannack—Synonym for Tunnack

Tardent’s Blue.—White VelvetGroup; bald ears, plant with mediumamount of flag and straw of strongstrength; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; threshes rather hard;medium weight per bushel; the grain,as tested in Queensland, had amedium milling quality (Cobb1896,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b, Shel-ton 1894).—History: seeds suppliedto Queensland in 1892 byH.Tardent, via Rome, Italy (Shelton1894); Imported originally from SWRussia near the Roumanian Border;tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); Per-formed well at the Wagga Experi-mental Farm in the hot summer of


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1898/99; in 1894 tested for rust re-sistance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); and 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger); planted for seedWagga Experimental Farm 1898;wheat harvested in 1897/8 onWagga Exp. Farm; grown at WaggaE x p e r i m e n t a l F a r m 1 9 0 1(McKeown 1901) ; 1901/02(McKeown 1902); 1903 (McKeown1904); wheat crop at Wagga Exper-imental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); comparative wheat experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1901-1904 (McKeown 1905b);wheat grown at Glen Innis Experi-mental Farm 1904 (Gennys 1905);seed wheat for sale (Anon. 1905);grown at Hawkesbury 1903 (Sutton1904); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a).—Distribution:sold as seed wheat by the WaggaExperimental Farm in 1896,.—Syn-onyms: Limberg’s Velvet.

Target—grown at Cowra Experi-mental Farm in 1905 (Cowra SeedRegister).

Tarragon.—wheats at Bathurst Ex-perimental Farm 1903-4 (Peacock1904); wheats grown at BathurstExperimental Farm 1904 (Peacock1904); wheat grown at Glen InnisExperimental Farm 1904 (Gennys1905); Bluestone Experiments 1905(Farrer & Sutton 1905); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1905(Cowra Seed Register).

Tasmanian .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with dark biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with narrow leaves andmedium strength straw; thresheseasily; the cut surface of the grain

was mealy (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); tested for rust resistance atChilders, Gippland, and Port Fairie(Vic.) in 1891.—Distribution: dis-tributed by Moore, Tas.

Tasmanian Red.—Rieti or LadogaGroup (Cobb 1897).

Tattling Tom.—not uncommonmispelling for Rattling Tom (cf.Anon. 1892).

Telford’s.—Victorian farmer’s se-lection from Purple Straw (Anon1991).

Tendre d’Algerie.—: Synonym forSoft Algerian

Tendre de Portugal—Synonym forSoft Portugiese

Tenterfield Spring.—described andillustrated by Shelton (1893) asgrown in Queensland in 1892/3;wheat variety grown by 0.5 % of213 Queensland farmers questionedin 1892 (Shelton 1894).

The Blount.—Synonym → Blount.

Thew—Farrer cross of the followingparentage: (((Sinew x ImprovedFife) x (Improved Fife x Hussar)) xBlount’s Lambrigg); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1905 (CowraSeed Register).

Thickhead.—Medium-sized, plumpdull grain of great hardness; verydifficult to mill (Guthrie & Gurney1897).—History: Farrer Cross ofSteinwedel x (Amethyst x Horn-blende).

Thomas’ Rust Proof.—Synonym →Thomas’ Rust Resistant.

Varieties

131

Thomas Rust Resistant

Thomas’ Rust Resistant.—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum) ,Defiance Group; ear bald, notc lubbed , un i fo rm d iamte rthroughtout the lenth, mediumlength, rather blunt at the tip, taper-ing at the base, flattened obversely,white or yellowish, smooth, grainsmall and flat, white or yellowish;ripens late; plants medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with broadishleaves, slight amount of flag andweak, yellow or brownish straw; theheads have medium tendency toshell; ripens mid-season, thresheseasily; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy-horny; soft wheat ('bitingtest’); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a strong millingquality (Cobb 1893; Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894, Shelton1894).—History: grown as experi-mental crop at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); in 1892/93 tested inVictoria for rust resistance at Burn-ley (McAlpine 1894); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); grain hardness

comparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c).—Distribution: in 1894 seeds for thisvariety were sold by M. Berthoud,(Corowa, NSW).—S y n o n y m s :Thomas’ Rust Proof.

Three Months.—Synonym → AlloraSpring.

Thuiss.—Lazistan Group; thresheseasily (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

Toby.—allied to Purple Straw; testedfor flour strength in 1900, found tohave 12% gluten and medium (50%)water absorbing strength (Guthrie1900).

Topas.—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); hybrid made in 1890by and imported from Prof. Blount,Colorado.

Thomas Rust Resistant

Tourelle Auaue—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register).


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Tourmaline (square headed).—Finewheats type (Triticum sativum); earsbald, yellow and smooth, with darkyellowish brown grain; plants veryshort (≤2’6") plants with narrowand up leaves, slight amount of flagand medium (Vic) or strong (Qld)strength straw; the heads havemedium tendency to shell; the cutsurface of the grain was horny; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had astrong milling quality (McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—History :tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); apparently rust resisting andrecommended for further trails bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a smallscale (Anon 1892); recommendedseed wheat in NSW (ounce packet)(Cobb 1893); in 1894 tested for rustresistance in Queensland at Spring-sure, Clermont, Hughenden, Herber-ton, Allora and Roma (Shelton1894); grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); hybrid made in 1890 by andimported from Prof. Blount, Col-orado; tested for rust resistance atHawkesbury Agricultural College in1893 (Thompson 1894); 1894(Thompson 1895).

Town and Country.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with dark bis-cuit-coloured grain; plants mediumheight (3’ to 3’6") plants with mod-erately broad leaves, much amountof flag and straw pf varied strength;the heads have very great tendencyto shell; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy-horny; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (McAlpine 1894,Shelton 1894).—History: recom-

mended seed wheat in NSW (ouncepacket) (Cobb 1893); popular wheatvariety grown by 15.0 % of 213Queensland farmers questioned in1892 (Shelton 1894); recommendedas rust resistant by the 1892 Ade-laide Rust in Wheat conference forgrowing on a large scale (Anon1892); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); tested for rustresistance in Queensland in 1891;grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1906 (Cowra Seed Register).

Trap.—Fife Group; threshes easily(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892).—History: grown at Cowra Experimen-tal Farm in 1891 (Cowra Seed Regis-ter); hybrid made in 1890 by andimported from Prof. Blount, Col-orado.

Trigger.—Farrer cross used as a par-ent in many other crosses, neverreleased as own variety.

T r u m p .—Golden Drop Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

Tunnack.—recommended as rustresistant for cooler districts by the(final) Rust in Wheat Conference,Melbourne 1896 (Anon. 1896);grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1894(Thompson 1895).

Varieties

133

Turkey —Russian Durum wheat va-riety imported in NSW for testing in1896/96.

Turvey.—Victorian farmer’s selec-tion from Purple Straw (Anon1991).

T u s c a n .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); ears bald, yellowand smooth, with pale biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") (plants with broadish leavesand medium strength straw; the cutsurface of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894) .—H i s t o r y :awarded the wheat prize of the Clare(S.A.) agricultural show in 1861(Anon. 1861); awarded the wheatprize at the 1867 Royal Agriculturaland Horticultural Society of SouthAustralia show (Anon. 1867); re-ported as sown in South Australia in

1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); prize win-ning wheat grown by H.J.Angas ofCollinggrove, SA, in 1879; 1880;1883 and 1884 (Angas 1886); sownin Victoria in 1865 and reported asliable to rust (Dunsdorfs 1956); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).—Synonyms: New ZealandLong Berried Wheat

Tuscan Essex.—Essex Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: Tuscan Es-sex—grown at Cowra ExperimentalFarm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Register).

Tuscan Island.—‘Miscellaneous’Group; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Tuscany.—Californian wheat vari-ety; tested at Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1894 (Coleman 1894).

� U �Ultuna Red Beard.—Rieti or LadogaGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Uncle Tommy.—Early Baart Group;threshes hard (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: Farmer’s field se-lection at the end of the 19th cen-tury

Uruguay Breadwheat—grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1905(Cowra Seed Register).

Urtoba.—Noe Group; threshes hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1893 (Cowra Seed Register);Swedish wheat variety

Uxbridge.—grown in South Aus-tralia in the late 1860s (Schomburgk1873).

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� V �Vanessa .—small, white grain ofmedium hardness; fair to mill(Guthrie & Gurney 1897).—History:Farrer Cross of Hornblende x IndianA. used as a parent in many othercrosses, never released as own vari-ety

Velvet.—Defiance Group; threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897).—History: reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956) sown in Victoriain 1865 and reported as liable torust.

Velvet Chaff.—bald ears, plant withmedium amount of flag and straw ofstrong strength; the heads have verygreat tendency to shell; thresheshard; the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a good milling quality(Cobb 1896, Shelton 1894).—His-tory: in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); tested atWagga Experimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); grown in NewZealand in the 1910s (Hilgendorf1920).

Velvet Chaff Bearded.—threshesrather easily (Cobb 1896).

Velvet Chaff Red Grain.—WhiteVelvet Group (Cobb 1897).

Velvet Don—Russian Durum wheatimported by Farrer in 1896

Velvet Ear.—Synonym → VelvetNew Zealand.

Velvet New Zealand.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum), White Vel-vet Group; threshes rather hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).—History:English wheat with downy ears,largely grown in New Zealand duringthe 19th century, very popular in1882; grown in New Zealand in1899 (Guthrie 1900); New Zealandflour reported to have an excellentcolour, found to have 8% gluten andmedium (50%) water absorbingstrength (Guthrie 1900).—S y n -onyms: Velvet Ear.

Velvet Pearl.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Velvet PearlGroup; ear bald, red or brown, vel-vety; high weight per bushel;threshes easily; medium wheat('biting test’) (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b).

Velvet Pearl

History: American wheat. Known inparts of the USA under the name‘Sonora’; in New Zealand mainlygrown before the introduction ofTuscan in the 1890s (Copland1920); one of the original 64 rec-

Varieties

135

ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); tested in1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); wheat varietygrown by 1.4 % of 213 Queenslandfarmers questioned in 1892 (Shelton1894); wheat harvested in 1897/8on Wagga Exp. Farm; wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c); gradingof wheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); South Australianflour reported to have an excellentcolour, found to have 11% glutenand medium (50%) water absorbingstrength (Guthrie 1900); grown on acommercial scale in South Australiain 1899 (Guthrie 1900).—Distribu-t ion : sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1897and 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms: Ble de Mars Rouge deCalifornie (acc to Vilmorin);Cameron’s Brown Straw; Pearl.

Velvet Top—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Venning’s Rust Proof.—beardedears, plant with medium amount offlag and straw of medium strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; threshes rather hard; the grain,as tested in Queensland, had a flintymilling quality (Cobb 1896, Shelton1894).—History: wheat harvested in1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Far; in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora and Roma (Shelton1894); wheat crop at Wagga Exper-imental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); grading of wheats experi-ment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897).—

Distribution: sold as seed wheat bythe Wagga Experimental Farm in1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger); in 1894seeds for this variety were sold by A.Venning, SA.

Velvet Pearl

Vermont .—medium-sized leaves(Cobb 1901a).—History: grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register).—Synonyms:Marshall's Rust Resistant; Pringle'sNº 5

Victorian Defiance.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with biscuit-coloured grain; medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with broadish leaves,slight amount of flag and mediumstrength straw; heads have muchtendency to shell; the cut surface ofthe grain was horny-mealy; thegrain, as tested in Queensland, had afair red milling quality (McAlpine1894, Shelton 1894).—History: astrain of Pringle’s Defiance dis-tributed the Victorian Department


136

of Agriculture as resistant to stemrust; recommended seed wheat inNSW (ounce packet) (Cobb 1893);recommended as rust resistant bythe 1892 Adelaide Rust in Wheatconference for growing on a largescale (Anon 1892); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Clermont,Allora and Roma (Shelton 1894);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1893( T h o m p s o n 1 8 9 4 ) ; 1 8 9 4(Thompson 1895).

Viking.—Selection made by JosephKing, farmer, Georgetown, SA about1890.—Synonyms: Early Viking

Vilmorin’s Indian.—medium-sized,round, plump grain of medium hard-ness; rather easy to mill (Guthrie &Gurney 1897).—History: grown byWiliam Farrer in 1896 and testedfor flour quality by Guthrie & Gur-ney (1897).

Virgin.—Californian wheat variety;tested at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1894 (Coleman 1894).

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� W �Walla Walla.—Californian wheatvariety; tested at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Ward’s Prolific.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Ward’s ProlificGroup.—ear bald, red or brown,smooth; rather small, elongatedtranslucent, to white or yellowishgrain of medium hardness; short(2’6" to 3’) plants with broadishleaves, much amount of flag andmedium (Vic) to strong (Qld)strength straw; ripens mid season;the heads have very great tendencyto shell; threshes hard; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy; mediumwheat ('biting test’); the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality; deemed as fair tomill in NSW (Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1904,Guthrie & Gurney 1896, Guthrie &Gurney 1897, McAlpine 1894, Shel-ton 1894).

Ward’s Prolific

History: developed between 1881and 1885; according to Farrer

(1898b) came to Australia as a straygrain in an Egyptian wheat sample;reported as grown in 1889 inQueensland (Anon 1890:17); andNSW (Cobb 1890); grown as exper-imental crop at Wagga Experimen-tal Farm in 1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Hughenden,Herberton, Allora and Roma(Shelton 1894); one of the original64 recommended for assessment bythe wheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); described and illus-trated by Shelton (1893) as grown inQueensland in 1892/3; wheat varietygrown by 2.8 % of 213 Queenslandfarmers questioned in 1892 (Shelton1894); recommended seed wheat inNSW (5lb bags) (Cobb 1893); testedin 1893, 1894 and 1895 in the 'bit-ing test' (Cobb 1896b); wheat cropat Wagga Experimental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer 1899); grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 and1902 (Cowra Seed Register); testedfor rust resistance at Childers, Gipp-land, and Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891;in NSW in 1891; and at HawkesburyAgricultural College in 1893(Thompson 1894); planted for seedWagga Experimental Farm 1898;grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); recommended as rustresistant by the 1892 Adelaide Rustin Wheat conference for growing ona large scale (Anon 1892); recom-mended as rust resistant by the(final) Rust in Wheat Conference,Melbourne 1896 (Anon. 1896);


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wheat harvested in 1897/8 onWagga Exp. Farm; grown by WiliamFarrer in 1896 and tested for flourquality by Guthrie & Gurney (1897);grown on a commercial scale inSouth Australia in 1899 (Guthrie1900); South Australian flour re-ported to have an excellent colour,found to have 13% gluten and low(48%) water absorbing strength(Guthrie 1900).—Distribution: soldas seed wheat by the Wagga Exper-imental Farm in 1897 and 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:occasionally the terms has been usedto describe Allora Spring (which is aseparate variety).

Ward’s Prolific Nº 1.—grown inNSW in 1889 (Cobb 1890).—Syn-onyms: Ward's Prolific.

Ward’s White.—Ward’s ProlificGroup; bald ears, plant with slight tomedium amount of flag and straw ofmedium to strong strength; theheads have medium tendency toshell; threshes hard the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Shelton 1894).—History: ac-cording to Farrer 1905) a strain ofWard’s Prolific with white straw;tested for rust resistance in 1891 atLambrigg, NSW (Cobb 1892); in1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Springsure, Clermont,Hughenden, Herberton, Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894).—Distribu-tion: in 1894 seeds for this varietywere sold by Richard Marshall, SA.

Warren.—Farrer cross of the fol-lowing parentage: ((Bobs xJonathan) x Warner).

Webb’s Challenge.—Fife Group(Cobb 1897); Ward’s Prolific Group(Cobb 1897).—History: tested inWagga 1896; grown in New Zealandin the 1910s (Hilgendorf 1920).

Webb’s King Red.—Square HeadGroup; threshes rather hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Wessex.—good hay wheat (Coleman1902); Farrer cross (Farrer 1902).—wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902).

Western Wonder.—Synonym →Lott’s.

Wheaton’s Rust-proof.—bald ears,plant with slight flag (seed byGeorge Inglis, SA) or much flag(seed by R. Marshall, SA) and strawof strong strength; the heads havelittle tendency to shell; the grain, astested in Queensland, had a mediumto good milling quality (Shelton1894).—History: in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894); rec-ommended as rust resistant forcooler districts by the (final) Rust inWheat Conference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby George Inglis, SA; Richard Mar-shall, SA.—Synonyms: Wheaton’sRust Resistant.

Wheaton’s Rust Resistant.—Syn-onym → Wheaton’s Rust-proof.

White Australian.—US Synonym forAustralian Talavera (Cobb 1901c).

White Californian.—Distribution:sold as seed wheat by the Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1897 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger).

White Chaff Red.—Fife Group;threshes rather hard (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

White Cythére.—Synonym forCythére White (Shelton 1894).

White Emmer—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson

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139

1894).—Synonyms : AmidonnierBlanc

White Essex

White Essex.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Essex Group; earbald, open, tapering, white or yel-lowish, smooth, grain white or yel-lowish; chaff not hooked; plant withmuch amount of flag and straw ofmedium strength; straw yellow orbrownish; the heads have little ten-dency to shell; ripens midseason;benefits from being sown early;medium weight per bushel; thresheseasily; medium wheat ('biting test';Cobb 1896b); the grain, as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality; good hay wheat (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b, Cobb1904, Coleman 1902, Peacock1900, Shelton 1894).—History:English wheat variety, recom-mended for growing in South Aus-tralia (Kiddle 1861); grown in NSWin 1889 (Cobb 1890); one of theoriginal 64 recommended for as-sessment by the wheat nomenclaturecommittee (Cobb 1893); tested forrust resistance at Childers, Gippland,and Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891;tested for rust resistance in NSW in1891; grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb 1895);in 1894 tested for rust resistance inQueensland at Allora and Roma

(Shelton 1894); wheat harvested in1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm;

White Essex

grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1901/02 (McKeown 1902); 1903(McKeown 1904); tested in 1893,1894 and 1895 in the 'biting test'(Cobb 1896b); grading of wheats ex-periment Wagga 1896 (Cobb 1897);grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); wheat crop at WaggaExperimental Farm 1897-98 (Farrer1899); comparative wheat experi-ments Wagga Experimental Farm1901-1904 (McKeown 1905b); ma-nuring experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1904 (McKeown1905a); Bathurst growth and ripen-ing experiments 1900 (Peacock1900); tested for flour strength in1900, found to have 10% gluten andmedium (58%) water absorbingstrength (Guthrie 1900); wheattested at Saddleworth, SA (Coleman1902).—Distribution: seed wheat for


140

sale (Anon. 1905); in 1894 seeds forthis variety were sold by GeorgeInglis, SA; sold as seed wheat by theWagga Experimental Farm in 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

White Fife

White Fife.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Fife Group; earbald, not clubbed, white or yellowish,smooth, grain small and flat, red oramber plants medium height (3’ to3’6") plants with moderately narrowleaves, medium amount of flag andmedium strength straw; straw yellowor brownish; ripens late; the headsare not liable tendency to shell;threshes easily; the cut surface ofthe grain was horny-mealy; softwheat ('biting test’); the grain, astested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality; Similar to Red Fife,but with white chaff (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb1904, McAlpine 1894, Shelton1894).—History: tested for rust re-sistance in 1891 at Lambrigg, NSW(Cobb 1892); one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb1895); in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); in 1894 testedfor rust resistance in Queensland atAllora and Roma (Shelton 1894);

grain hardness comparison 1896(Cobb 1896c); grown at Cowra Ex-perimental Farm in 1891 (CowraSeed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1893 (Thompson 1894);and in 1894 (Thompson 1895);tested in 1893, 1894 and 1895 inthe 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b).—Distributiuon: distributed by Mar-shall, SA.

White Fife

White Flanders.—Lammas Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).

White Frame.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

White Hogan.—Selection fromWhite Lammas made in the Orange

Varieties

141

District (NSW) about 1880; baldears, plant with medium amount offlag and straw of strong strength;the heads have little tendency toshell; the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a good milling quality(Shelton 1894).—History: grown insmall areas because of its early ma-turity; grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); tested atWagga Experimental Farm in 1894(Coleman 1894); in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894);tested for rust resistance at Hawkes-bury Agricultural College in 1894(Thompson 1895); wheats grown atBathurst Experimental Farm 1903-4and 1904 (Peacock 1904); wheatgrown at Glen Innis ExperimentalFarm 1904 (Gennys 1905); seedwheat for sale (Anon. 1905).

White Lammas.—large, very plump,white grain of low hardness; easy tomill (Guthrie & Gurney 1897); Finewheats type (Triticum sativum) ,Lammas Group; ear bald, uniform,open, tapering, white or yellowish,smooth, grain white or yellowish;chaff not hooked, white withsalmon streaks; plant with mediumamount of flag and yellow orbrownish straw of strong strength;ripens midseason; benefits from be-ing sown early; the heads have littletendency to shell; medium weightper bushel; threshes rather easily;soft wheat ('biting test’); the grain,as tested in Queensland, had a goodmilling quality; deemed a prolificproducer and modertely rust resis-tant by the (final) Rust in WheatConference, Melbourne 1896(Anon. 1896, Cobb 1896, Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b,Cobb 1904, Peacock 1900, Shelton1894).

White Lammas

History: English/Scottish wheat vari-ety, one of the first wheats intro-duced to Australia; English wheatvariety, recommended for growingin South Australia (Kiddle 1861);reported as sown in South Australiain 1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956); in Vic-toria the most frequent wheat vari-ety grown before 1850 (Anon1991); sown in Victoria in 1865 andreported as liable to rust wheat(Dunsdorfs 1956); reported as grownin 1878 at Milthorpe, NSW; prizewinning wheat grown by H.J.Angasof Collinggrove, SA, in 1881; 1883and 1884 (Angas 1886); tested forrust resistance in Queensland in1891; grown in NSW in 1889 (Cobb1890); one of the original 64 rec-ommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); described and illus-trated by Shelton (1893) as grown inQueensland in 1892/3; grown as ex-perimental crop at Wagga Experi-mental Farm in 1892/93; and1893/94 (Cobb 1895); in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Allora and Roma (Shelton1894); tested in 1895 in the 'bitingtest' (Cobb 1896b); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c); plantedfor seed Wagga Experimental Farm


142

1898; reported as grown in Queens-land in 1889 (Anon 1890:17);wheat harvested in 1897/8 onWagga Exp. Farm; wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); grown at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1901 (McKeown1901); grown by Wiliam Farrer in1896 and tested for flour quality byGuthrie & Gurney (1897); grown atCollabah Experimental Farm in1899, cut for hay (Peacock 1900);grown on a commercial scale inNSW in 1899 (Guthrie 1900);Bathurst growth and ripening exper-iments 1900 (Peacock 1900); NSWflour reported to have an excellentto yellow colour, found to have 12%gluten and medium (50%) water ab-sorbing strength (Guthrie 1900);manuring experiments Wagga Ex-perimental Farm 1904 (McKeown1905a); wheats at Bathurst Experi-mental Farm 1903-4 (Peacock1904).—Distribution sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1896, 1897 and 1898(W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Synonyms:Blue Wheat.

White Mexican—grown at CowraExperimental Farm in 1893 (CowraSeed Register); tested for rust resis-tance at Port Fairie (Vic.) in 1891.

White Naples.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Lammas Group;ear bald, open, tapering, white oryellowish, smoot; chaff not hooked;grain white or yellowish; plant withmedium amount of flag and straw ofmedium strength; straw yellow orbrownish; the heads have much ten-dency to shell; ripens midseason;benefits from being sown early;medium weight per bushel; threshesrather easily; the grain, mediumwheat ('biting test’); as tested inQueensland, had a good millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1896b,

Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b, Cobb1904, Peacock 1900, Shelton1894).

White Naples

History: Originally from the Naplesdistrict in Italy (known there asCarosella), introduced in 1890 byWilliam Farrer, from H. L. de Vil-morin (Paris); one of the original 64recommended for assessment by thewheat nomenclature committee(Cobb 1893); grown as experimentalcrop at Wagga Experimental Farmin 1892/93; and 1893/94 (Cobb1895); in 1894 tested for rust resis-tance in Queensland at Allora andRoma (Shelton 1894); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); tested in 1894 and1895 in the 'biting test' (Cobb1896b); grain hardness comparison1896 (Cobb 1896c); grading ofwheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); Bathurst growth andr ipening exper iments 1900(Peacock 1900); grown at CollabahExperimental Farm in 1899, cut forhay (Peacock 1900); sSample sheafsent to NSW Dep. of Ag. Museum inJanuary 1897; wheat harvested in1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm.—Dis-tribution: obtained from H. L. deVilmorin (Paris); sold as seed wheatby the Wagga Experimental Farm in

Varieties

143

1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).—Syn-onyms: Carosella; Richelle Blanchede Naples.

White Naples

White Prolific.—grown in SouthAustralia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873).

White Rivet.—(Triticum turgidum);in 1892/93 tested in Victoria forrust resistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

White Russian.—Fife Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History :grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1893(Cowra Seed Register).

White Straw.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

White Talavera.—in 1844 grown atReedbeds, South Australia (Collision1845).

White Tuscan

White Tuscan.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), Tuscan Group;ear bald, rosy, yellow and smooth;medium-sized, translucent white oryellowishgrain of medium hardness;medium height (3’ to 3’6") ( plantswith large, broadish leaves, muchamount of flag and medium strength(Vic) or strong strength (Qld); theheads have little tendency to shell;benefits from being sown ear-lythreshes rather hard; low weightper bushel; the cut surface of thegrain was mealy; the grain, as testedin Queensland, had a flinty millingquality (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897,Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1901a, Guthrie &


144

Gurney 1897, McAlpine 1894, Pea-cock 1900, Shelton 1894).—His-tory: grown in South Australia in thelate 1860s (Schomburgk 1873); re-ported as sown in South Australia in1868 (Dunsdorfs 1956) sown in Vic-toria in 1865 and reported as liableto rust wheat (Dunsdorfs 1956);prize winning wheat grown byH.J.Angas of Collinggrove, SA, in1880; 1881; 1883 and 1884 (Angas1886);grown in NSW in 1889 (Cobb1890); tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); Tuscan—grown at Cowra Experimental Farmin 1901 (Cowra Seed Register);grown at Wagga Experimental Farm1901/02 (McKeown 1902); 1903(McKeown 1904); comparativewheat experiments Wagga Experi-mental Farm 1902-1904 (McKeown1905b); manuring experimentsWagga Experimental Farm 1904(McKeown 1905a); wheat crop atWagga Experimental Farm 1897-98(Farrer 1899); wheats at BathurstExper imenta l Farm 1903-4(Peacock 1904); wheats grown atBathurst Experimental Farm 1904(Peacock 1904); seed wheat for sale(Anon. 1905); wheat tested at Sad-dleworth, SA (Coleman 1902); Blue-stone Experiments 1905 (Farrer &Sutton 1905); in 1894 tested forrust resistance in Queensland at Al-lora and Roma (Shelton 1894);grown by Wiliam Farrer in 1896 andtested for flour quality by Guthrie &Gurney (1897); grading of wheatsexperiment Wagga 1896 (Cobb1897); described and illustrated byShelton (1893) as grown in Queens-land in 1892/3; popular wheat vari-ety grown by 10.8 % of 213Queensland farmers questioned in

1892 (Shelton 1894); in 1892/93tested in Victoria for rust resistanceat Burnley (McAlpine 1894); har-vested in 1897/8 on Wagga Exp.Farm; grown in New Zealand in1899 (Guthrie 1900); Bathurstgrowth and ripening experiments1900 (Peacock 1900); grown atCollabah Experimental Farm in1899, cut for hay (Peacock 1900);used in 1899 smut experiments(Grenfell 1900); tested for rust resis-tance at Childers, Gippland, andPort Fairie (Vic.) in 1891; inQueensland in 1891; and NSW in1891; grown at Cowra ExperimentalFarm in 1893 (Cowra Seed Regis-terNew Zealand flour reported tohave an very good (yellowish)colour, found to have 8.5% glutenand low (47%) water absorbingstrength (Guthrie 1900); grown inNew Zealand in the 1910s(Hilgendorf 1920).—Distribution: in1894 seeds for this variety were soldby George Inglis, SA; sold as seedwheat by the Wagga ExperimentalFarm in 1898 (W.E.F. Sales Ledger).

White Tuscan of Lake Bathurst.—Lammas Group (Cobb 1897); Tus-can Group (Cobb 1897).

White Velvet

White Velvet.—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum), White VelvetGroup; ear bald, white or yellowish,

Varieties

145

velvety; medium weight per bushel;threshes rather hard medium wheat('biting test’) (Cobb 1896,Cobb1896b, Cobb 1897, Cobb 1898b);grown as.—History: English variety;one of the original 64 recommendedfor assessment by the wheat nomen-clature committee (Cobb 1893);tested in 1893, 1894 and 1895 inthe 'biting test' (Cobb 1896b); grad-ing of wheats experiment Wagga1896 (Cobb 1897); grain hardnesscomparison 1896 (Cobb 1896c);Sample sheaf sent to NSW Dep. ofAg. Museum in January 1897.—Distribution: sold as seed wheat bythe Wagga Experimental Farm in1897 and 1898 (W.E.F. SalesLedger).

White wheat of Chili—wheat varietyfrom Chile imported by Poarditch in1827 (Campbell 1936).

White Winslow.—reported as sownin South Australia in 1868(Dunsdorfs 1956).

White’s Champion.—bearded ears,plant with medium amount of flagand straw of strong strength; theheads have medium tendency toshell; the grain, as tested in Queens-land, had a fair milling quality(Shelton 1894).—History: in 1894tested for rust resistance in Queens-land at Roma (Shelton 1894).

White-eared Mummy.—Durum andPoulard Group; threshes hard (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).

Wilkinson’s Early Prolific.—Syn-onym → Early Gluyas.

Willett’s.—Red Provence Group;threshes rather easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: Americanwheat variety, imported by W. Far-

rer for crossing purposes (Guthrie &Gurney 1897).

Wiltunga Wonder.—Field selectionby J. Mudge, Pine Forest Bureau(SA); resembles Early Para grown inSA at the beginning of the 20th cen-tury.

Winslow .—grown 1863 at LakePlains, South Australia; the varietywent laregly out of favour in the1860s (Maughan 1867); grown inSouth Australia in the late 1860s(Schomburgk 1873).

Winter Australian.—Fine wheatstype (Triticum sativum); ears bald,yellow and smooth, with pale bis-cuit-coloured grain; short (2’6" to3’) plants with broadish leaves andmedium strength straw; the cut sur-face of the grain was mealy(McAlpine 1894).—History: i n1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894).

Winter Nigger.—Winter NiggerGroup; threshes easily (Cobb 1896,Cobb 1897).—History: Americanwheat variety; tested at Wagga Ex-perimental Farm in 1894 (Coleman1894).

Woll.—Sydonym → Klein.

Wonder.—Synonym → Miracle.

World’s Champion.—Synonym →Lott’s.

World’s Wonder.—Synonym →Lott’s.

Wright’s Rust Proof.—Synonym →Pugh’s Rust Proof.

Wright’s Rust Resistant.—Fi feGroup; threshes rather easily (Cobb1896, Cobb 1897).


146

� X �X e r e s .—Flinty wheats type(Triticum durum), Durum andPoulard Group (Cobb 1897); earsbearded, white to yellow andsmooth, with dark biscuit-colouredgrain; tall (3’6" to 4’) plants withmoderately narrow leaves and strong

straw; the cut surface of the grainwas horny (McAlpine 1894).—His-tory: in 1892/93 tested in Victoriafor rust resistance at Burnley(McAlpine 1894); distributed byVilmorin (Paris).

� Y �Yandi l la .—very early ripening(Sutton 1904).—Farrer cross; goodfor hay (Sutton 1904); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904).

Yellow Hogan—tested for rust resis-tance at Hawkesbury AgriculturalCollege in 1894 (Thompson 1895).

Yellow Straw.—reported as sown inSouth Australia in 1868 (Dunsdorfs1956).

Young’s Bearded.—Durum andPoulard Group; threshes very hard(Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897).

147

� Z �Zaf f ra .— used by Farrer in hiscrossing experiments.

Zealand.—Lammas Group; midsea-son to very late maturing wheat, tallyellow or brownish strong straw;long, open, narrow tapering, whiteto yellowish almost awnless ears,white, chaff hooked, soft, yellowishgrain of weak flour quality threshesrather hard medium weight perbushel (Cobb 1896, Cobb 1897;Cobb 1898b, Cobb 1904).—History:wheat introduced from France(originally from the Zealand districtin Denmark) by G.F. Berthoud(farmer, Corowa, NSW) in 1888;Sample sheaf sent to NSW Dep. ofAg. Museum in January 1897;planted for seed Wagga Experimen-tal Farm 1898; wheat harvested in1897/8 on Wagga Exp. Farm; wheatcrop at Wagga Experimental Farm1897-98 (Farrer 1899); grown atWagga Experimental Farm 1903(McKeown 1904); manuring exper-iments Wagga Experimental Farm1904 (McKeown 1905a); grown atHawkesbury 1903 (Sutton 1904);wheats at Bathurst ExperimentalFarm 1903-4 (Peacock 1904);wheat tested at Saddleworth, SA(Coleman 1902); wheat grown atGlen Innis Experimental Farm 1904(Gennys 1905); grain hardness com-parison 1896 (Cobb 1896c); gradingof wheats experiment Wagga 1896(Cobb 1897); comparative wheatexperiments Wagga ExperimentalFarm 1899-1904 (McKeown1905b).—Distribution: sold as seedwheat by the Wagga Experimental

Farm in 1897 and 1898 (W.E.F.Sales Ledger).

Zealand

Zimmerman .—Fine wheats type(Triticum sativum); Noe Group; earsbearded, yellow and smooth, withdark biscuit-coloured grain; largeleaves; threshes hard. medium height(3’ to 3’6") plants with moderatelynarrow and up leaves and strongstraw; the cut surface of the grainwas mealy-horny (Cobb 1896, Cobb1897, Cobb 1901a, McAlpine1894).—History: US wheat intro-duced into Queensland in 1891 byShelton; tested for rust resistance in1891 at Lambrigg, NSW (Cobb1892); described and illustrated byShelton (1893) as grown in Queens-land in 1892/3; rust liable; in1892/93 tested in Victoria for rustresistance at Burnley (McAlpine1894); grown as experimental cropat Wagga Experimental Farm in1892/93 (Cobb 1895); grown atCowra Experimental Farm in 1891(Cowra Seed Register); tested forrust resistance at Hawkesbury Agri-cultural College in 1893 (Thompson1894).


148

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150

The illustrations have been drawn from Anonymous 1911, Cobb 1892and Cobb 1893; Cobb 1895 and Cobb 1901c.

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