ART OF THE MODERN ERA

18th-19th Century Art:

Neoclassicism, Romanticism,

and Realism

NEOCLASSICAL ART

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT: (1750–1850)

An intellectual and scientific movement of 18th century Europe

which was characterized by a rational and scientific approach to

religious, social, political, and economic issues. The Age of

Enlightenment led directly to the American Revolution and French

Revolution and strongly influenced the Industrial Revolution

Neoclassical Art: c. 1750-1925

Subject Matter

• nationalistic themes • moral behavior • classical stories, appearance,

and settings • logic and reason

Style

• subdued palette • smooth and imperceptible

brushwork • simple, clean lines • rebirth of Classicism

Context

• Revolutions in France and America

• Reaction against frivolity and emotion of Baroque and Rococo

• Enlightenment

Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT? WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE? WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Socrates, 1787

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT? WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE? WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Jacques-Louis David, Napoleon in His Study, 1812

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?

WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?

WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Jean Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer, 1827

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT? WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS IT S SIGNIFICANCE? WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Marat, 1793

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?

WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?

WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Neoclassical Sculpture

Thorvaidsen , Jason, 1803-1823

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?

WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?

WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Neoclassical Sculpture

Antonio Canova

Perseus with the Head of Medusa, 1804-1806

WHAT IS THIS ARTWORK’S CONTEXT?

WHY WAS IT CREATED?

WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE?

WHAT IS ITS MEANING?

Claude Nicolas Ledoux, Rotonde de la Vilette, Paris, 1787-88

Architecture

Neoclassical Architecture in America

ROMANTICISM ART

GLORIFICATION OF EMOTION: (1780–1850)

Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and

individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature,

preferring the medieval rather than the classical. It was partly a

reaction to the Industrial Revolution,the aristocratic social and

political norms of the Age of Enlightenment,

Rejection against the order and rationality of

Neoclassicism

Reaction against the Enlightenment, rationalism

Emphasized the individual, the subjective, the

irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the

spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the

transcendental.

Romanticism 1790-1850

Eugène Delacroix, Selim and Zuleika, 1857

Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1819

Romanticism

Emotional scenes filled with danger, conflict, heroic struggle,

adventure, political turmoil, and faraway, exotic places

Henry Fuselli, Lady Macbeth, 1794

Romanticism

Baroque Influence:

creating drama through

rich color, strong

diagonals, contrast in light

and dark, and loose

brushwork

Henry Fuselli, Nightmare (The Incubus), 1781

Romanticism

Romantic

artists

infused

their

canvases

with

something

new—a

shock

value that

engaged

emotions.

Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830

Romanticism

Political,

Patriotic,

Nationalist

“And if I

haven’t

fought for

my country

at least I’ll

paint for

her."

- Delacroix

Romantic

artists

showed

the awe

and

sublime

power of

nature

with

writhing

seas and

dramatic

skies.

Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1842

Romanticism

Joseph Mallord William Turner ,The Slave Ship (detail), 1842

Romanticism

Théodore Géricault, The Raft of the Medusa, 1819

Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, 1830

Joseph Mallord William Turner, Snowstorm: Steam Boat, 1842

Eugène Delacroix. The Lion Hunt. 1860/61.

REALISM

REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS OF REAL-LIFE PEOPLE: (1780–1850)

Realists rejected Romanticism, which had dominated French literature

and art since the late 18th century. Realism revolted against the exotic

subject matter and exaggerated emotionalism and drama of the

Romantic movement. It sought to portray real and typical

contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy

REALISM

REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS OF REAL-LIFE PEOPLE: (1780–1850)

Realism

Muted, earthy colors

Ordinary genre scenes of people in their everyday lives

Portrayed people with honesty, not idealization; painted figures, objects, and landscapes as they really appeared

Uses light and shadow to depict three-dimensional form and weight

Deliberate rejection of Romanticism

Gustave Courbert, Stonebreakers, 1849

Gustave Courbert, Burial at Ornans, 1849-50

Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners, 1857

Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners

Edouard Manet , The Railway, 1873

Jean-François Millet, The Gleaners

Daumier, The Third - Class Carriage, 1864

Millet – Shepherdess with Her Flock

WHAT TO DO NOW?

ARTWORK AND IT’S CONTEXT IN HISTORY

YOU WILL BE RESEARCHING SIX ARTWORKS

TO FIND OUT WHAT THE CONTEXT IS ON EACH.

CONTEXT IS HOW IT RELATES TO THE TIME IT WAS

CREATED IN AND WHY. WHAT WAS THE CAUSE FOR CREATING IT?