1896 1935 1987 2006

Disability Service, Co-production and the Nonprofit Development

in Authoritarian China

Disability Service, Co-production and the Nonprofit Development

in Authoritarian China

Ting ZHAOTing ZHAO

Research QuestionsResearch Questions

How the Disabled Persons’ Federation (DPF) collaborates with nonprofit agencies to

deliver services for the disabled?

What is the role and function of the nonprofit agencies /DPF in the co-production?

Theoretical PerspectiveTheoretical Perspective

Government-NPO Relationship

The influence of government funding for the NPO

Negative ( Lipsky and Smith 1990,Reiner 1989, Bernstein 1991)

Positive (Kramer1981,Salam1995)

NPO Development in Authoritarian China

Professionalization stage ( Korten David 1990,

Tuan Yang 2002, TCK Tong 2009)

Research MethodResearch Method

Case study

Fieldwork in June2014, November2014, January2015.

Data collection

Intensive interviews: government officials (7), nonprofit leader and program manager (9), the disabled

Participatory observation

Various documents

Case Description(2010-2015)Case Description(2010-2015)

The traditional way of providing service for the disabled has been challenged with the increasing demand of the disabled.

W district in Northern part of Shanghai

The innovation of social service system for the disabled begins in 2010.

To reform the 12 community organizations into nonprofit agencies, establish several local nonprofit agencies and bring in nonprofit agencies(mostly support NPO) from other parts of Shanghai/China.

Traditional Disability Service SystemTraditional Disability Service System

Disability Service SystemDisability Service System

Two types of NPO:

Service Providing / Operating NPO

Support NPO (L David Brown 2002, Alan J. Abramson, Rachel McCarthy 2012)

data source: year 2015

Type of NPO No.

Operating NPO 15(12)

Support NPO 2

Total 17

Program: Rehabilitation ServiceProgram: Rehabilitation Service

Employment ServiceEmployment Service

Service for the FamilyService for the Family

Consultation MeetingConsultation Meeting

How They Collaborate?How They Collaborate?

Year No. of Programs

Funding (ten thousand RMB）

Increasing Rate of the Funding(％）

2010 10 114 /

2011 23 542 375.4

2012 25 668 23.2

2013 23 908 35.9

2014 19 1068 17.6

2015 23 1400 31.1

Total/Average 123/20.5 4700/783.3 1128.1/282.0

How They Collaborate?(continue)How They Collaborate?(continue)

From the resources perspective:

DPF provides funds for the NPOs.

DPF shares its traditional service network/social capital with NPOs in service delivery.

DPF provides professional training/ guidance and various learning opportunities for the NPO.

NPO designs a detailed implementation plan of the program according to DPF’s service goal.

NPO conducts the service delivery.

NPO recruits social workers with the funding from DPF.

How They Collaborate?(continue)How They Collaborate?(continue)

From the power share perspective

CASE DPF receives criticisms and advices from the service providing NPO by creating and funding various programs, which quickly responds to the social needs of the disabled.

The service providing NPO only functions as communicator, not as participatory actor in the policy process.

How They Collaborate?(continue)How They Collaborate?(continue)

From the power share perspective

CASE 1 service criteria and program evaluation criteria making

CASE 2 social service market cultivation and promotion

The support nonprofit organizations have been engaged in the policy process, but mainly in the policy implementation rather than the policy making.

Discussion and ConclusionDiscussion and Conclusion

The Role of NPO

The role of different types of NPO is different. The service providing NPOs haven’t been engaged in the policy process while the support NPOs have been engaged, mainly in the policy implementation rather than the policy making.

DPF’s Role and NPO’s Professional Development

With the professional help from the support NPOs, the DPF is promoting the development of service providing NPOs, which constitutes the fundamental condition of successful co-production.

Social service NPOs in the disability area is in its professionalization, in terms of service delivery, program management, and internal board governance, etc.

Thank You!