1848-1914 Bryan Dillon Matt Lux. Imperialism- A policy of extending a country’s power and...
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1848-1914
Bryan DillonMatt Lux
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Imperialism- A policy of extending a country’s power and influence
Countries wanted to increase their trade and control around the worldGet resources for new manufacturing and
marketsRaw materials to fuel their economyEnhance national prestige
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Nationalism- Dedication to an identification with a nation or ethnic groupMany groups wanted their independence and
expand their territoryVarity of ethnic groups in large empiresLead to revolutions throughout Europe
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Reasons for Imperialism:Scientific expeditionsEconomics
Raw MaterialsControl of the source of materials to support
manufacturingAcquire materials owned by other countriesControl market
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• British Empire• Controlled the largest empire in the world• Conquered large parts of Africa, Asia, and
India• “Sun never sets”• Remained out of European Affairs• Wealthiest nation
• Trade throughout the world
• Effective two party parliament• Universal Male Suffrage
• No longer need land to vote
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• African Expansion– Wanted raw materials to fuel industrial
revolution– Trade expanded throughout the 1700-1800’s– Many natives exploited and oppressed by British
control• Boer War– War with the local tribes in South Africa– Put down natives– Became protectorate of Egypt, control over Suez
Canal
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Romanoff DynastyLongest dynasty in EuropeConquered Baltic States, Central Asia, and SiberiaControlled ports on the Black Sea
Crimean War (1853-1856)Russia defeated by English and France
Could not keep up with western technology and efficiency
Wanted to conquer Ottoman EmpireWestern Europe wanted to keep a balance of power
Russia humiliated, built up military and industryRealized how far behind Russia was
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Alexander 2nd
Nicholas 2nd Reforms
Abolished SerfdomModernized RussiaZemstvo gave power to peasants October Manifesto civil rights
Revolution of 1905Bloody Sunday massacrePolish and Ukrainian uprisingHumiliating defeat to Japan
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Had many changes of power in the 1800’sNapoleon III
Tried to rebuild France from Napoleonic WarsInvested heavily in railroads and construction
and banksExpansion of industryRebuilt ParisTimes of Prosperity
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Third RepublicAdolphe Thiers
Led the national assemblyNational Assembly
France’s ParliamentStabilized France until World War 1
Paris Commune in 1871 Formed after defeat to Prussia
Unrest in Paris lead to an attempted change of government
Crushed by the National Assembly
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AfricaControlled large portions of AfricaUsed Social Darwinism as a moral excuse to
colonize AfricaAsia
Conquered Vietnam, Laos, and CambodiaInfluence in ChinaNatives Treated poorly
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Weakening EmpireIsabella 2 became constitutional monarch 1833
Many South American revolutions in the 1800’s
Loss of many Spanish ColoniesMexico gained independence
Unstable, but able to keep power until after WW1
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King LeopoldColonized Congo in 1884
Large amounts of RubberTreated Natives very poorCruel and harsh punishments
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1862 Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm 1 created a unified German StateMilitary expansion and German unification
Wars with Austria and FranceAustro-Prussian War 1866
7 week warPrussia dominated
Franco Prussian War 1870-1871France didn’t want a unified GermanyPrussia beat France, uniting the German states
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Colonized parts of Central AfricaSecure trade routes and raw materialsScramble to colonize Africa
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Revolution of 1848Kingdom of Sardinia Defeated Austria and
gained independenceCounter Revolution 1849
Austria re conquered ItalyDefeated the Kingdom of Sardinia
Giuseppe GarbaldiCreated a unified Italy in 1860Red Shirts
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Austro-Sardinian War (1866-1867)Second Italian War of Independence
France and Sardinia against the Austrian Empire
Camillo Benso, Count of CavourKnew Italian Unification was impossible
without alliesItalian Unification 1860
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Controlled parts of central EuropeThroughout the 1850’s, Hungarian and
German revoltsEthnic groups wanted their own nationsCzechs, Poles, Slavs all wanted independenceAustrian empire weakened by nationalism
Other nations made stronger
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European nations wanted to spread Christianity to their colonies in Africa and AsiaMissionaries sent all over the worldUsed as a reason to invade and conquer the
native peopleEngland spread Anglican churchFrance spread Catholicism
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Advances in Ship buildingFaster, stronger ships Standardized cannon shot
Rifling Made guns much more accurate
Iron and SteelImproved industry and railroads
Coal miningBurning coal fueled the factories
Machine Guns
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Impressionism and RealismSmall, thin brush strokesObjective, unemotional worksPortrayed ordinary, working class peopleHumble, simple outlookGustave Courbet
Lead realism movement Burial at Ornans
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA