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IntegumentaryIntegumentary SystemSystem

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IntegumentaryIntegumentary SystemSystem

Heaviest organ 16% of body weightHeaviest organ 16% of body weight

1.21.2--2.3 m2.3 m22

Consists of epidermis of ectodermalConsists of epidermis of ectodermalorigin, dermis of mesodermal in originorigin, dermis of mesodermal in originand hypodermisand hypodermis

Thick skin and thin skinThick skin and thin skin

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FunctionsFunctions

MelaninMelanin

Vit DVit D33 Finger printsFinger prints

Sweat glandsSweat glands

Sebaceous glandsSebaceous glands

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EpidermisEpidermis

Consists ofstratified squamous epitheliumConsists ofstratified squamous epithelium

Three types ofcellsThree types ofcells embededembeded inbetweeninbetween

Melano

cytesMelano

cytesLangerhansLangerhans

MerckelMerckel

All epidermal cells are called keratinocytesAll epidermal cells are called keratinocytes

Thick skin e.g. hand is aboutThick skin e.g. hand is about 33--44 times thicker than thintimes thicker than thin

skin e.g. scalpskin e.g. scalp

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Layers of EpidermisLayers of Epidermis

StratumStratum basalebasale

StratumStratum spinosumspinosum

StratumStratum granulosumgranulosum

StratumStratum lucidumlucidum

StratumStratum corneumcorneum

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Stratum SpinosumStratum Spinosum

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

AttachementAttachement

FilamentsFilaments

FunctionFunction

Malpighian LayerMalpighian Layer

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Stratum GranulosumStratum Granulosum

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

GranulesGranules

KeratohyalineKeratohyaline

LamellarLamellar

FilamentsFilaments

FunctionFunction

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Stratum LucidumStratum Lucidum

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

AttachementAttachement

FilamentsFilaments

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Stratum CorneumStratum Corneum

CharacteristicCharacteristic

KeratinKeratin

Horny cellsHorny cells

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MelanocytesMelanocytes

Color of the skinColor of the skin

MelaninMelanin

EumelaninEumelanin

PheomelaninPheomelanin

MelanocyteMelanocyte

Melanin formation( T,Dopa,Melanin formation( T,Dopa,Dopaquinone)Dopaquinone)

EpidermalEpidermal--melanin unitmelanin unit

Albinism and VitiligoAlbinism and Vitiligo

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DermisDermis

Connective tissue support epidermisConnective tissue support epidermisand binds it to hypodermisand binds it to hypodermis

Varies in thicknessVaries in thickness Dermal papillaeDermal papillae

Epidermal ridgesEpidermal ridges

Basement membraneBasement membrane

Basal laminaBasal lamina

Lamina reticularisLamina reticularis

Pemphigus and Bullous PimphigoidPemphigus and Bullous Pimphigoid

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Layers of DermisLayers of Dermis

Papillary layerPapillary layer

Reticular layerReticular layer

Anchoring fibrilsAnchoring fibrils

Elastic fibersElastic fibers

ElauninElaunin

OxytalanOxytalan

MechanoreceptorsMechanoreceptorsMiessnersMiessners

PacinianPacinian

RuffiniRuffini

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Epidermal DerivativesEpidermal Derivatives

Hair folliclesHair follicles

Sweat glandsSweat glands

Sebaceous glandsSebaceous glands

NailsNails

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Hair FollicleHair Follicle

DistributionDistribution

ConcentrationConcentration

Growth and restGrowth and rest

StructureStructure

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NailsNails

Nail grooveNail groove

Nail rootNail root

Nail matrixNail matrix Nail plateNail plate

Nail bedNail bed

EponychiumEponychium

HyponychiumHyponychium

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Sebaceous glandSebaceous gland

DistributionDistribution

ConcentratinConcentratin

StructuctureStructucture

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Sweat GlandSweat Gland

DistributionDistribution

StructureStructure

TypesTypes

AnhydrosisAnhydrosis

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BurnsBurns

FirstFirst--degree (superficial) burnsdegree (superficial) burns

SecondSecond--degree (partial thickness)degree (partial thickness)burnsburns

ThirdThird--degree (full thickness) burnsdegree (full thickness) burns

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Rule of NinesRule of Nines

9

18 189

9 9

9 9

9

1

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Modified Lund and Browder chartModified Lund and Browder chartChartChart for Estimating Area of Burnsfor Estimating Area of Burns Birth toBirth to11 year,year, 11 toto 44 years,years, 55 toto 99

years,years, 1010 toto 1414 years,years, 1515 years, Adultyears, Adult,, 22nd*nd*33rd*TBSArd*TBSA

HeadHead 19 17 13 11 9 719 17 13 11 9 7 NeckNeck 2 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2

Anterior trunkAnterior trunk 13 13 13 13 13 1313 13 13 13 13 13 Posterior trunkPosterior trunk 13 13 13 13 13 1313 13 13 13 13 13

Right buttockRight buttock 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55 LeftLeft buttockbuttock 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55

GenitaliaGenitalia 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1Right upperRight upper armarm 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4 Left upper armLeft upper arm 4 4 4 4 4 44 4 4 4 4 4

Right lowerRight lower armarm 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3 Left lower armLeft lower arm 3 3 3 3 3 33 3 3 3 3 3

Right handRight hand 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55 Left handLeft hand 22..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..5 25 2..55

Right thighRight thigh 55..5 65 6..5 8 85 8 8..5 9 95 9 9..55 Left thighLeft thigh 55..5 65 6..5 8 85 8 8..5 9 95 9 9..55

Right legRight leg 5 5 55 5 5..5 6 65 6 6..5 75 7 Left legLeft leg 5 5 55 5 5..5 6 65 6 6..5 75 7Right footRight foot33..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..55 Left footLeft foot33..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..5 35 3..55

Total:Total:

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7 2

13 13

2.52.51

4 4

3 32.5 2.5

9.59.5

77

3.53.5

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AreaBirth to1year

1 to 4years

5 to 9years

10 to 14years

15years

Adult

2nd*

3r

d*

TBSA

Head 19 17 13 11 9 7

Neck 2 2 2 2 2 2

Anteriortrunk

13 13 13 13 13 13

Posteriortrunk

13 13 13 13 13 13

Rightbuttock

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Left buttock 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Genitalia 1 1 1 1 1 1

Right upperarm

4 4 4 4 4 4

Left upperarm

4 4 4 4 4 4

Right lowerarm

3 3 3 3 3 3

Left lower

arm3 3 3 3 3 3

Right hand 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Left hand 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5

Right thigh 5.5 6.5 8 8.5 9 9.5

Left thigh 5.5 6.5 8 8.5 9 9.5

Right leg 5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

Left leg 5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7

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