18. Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions - GPO · Division Province Section Great Plains ......
Transcript of 18. Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions - GPO · Division Province Section Great Plains ......
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18. Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions
Geologic termsFor capitalization, compounding, and use of quotations in geologic terms, copy is to be followed. Geologic terms quoted verbatim from published ma-terial should be left as the original author used them; however, it should be made clear that the usage is that of the original author.Formal geologic terms are capitalized: Proterozoic Eon, Cambrian Period. Structural terms such as arch, anticline, or uplift are capitalized when pre-ceded by a name: Cincinnati Arch, Cedar Creek Anticline, Ozark Uplift . See Chapter 4 geographic terms for more information.
Divisions of Geologic Time[Most recent to oldest]
Eon Era Period
Phanerozoic ................ Cenozoic ............................ Quarternary. Tertiary (Neogene, Paleogene). Mesozoic........................... Cretaceous. Jurassic. Triassic. Paleozoic .......................... Permian. Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian, Mississippian). Devonian. Silurian. Ordovician. Cambrian.Proterozoic ................. Neoproterozoic ............... Ediacaran. Cryogenian. Tonian. Mesoproterozoic ............. Stenian. Ectasian. Calymmian. Paleoproterozoic ............. Statherian. Orosirian. Rhyacian. Siderian.Archean ....................... Neoarchean. Mesoarchean. Paleoarchean. Eoarchean.Hadean.
Source: Information courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey; for graphic see http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2007/3015/fs2007-3015.pdf.
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Physiographic regionsPhysiographic regions are based on terrain texture, rock type, and geologic structure and history. Th e classifi cation system has three tiers: divisions, which are broken into provinces, and some provinces break further into sec-tions. All names are capitalized, not the class; for graphic see http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html.
Physiographic Regions of the Lower 48 United States
Division Province Section
Laurentian Upland ...................... Superior Upland.Atlantic Plain ................................ Continental Shelf. Coastal Plain .................................. Embayed. Sea Island. Floridian. East Gulf Coastal Plain. Mississippi Alluvial Plain. West Gulf Coastal Plain.Appalachian Highlands ............. Piedmont ....................................... Piedmont Upland. Piedmont Lowlands. Blue Ridge ...................................... Northern. Southern. Valley and Ridge ........................... Tennessee. Middle. Hudson Valley. St. Lawrence Valley ...................... Champlain. Northern. Appalachian Plateaus .................. Mohawk. Catskill. Southern New York. Allegheny Mountain. Kanawha. Cumberland Plateau. Cumberland Mountain. New England ................................. Seaboard Lowland. New England Upland. White Mountain. Green Mountain. Taconic. Adirondack.Interior Plains ............................... Interior Low Plateaus ................... Highland Rim. Lexington Plain. Nashville Basin. Central Lowland ........................... Eastern Lake. Western Lake. Wisconsin Drift less. Till Plains. Dissected Till Plains. Osage Plains.
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Division Province Section
Great Plains .................................... Missouri Plateau, glaciated. Missouri Plateau, unglaciated. Black Hills. High Plains. Plains Border. Colorado Piedmont. Raton. Pecos Valley. Edwards Plateau. Central Texas.Interior Highlands ....................... Ozark Plateaus............................... Springfi eld-Salem Plateaus. Boston “Mountains.” Ouachita ......................................... Arkansas Valley. Ouachita Mountains.Rocky Mountain System ............ Southern Rocky Mountains. Wyoming Basin. Middle Rocky Mountains. Northern Rocky Mountains.Intermontane Plateaus ............... Columbia Plateau ........................ Walla Walla Plateau. Blue Mountain. Payette. Snake River Plain. Harney. Colorado Plateaus ........................ High Plateaus of Utah. Uinta Basin. Canyon Lands. Navajo. Grand Canyon. Datil. Basin and Range ........................... Great Basin. Sonoran Desert. Salton Trough. Mexican Highland. Sacramento.Pacifi c Mountain System ............ Cascade-Sierra Mountains ......... Northern Cascade Mountains. Middle Cascade Mountains. Southern Cascade Mountains. Sierra Nevada. Pacifi c Border ................................ Puget Trough. Olympic Mountains. Oregon Coast Range. Klamath Mountains. California Trough. California Coast Ranges. Los Angeles Ranges. Lower California.
Source: Information courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.
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Geographic divisions Th e Public Land Survey System has a hierarchy of lines. Principal merid-ians and base lines and their related townships, sections, and subdivisions of sections are incorporated in the description of land conveyed by the Federal Government and others.
The Principal Meridians and Base Lines of the United States 1
Black Hills Meridian and Base Line. (South Dakota)Boise Meridian and Base Line. (Idaho)Chickasaw Meridian and Base Line. (Mississippi-Tennessee)Choctaw Meridian and Base Line. (Mississippi)Cimarron Meridian and Base Line. (Oklahoma)Copper River Meridian and Base Line. (Alaska)Fairbanks Meridian and Base Line. (Alaska)Fift h Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Arkansas-Iowa-Minnesota-Missouri- North Dakota-South Dakota)First Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Ohio-Indiana)Fourth Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Illinois)Fourth Principal Meridian and Base Line Wisconsin. (Minnesota-Wisconsin)Gila and Salt River Meridian and Base Line. (Arizona)Humboldt Meridian and Base Line. (California)Huntsville Meridian and Base Line. (Alabama-Mississippi)Indian Meridian and Base Line. (Oklahoma)Kateel River Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Alaska)Louisiana Meridian and Base Line. (Louisiana-Texas)Michigan Meridian and Base Line. (Michigan-Ohio)Mount Diablo Meridian and Base Line. (California-Nevada)Navajo Meridian and Base Line. (Arizona- New Mexico)
New Mexico Principal Meridian and Base Line. (New Mexico-Colorado)Point of Beginning and Geographer’s Line. (Ohio)Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Montana)Salt Lake Meridian and Base Line. (Utah)San Bernardino Meridian and Base Line. (California-Nevada)Second Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Illinois-Indiana)Seward Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Alaska)Sixth Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Colorado-Kansas-Nebraska-South Dakota-Wyoming)St. Helena Meridian and Base Line. (Louisiana)St. Stephens Meridian and Base Line. (Alabama-Mississippi)Tallahassee Meridian and Base Line. (Florida)Th ird Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Illinois)Uintah Special Meridian and Base Line. (Utah)Umiat Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Alaska)Ute Principal Meridian and Base Line. (Colorado)Washington Meridian and Base Line. (Mississippi)Willamette Meridian and Base Line. (Oregon-Washington)Wind River Meridian and Base Line. (Wyoming)
1 Information courtesy of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
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Public Land Surveys Having No Initial Point as an Origin for Both Township and Range Numbers 1
Between the Miamis, north of Symmes Purchase. (Ohio)Muskingum River Survey. (Ohio)Ohio River Base. (Indiana)Ohio River Survey. (Ohio)
Scioto River Base. (Ohio)Twelve-Mile-Square Reserve. (Ohio)United States Military Survey. (Ohio)West of the Great Miami. (Ohio)
1 Information courtesy of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Sources: Manual of Instructions for the Survey of the Public Lands of the United States, Bureau of Land Management, GPO; Initial Points of the Rectangular Survey System, C. Albert White, 1996. See http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/more/cadastralsurvey.html for more information on prinicipal meridians and base lines.
Major Rivers of the World
Length Length River (in miles) River (in miles)
Nile (Africa) ............................................... 4,160 MacKenzie (Canada) .......................... 2,635Amazon (S. America) ............................... 4,000 Mekong (Vietnam) .............................. 2,600Yangtze (China) ........................................ 3,964 Niger (Africa) ....................................... 2,590Yellow (China) ........................................... 3,395 Yenisey (Russia) ................................... 2,543Ob-Irtysh (Russia) .................................... 3,362 Missouri (U.S.) ..................................... 2,540Amur (Asia) ............................................... 2,744 Parana (S. America) ............................ 2,485Lena (Russia) .............................................. 2,734 Mississippi (U.S.) ................................. 2,340Congo (Africa) ........................................... 2,718 Murray-Darling (Australia) .............. 2,310
Note.—Information compiled from numerous public domain Web sites; references cite diff erent lengths for the same river depending on origin.
Major Rivers of the United States
Length Length River (in miles) River (in miles)
Missouri ...................................................... 2,540 Ohio ......................................................... 1,310Mississippi .................................................. 2,340 Red ........................................................... 1,290Yukon .......................................................... 1,980 Brazos ...................................................... 1,280Rio Grande ................................................. 1,900 Columbia ................................................ 1,240St. Lawrence ............................................... 1,900 Snake ........................................................ 1,040Arkansas ..................................................... 1,460 Platte ........................................................ 990Colorado ..................................................... 1,450 Pecos ........................................................ 926Atchafalaya ................................................. 1,420 Canadian ................................................. 906
Source: Information courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey; see http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/riversofworld.html.
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States, capitals, and counties Th e following includes parishes, boroughs, census divisions, districts, islands, municipalities, and “municipios” of the 50 States, U.S. possessions, and territories. County totals include city counties as defi ned by the National Association of Counties. See www.naco.org for more information.
ALABAMA (AL) (67 counties)Capital: Montgomery
AutaugaBaldwinBarbourBibbBlountBullockButlerCalhounChambersCherokeeChiltonChoctawClarkeClay
CleburneCoff eeColbertConecuhCoosaCovingtonCrenshawCullmanDaleDallasDe KalbElmoreEscambiaEtowah
FayetteFranklinGenevaGreeneHaleHenryHoustonJacksonJeff ersonLamarLauderdaleLawrenceLeeLimestone
LowndesMaconMadisonMarengoMarionMarshallMobileMonroeMontgomeryMorganPerryPickensPikeRandolph
RussellSt. ClairShelbySumterTalladegaTallapoosaTuscaloosaWalkerWashingtonWilcoxWinston
ALASKA (AK) (27 entities: 16 boroughs,* 11 census areas)Capital: Juneau
Aleutians East*Aleutians WestAnchorage*BethelBristol Bay*Denali*DillinghamFairbanks North Star*Haines*
Juneau*Kenai Peninsula*Ketchikan Gateway*Kodiak Island*Lake and Peninsula*Matanuska- Susitna*Nome
North Slope*Northwest Arctic*Prince of Wales- Outer KetchikanSitka*Skagway-Hoonah- AngoonSoutheast FairbanksValdez-Cordova
Wade HamptonWrangell- PetersburgYakutat*Yukon-Koyukuk
AMERICAN SAMOA (AS) (5 entities: 2 islands,* 3 districts)Capital: Pago Pago
Eastern Manu’a Rose* Swains* Western
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ARIZONA (AZ) (15 counties)Capital: Phoenix
ApacheCochiseCoconino
GilaGrahamGreenlee
La PazMaricopaMohave
NavajoPimaPinal
Santa CruzYavapaiYuma
ARKANSAS (AR) (75 counties)Capital: Little Rock
ArkansasAshleyBaxterBentonBooneBradleyCalhounCarrollChicotClarkClayCleburneClevelandColumbiaConway
CraigheadCrawfordCrittendenCrossDallasDeshaDrewFaulknerFranklinFultonGarlandGrantGreeneHempsteadHot Spring
HowardIndependenceIzardJacksonJeff ersonJohnsonLafayetteLawrenceLeeLincolnLittle RiverLoganLonokeMadisonMarion
MillerMississippiMonroeMontgomeryNevadaNewtonOuachitaPerryPhillipsPikePoinsettPolkPopePrairiePulaski
RandolphSt. FrancisSalineScottSearcySebastianSevierSharpStoneUnionVan BurenWashingtonWhiteWoodruff Yell
CALIFORNIA (CA) (58 counties)Capital: Sacramento
AlamedaAlpineAmadorButteCalaverasColusaContra CostaDel NorteEl DoradoFresnoGlennHumboldt
Imperial InyoKernKingsLakeLassenLos AngelesMaderaMarinMariposaMendocinoMerced
ModocMonoMontereyNapaNevadaOrangePlacerPlumasRiversideSacramentoSan BenitoSan Bernardino
San DiegoSan FranciscoSan JoaquinSan Luis ObispoSan MateoSanta BarbaraSanta ClaraSanta CruzShastaSierraSiskiyou
SolanoSonomaStanislaus SutterTehamaTrinityTulareTuolumneVenturaYoloYuba
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COLORADO (CO) (64 counties)Capital: Denver
AdamsAlamosaArapahoeArchuletaBacaBentBoulderBroomfi eldChaff eeCheyenneClear CreekConejosCostilla
Crowley CusterDeltaDenverDoloresDouglasEagleEl PasoElbertFremontGarfi eldGilpinGrand
GunnisonHinsdaleHuerfanoJacksonJeff ersonKiowaKit CarsonLa PlataLakeLarimerLas AnimasLincolnLogan
MesaMineralMoff atMontezumaMontroseMorganOteroOurayParkPhillipsPitkinProwersPueblo
Rio BlancoRio GrandeRouttSaguacheSan JuanSan MiguelSedgwickSummitTellerWashingtonWeldYuma
CONNECTICUT (CT) (8 counties)Capital: Hartford
Fairfi eldHartford
Litchfi eldMiddlesex
New HavenNew London
TollandWindham
DELAWARE (DE) (3 counties)Capital: Dover
Kent New Castle Sussex
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (DC) (single entity)
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA (FM) (4 States)Capital: Palikir
Chuuk Kosrae Pohnpei Yap
FLORIDA (FL) (67 counties)Capital: Tallahassee
AlachuaBakerBayBradfordBrevardBroward
CalhounCharlotteCitrusClayCollierColumbia
De SotaDixieDuvalEscambiaFlaglerFranklin
GadsdenGilchristGladesGulfHamiltonHardee
HendryHernandoHighlandsHillsboroughHolmesIndian River
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JacksonJeff ersonLafayetteLakeLeeLeonLevyLiberty
MadisonManateeMarionMartinMiami-DadeMonroeNassauOkaloosa
OkeechobeeOrangeOsceolaPalm BeachPascoPinellas Polk
PutnamSt. JohnsSt. Lucie Santa RosaSarasotaSeminole Sumter
SuwanneeTaylorUnionVolusiaWakullaWaltonWashington
GEORGIA (GA) (159 counties)Capital: Atlanta
ApplingAtkinsonBaconBakerBaldwinBanksBarrowBartowBen HillBerrienBibbBleckleyBrantleyBrooksBryanBullochBurkeButtsCalhounCamdenCandlerCarrollCatoosaCharltonChathamChattahoocheeChattoogaCherokeeClarkeClayClaytonClinch
CobbCoff eeColquittColumbiaCookCowetaCrawfordCrispDadeDawsonDecaturDe KalbDodgeDoolyDoughertyDouglasEarlyEcholsEffi nghamElbertEmanuelEvansFanninFayetteFloydForsythFranklinFultonGilmerGlascockGlynnGordon
GradyGreeneGwinnettHabershamHallHancockHaralsonHarrisHartHeardHenryHoustonIrwinJacksonJasperJeff DavisJeff ersonJenkinsJohnsonJonesLamarLanierLaurensLeeLibertyLincolnLongLowndesLumpkinMaconMadisonMarion
McDuffi eMcIntoshMeriwetherMillerMitchellMonroeMontgomeryMorganMurrayMuscogeeNewtonOconeeOglethorpePauldingPeachPickensPiercePikePolkPulaskiPutnamQuitmanRabunRandolphRichmondRockdaleSchleyScrevenSeminoleSpaldingStephensStewart
SumterTalbotTaliaferroTattnallTaylorTelfairTerrellTh omasTift ToombsTownsTreutlenTroupTurnerTwiggsUnionUpsonWalkerWaltonWareWarrenWashingtonWayneWebsterWheelerWhiteWhitfi eldWilcoxWilkesWilkinsonWorth
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GUAM (GU) (single entity)Capital: Agana
HAWAII (HI) (4 counties)Capital: Honolulu
Hawaii Honolulu Kauai Maui
IDAHO (ID) (44 counties)Capital: Boise
AdaAdamsBannockBear LakeBenewahBinghamBlaineBoiseBonner
BonnevilleBoundaryButteCamasCanyonCaribouCassiaClarkClearwater
CusterElmoreFranklinFremontGemGoodingIdahoJeff ersonJerome
KootenaiLatahLemhiLewisLincolnMadisonMinidokaNez PerceOneida
OwyheePayettePowerShoshoneTetonTwin FallsValleyWashington
ILLINOIS (IL) (102 counties)Capital: Springfi eld
AdamsAlexanderBondBooneBrownBureauCalhounCarrollCassChampaign ChristianClarkClayClintonColesCookCrawfordCumberlandDe KalbDe Witt Douglas
DuPageEdgarEdwardsEffi nghamFayetteFordFranklinFultonGallatin GreeneGrundyHamiltonHancockHardinHendersonHenryIroquoisJacksonJasper Jeff ersonJersey
Jo DaviessJohnsonKaneKankakeeKendallKnoxLa SalleLake LawrenceLeeLivingstonLoganMaconMacoupinMadisonMarionMarshallMasonMassac McDonough
McHenryMcLeanMenardMercerMonroeMontgomeryMorgan MoultrieOglePeoriaPerryPiattPikePopePulaskiPutnamRandolphRichlandRock IslandSt. Clair
SalineSangamonSchuylerScottShelbyStarkStephensonTazewellUnionVermilion WabashWarrenWashingtonWayneWhiteWhitesideWillWilliamsonWinnebagoWoodford
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INDIANA (IN) (92 counties)Capital: Indianapolis
AdamsAllenBartholomewBentonBlackfordBooneBrownCarrollCassClarkClayClintonCrawfordDaviessDe KalbDearbornDecaturDelawareDubois
Elkhart FayetteFloydFountainFranklinFultonGibsonGrantGreeneHamiltonHancockHarrisonHendricksHenryHowardHuntingtonJacksonJasperJay
Jeff ersonJenningsJohnsonKnoxKosciuskoLa PorteLaGrangeLakeLawrenceMadisonMarionMarshallMartinMiamiMonroeMontgomeryMorganNewton
NobleOhioOrangeOwenParkePerryPikePorterPoseyPulaskiPutnamRandolphRipleyRushSt. JosephScottShelbySpencer
StarkeSteubenSullivanSwitzerlandTippecanoeTiptonUnionVanderburghVermillionVigoWabashWarrenWarrickWashingtonWayneWellsWhiteWhitley
IOWA (IA) (99 counties)Capital: Des Moines
AdairAdamsAllamakeeAppanooseAudubonBentonBlack HawkBooneBremerBuchananBuena VistaButlerCalhounCarrollCassCedarCerro Gordo
Cherokee Chickasaw ClarkeClayClaytonClintonCrawfordDallasDavisDecaturDelawareDes MoinesDickinsonDubuqueEmmetFayetteFloyd
Franklin FremontGreene GrundyGuthrieHamiltonHancockHardinHarrisonHenryHowardHumboldtIdaIowaJacksonJasperJeff erson
Johnson JonesKeokukKossuth LeeLinnLouisaLucasLyon MadisonMahaskaMarionMarshallMillsMitchellMononaMonroe
Montgomery MuscatineO’BrienOsceolaPage Palo AltoPlymouthPocahontasPolkPottawattamiePoweshiekRinggold SacScottShelbySiouxStory
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AllenAndersonAtchisonBarberBartonBourbonBrownButlerChaseChautauquaCherokeeCheyenneClarkClayCloudCoff eyComancheCowleyCrawfordDecaturDickinson
DoniphanDouglasEdwardsElkEllisEllsworthFinneyFordFranklinGearyGoveGrahamGrantGrayGreeleyGreenwoodHamiltonHarperHarveyHaskellHodgeman
JacksonJeff ersonJewellJohnsonKearnyKingmanKiowaLabetteLaneLeavenworthLincolnLinnLoganLyonMarionMarshallMcPhersonMeadeMiamiMitchellMontgomery
MorrisMortonNemahaNeoshoNessNortonOsageOsborneOttawaPawneePhillipsPottawatomiePrattRawlinsRenoRepublicRiceRileyRooksRushRussell
SalineScottSedgwickSewardShawneeSheridanShermanSmithStaff ordStantonStevensSumnerTh omasTregoWabaunseeWallaceWashingtonWichitaWilsonWoodsonWyandotte
AdairAllenAndersonBallardBarrenBathBellBooneBourbon
BoydBoyleBrackenBreathittBreckinridgeBullittButlerCaldwellCalloway
CampbellCarlisleCarrollCarterCaseyChristianClarkClayClinton
CrittendenCumberlandDaviessEdmonsonElliottEstillFayetteFlemingFloyd
FranklinFultonGallatinGarrardGrantGravesGraysonGreenGreenup
Tama TaylorUnion
Van BurenWapelloWarren
WashingtonWayneWebster
WinnebagoWinneshiekWoodbury
WorthWright
KANSAS (KS) (105 counties)Capital: Topeka
KENTUCKY (KY) (120 counties)Capital: Frankfort
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LOUISIANA (LA) (64 parishes)Capital: Baton Rouge
AcadiaAllenAscensionAssumptionAvoyellesBeauregardBienvilleBossierCaddoCalcasieuCaldwellCameronCatahoulaClaiborne
ConcordiaDe SotoEast Baton RougeEast CarrollEast FelicianaEvangelineFranklinGrantIberiaIbervilleJacksonJeff ersonJeff erson Davis
La SalleLafayetteLafourcheLincolnLivingstonMadisonMorehouseNatchitochesOrleansOuachitaPlaqueminesPointe CoupeeRapides
Red River RichlandSabineSt. BernardSt. CharlesSt. HelenaSt. JamesSt. John the BaptistSt. LandrySt. MartinSt. MarySt. Tammany
TangipahoaTensas TerrebonneUnionVermilionVernonWashingtonWebsterWest Baton RougeWest CarrollWest FelicianaWinn
MAINE (ME) (16 counties)Capital: Augusta
HancockHardinHarlanHarrisonHartHendersonHenryHickmanHopkinsJacksonJeff ersonJessamineJohnsonKentonKnott
KnoxLarueLaurel LawrenceLeeLeslieLetcherLewisLincolnLivingstonLoganLyonMadisonMagoffi nMarion
MarshallMartinMasonMcCrackenMcCrearyMcLeanMeadeMenifeeMercerMetcalfeMonroeMontgomery MorganMuhlenbergNelson
NicholasOhioOldhamOwenOwsleyPendletonPerryPikePowellPulaskiRobertsonRockcastleRowanRussellScott
ShelbySimpsonSpencerTaylorToddTriggTrimbleUnionWarrenWashingtonWayneWebsterWhitleyWolfeWoodford
AndroscogginAroostookCumberlandFranklin
HancockKennebecKnox
LincolnOxfordPenobscot
PiscataquisSagadahocSomerset
WaldoWashingtonYork
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AlconaAlgerAlleganAlpenaAntrimArenacBaragaBarryBayBenzieBerrienBranch Calhoun
CassCharlevoixCheboyganChippewaClareClintonCrawfordDeltaDickinsonEatonEmmetGeneseeGladwin
GogebicGrand TraverseGratiotHillsdaleHoughtonHuronInghamIoniaIoscoIronIsabellaJackson
KalamazooKalkaskaKentKeweenawLakeLapeerLeelanauLenaweeLivingstonLuceMackinacMacombManistee
MarquetteMasonMecostaMenomineeMidlandMissaukeeMonroeMontcalmMontmorencyMuskegonNewaygoOaklandOceana
MARSHALL ISLANDS (MH) (33 municipalities)Capital: Majuro
AilinginaeAilinglaplapAilukArnoAurBikarBikini
BokakEbonEnewetakErikubJabatJaluitJemo
KiliKwajaleinLaeLibLikiepMajuroMaloelap
MejitMiliNamorikNamuRongelapRongrik
TokeUjaeUjelangUtirikWothoWotje
MARYLAND (MD) (24 counties)Capital: Annapolis
AlleganyAnne ArundelBaltimoreBaltimore CityCalvert
CarolineCarrollCecilCharlesDorchester
FrederickGarrettHarfordHowardKent
MontgomeryPrince George’sQueen Anne’sSt. Mary’sSomerset
TalbotWashingtonWicomicoWorcester
MASSACHUSETTS (MA) (14 counties)Capital: Boston
BarnstableBerkshireBristol
DukesEssexFranklin
HampdenHampshireMiddlesex
NantucketNorfolkPlymouth
Suff olkWorcester
MICHIGAN (MI) (83 counties)Capital: Lansing
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OgemawOntonagonOsceola Oscoda
Otsego OttawaPresque IsleRoscommon
Saginaw St. ClairSt. JosephSanilac
Schoolcraft ShiawasseeTuscolaVan Buren
WashtenawWayneWexford
AitkinAnokaBeckerBeltramiBentonBig StoneBlue EarthBrownCarltonCarverCassChippewaChisagoClayClearwaterCookCottonwoodCrow Wing
DakotaDodgeDouglasFaribaultFillmoreFreebornGoodhueGrantHennepinHoustonHubbardIsantiItascaJacksonKanabecKandiyohiKittsonKoochiching
Lac qui ParleLakeLake of the WoodsLe SueurLincolnLyonMahnomenMarshallMartinMcLeodMeekerMille LacsMorrisonMowerMurrayNicolletNobles
NormanOlmstedOtter TailPenningtonPinePipestonePolkPopeRamseyRed LakeRedwoodRenvilleRiceRockRoseauSt. LouisScottSherburne
SibleyStearnsSteeleStevensSwift ToddTraverseWabashaWadenaWasecaWashingtonWatonwanWilkinWinonaWrightYellow Medicine
AdamsAlcornAmiteAttalaBentonBolivarCalhounCarrollChickasawChoctawClaiborneClarke
ClayCoahomaCopiahCovingtonDeSotoForrestFranklinGeorgeGreeneGrenadaHancockHarrison
HindsHolmesHumphreysIssaquenaItawambaJacksonJasperJeff ersonJeff erson DavisJonesKemperLafayette
LamarLauderdaleLawrenceLeakeLeeLefl oreLincolnLowndesMadisonMarionMarshallMonroe
MontgomeryNeshobaNewtonNoxubeeOktibbehaPanolaPearl RiverPerryPikePontotocPrentissQuitman
MISSISSIPPI (MS) (82 counties)Capital: Jackson
MINNESOTA (MN) (87 counties)Capital: St. Paul
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MISSOURI (MO) (115 counties)Capital: Jefferson City
AdairAndrewAtchisonAudrainBarryBartonBatesBentonBollingerBooneBuchananButlerCaldwellCallawayCamdenCape GirardeauCarrollCarterCassCedarCharitonChristianClark
ClayClinton ColeCooperCrawfordDadeDallasDaviessDeKalbDentDouglasDunklinFranklinGasconadeGentryGreeneGrundyHarrisonHenryHickoryHoltHowardHowell
IronJacksonJasperJeff ersonJohnsonKnoxLacledeLafayetteLawrenceLewisLincolnLinnLivingstonMaconMadisonMariesMarionMcDonaldMercerMillerMississippiMoniteauMonroe
Montgomery MorganNew MadridNewtonNodawayOregonOsageOzarkPemiscotPerryPettisPhelpsPikePlattePolkPulaskiPutnamRallsRandolphRayReynoldsRipleySt. Charles
St. ClairSt. FrancoisSt. LouisSt. Louis CitySte. GenevieveSalineSchuylerScotlandScottShannonShelbyStoddardStoneSullivanTaneyTexasVernonWarrenWashingtonWayneWebsterWorthWright
RankinScottSharkeySimpsonSmith
StoneSunfl owerTallahatchieTateTippah
TishomingoTunicaUnionWalthall
WarrenWashingtonWayneWebster
WilkinsonWinstonYalobushaYazoo
BeaverheadBig HornBlaine
BroadwaterCarbonCarter
CascadeChouteauCuster
DanielsDawsonDeer Lodge
FallonFergusFlathead
MONTANA (MT) (56 counties)Capital: Helena
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GallatinGarfi eldGlacierGolden ValleyGraniteHill Jeff ersonJudith BasinLake
Lewis and Clark LibertyLincolnMadisonMcConeMeagher MineralMissoula
MusselshellParkPetroleumPhillipsPonderaPowder RiverPowell Prairie
RavalliRichlandRooseveltRosebudSandersSheridanSilver BowStillwater
Sweet GrassTetonTooleTreasureValleyWheatlandWibauxYellowstone
NEBRASKA (NE) (93 counties)Capital: Lincoln
AdamsAntelopeArthurBannerBlaineBooneBox ButteBoydBrownBuff aloBurtButlerCassCedarChaseCherryCheyenneClayColfax
CumingCusterDakotaDawesDawsonDeuelDixonDodgeDouglasDundyFillmoreFranklinFrontierFurnasGageGardenGarfi eldGosperGrant
GreeleyHallHamiltonHarlanHayesHitchcockHoltHookerHowardJeff ersonJohnsonKearneyKeithKeya PahaKimballKnoxLancasterLincolnLogan
LoupMadisonMcPhersonMerrickMorrillNanceNemahaNuckollsOtoePawneePerkinsPhelpsPiercePlattePolkRed WillowRichardsonRockSaline
SarpySaundersScotts Bluff SewardSheridanShermanSiouxStantonTh ayerTh omasTh urstonValleyWashingtonWayneWebsterWheelerYork
NEVADA (NV) (17 counties)Capital: Carson City
Carson CityChurchillClarkDouglas
ElkoEsmeraldaEurekaHumboldt
LanderLincolnLyon
MineralNyePershing
StoreyWashoeWhite Pine
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BelknapCarroll
CheshireCoos
Graft onHillsborough
MerrimackRockingham
Straff ordSullivan
NEW JERSEY (NJ) (21 counties)Capital: Trenton
AtlanticBergenBurlingtonCamdenCape May
CumberlandEssexGloucesterHudson
HunterdonMercerMiddlesexMonmouth
MorrisOceanPassaicSalem
SomersetSussexUnionWarren
NEW MEXICO (NM) (33 counties)Capital: Santa Fe
BernalilloCatronChavesCibolaColfaxCurryDe Baca
Dona AnaEddyGrantGuadalupeHardingHidalgoLea
LincolnLos AlamosLunaMcKinleyMoraOteroQuay
Rio ArribaRooseveltSan JuanSan MiguelSandovalSanta Fe
SierraSocorroTaosTorranceUnionValencia
NEW YORK (NY) (62 counties)Capital: Albany
AlbanyAlleganyBronxBroomeCattaraugusCayugaChautauquaChemungChenangoClintonColumbiaCortlandDelaware
DutchessErieEssexFranklinFultonGeneseeGreeneHamiltonHerkimerJeff ersonKingsLewisLivingston
Madison MonroeMontgomeryNassauNew YorkNiagaraOneidaOnondagaOntarioOrangeOrleansOswego
OtsegoPutnamQueensRensselaerRichmondRocklandSt. LawrenceSaratogaSchenectadySchoharieSchuylerSeneca
SteubenSuff olkSullivanTiogaTompkinsUlsterWarrenWashingtonWayneWestchesterWyomingYates
NEW HAMPSHIRE (NH) (10 counties)Capital: Concord
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Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions 361
NORTH CAROLINA (NC) (100 counties)Capital: Raleigh
AlamanceAlexanderAlleghanyAnsonAsheAveryBeaufortBertieBladenBrunswickBuncombeBurkeCabarrusCaldwellCamdenCarteretCaswellCatawbaChathamCherokee
ChowanClayClevelandColumbusCravenCumberlandCurrituckDareDavidsonDavieDuplinDurhamEdgecombeForsythFranklinGastonGatesGrahamGranvilleGreene
GuilfordHalifaxHarnettHaywood HendersonHertfordHokeHydeIredellJacksonJohnstonJonesLeeLenoirLincolnMaconMadisonMartinMcDowellMecklenburg
MitchellMontgomeryMooreNashNew HanoverNorthampton OnslowOrangePamlicoPasquotankPenderPerquimansPersonPittPolkRandolphRichmondRobesonRockinghamRowan
RutherfordSampsonScotlandStanlyStokesSurrySwainTransylvaniaTyrrellUnionVanceWakeWarrenWashingtonWataugaWayneWilkesWilsonYadkinYancey
NORTH DAKOTA (ND) (53 counties)Capital: Bismarck
AdamsBarnesBensonBillingsBottineauBowmanBurkeBurleighCassCavalierDickey
DivideDunnEddyEmmonsFosterGolden ValleyGrand ForksGrantGriggsHettingerKidder
LaMoureLoganMcHenryMcIntoshMcKenzieMcLeanMercerMortonMountrailNelsonOliver
PembinaPierceRamsey RansomRenvilleRichlandRoletteSargentSheridanSiouxSlope
StarkSteele StutsmanTownerTraillWalshWardWellsWilliams
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS (MP) (4 municipalities)Capital: Saipan
Northern Islands Rota Saipan Tinian
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OKLAHOMA (OK) (77 counties)Capital: Oklahoma City
AdairAlfalfaAtokaBeaverBeckhamBlaineBryanCaddoCanadianCarterCherokeeChoctawCimarronCleveland
CoalComanche CottonCraigCreekCusterDelawareDeweyEllisGarfi eldGarvinGradyGrantGreer
HarmonHarperHaskellHughesJacksonJeff ersonJohnston KayKingfi sherKiowaLatimerLe FloreLincolnLogan
LoveMajorMarshallMayesMcClainMcCurtainMcIntoshMurrayMuskogeeNobleNowataOkfuskeeOklahomaOkmulgee
OsageOttawaPawneePaynePittsburgPontotocPottawatomiePushmatahaRoger MillsRogersSeminoleSequoyahStephensTexas
OHIO (OH) (88 counties)Capital: Columbus
AdamsAllenAshlandAshtabulaAthensAuglaizeBelmontBrownButlerCarrollChampaignClarkClermontClintonColumbianaCoshoctonCrawfordCuyahoga
DarkeDefi ance DelawareErieFairfi eldFayetteFranklinFultonGalliaGeaugaGreeneGuernseyHamiltonHancockHardinHarrisonHenryHighland
HockingHolmesHuronJackson Jeff ersonKnoxLakeLawrenceLickingLoganLorainLucasMadisonMahoningMarionMedinaMeigsMercer
MiamiMonroeMontgomeryMorganMorrowMuskingum NobleOttawaPauldingPerryPickawayPikePortagePreblePutnamRichlandRoss
Sandusky SciotoSenecaShelbyStarkSummitTrumbullTuscarawasUnion Van WertVintonWarrenWashingtonWayneWilliamsWoodWyandot
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Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions 363
OREGON (OR) (36 counties)Capital: Salem
BakerBentonClackamasClatsopColumbiaCoosCrookCurry
DeschutesDouglasGilliamGrantHarneyHood RiverJackson
Jeff ersonJosephineKlamathLakeLaneLincolnLinn
MalheurMarionMorrowMultnomahPolkShermanTillamook
UmatillaUnionWallowa WascoWashingtonWheelerYamhill
PALAU (PW) (16 States)Capital: Melekeok
AimeliikAiraiAngaurHatohobei
KayangelKororMelekeok
NgaraardNgarchelongNgardmau
NgatpangNgchesarNgeremlengui
NgiwalPeleliuSonsorol
PENNSYLVANIA (PA) (67 counties)Capital: Harrisburg
AdamsAlleghenyArmstrongBeaverBedfordBerksBlairBradfordBucksButlerCambriaCameronCarbonCentre
ChesterClarionClearfi eldClintonColumbiaCrawfordCumberlandDauphinDelawareElkErieFayetteForestFranklin
FultonGreeneHuntingdonIndianaJeff ersonJuniataLackawannaLancasterLawrenceLebanonLehighLuzerneLycoming
McKeanMercerMiffl inMonroeMontgomeryMontourNorthamptonNorthumberlandPerryPhiladelphiaPikePotterSchuylkill
SnyderSomersetSullivanSusquehannaTiogaUnionVenangoWarrenWashingtonWayneWestmorelandWyomingYork
TillmanTulsa
WagonerWashington
Washita Woods Woodward
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PUERTO RICO (PR) (78 municipios)Capital: San Juan
AdjuntasAguadaAguadillaAguas BuenasAibonitoAñascoAreciboArroyoBarcelonetaBarranquitasBayamónCabo RojoCaguasCamuyCanóvanasCarolina
CatañoCayeyCeibaCialesCidraCoamoComeríoCorozalCulebraDoradoFajardoFloridaGuánicaGuayamaGuayanillaGuaynabo
GuraboHatilloHormiguerosHumacaoIsabelaJayuyaJuana DíazJuncosLajasLaresLas MaríasLas PiedrasLoízaLuquilloManatíMaricao
MaunaboMayagüezMocaMorovisNaguaboNaranjitoOrocovisPatillasPeñuelasPonceQuebradillasRincónRío GrandeSabana GrandeSalinas
San Germán San JuanSan LorenzoSan SebastiánSanta IsabelToa AltaToa BajaTrujillo AltoUtuadoVega AltaVega BajaViequesVillalbaYabucoaYauco
RHODE ISLAND (RI) (5 counties)Capital: Providence
Bristol Kent Newport Providence Washington
SOUTH CAROLINA (SC) (46 counties)Capital: Columbia
AbbevilleAikenAllendaleAndersonBambergBarnwellBeaufortBerkeleyCalhounCharleston
CherokeeChesterChesterfi eldClarendonColletonDarlingtonDillonDorchesterEdgefi eld
Fairfi eldFlorenceGeorgetownGreenvilleGreenwoodHamptonHorryJasperKershaw
LancasterLaurensLeeLexingtonMarionMarlboroMcCormickNewberryOconee
OrangeburgPickensRichlandSaludaSpartanburgSumterUnionWilliamsburgYork
AuroraBeadle
BennettBon Homme
BrookingsBrown
BruleBuff alo
ButteCampbell
SOUTH DAKOTA (SD) (66 counties)Capital: Pierre
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Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions 365
Charles MixClarkClayCodingtonCorsonCusterDavisonDayDeuelDeweyDouglasEdmunds
Fall RiverFaulkGrantGregoryHaakonHamlinHandHansonHardingHughesHutchinson
Hyde JacksonJerauldJonesKingsburyLakeLawrenceLincolnLymanMarshallMcCook
McPhersonMeadeMelletteMinerMinnehahaMoodyPenningtonPerkinsPotterRobertsSanborn
ShannonSpinkStanleySullyToddTrippTurnerUnionWalworthYanktonZiebach
TENNESSEE (TN) (95 counties)Capital: Nashville
AndersonBedfordBentonBledsoeBlountBradley CampbellCannonCarroll CarterCheathamChester ClaiborneClayCocke Coff eeCrockettCumberlandDavidson
Decatur DeKalb DicksonDyerFayetteFentressFranklinGibsonGilesGraingerGreeneGrundyHamblenHamiltonHancockHardemanHardinHawkinsHaywood
HendersonHenryHickmanHoustonHumphreysJackson Jeff ersonJohnsonKnoxLakeLauderdaleLawrenceLewisLincolnLoudonMaconMadisonMarionMarshall
MauryMcMinnMcNairyMeigsMonroeMontgomeryMooreMorganObionOvertonPerryPickettPolkPutnamRheaRoaneRobertsonRutherfordScott
SequatchieSevierShelbySmithStewartSullivanSumnerTiptonTrousdaleUnicoiUnionVan Buren WarrenWashingtonWayneWeakleyWhiteWilliamsonWilson
TEXAS (TX) (254 counties)Capital: Austin
AndersonAndrewsAngelinaAransas
ArcherArmstrongAtascosaAustin
BaileyBanderaBastropBaylor
BeeBellBexarBlanco
BordenBosqueBowieBrazoria
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366 Chapter 18
BrazosBrewsterBriscoeBrooksBrownBurlesonBurnetCaldwellCalhounCallahanCameronCampCarsonCassCastroChambersCherokeeChildressClayCochranCokeColemanCollinCollingsworthColoradoComalComancheConchoCookeCoryellCottleCraneCrockettCrosbyCulbersonDallamDallasDawsonDeaf SmithDeltaDentonDeWittDickens
DimmitDonleyDuvalEastlandEctorEdwardsEl PasoEllisErathFallsFanninFayetteFisherFloydFoardFort BendFranklinFreestoneFrioGainesGalvestonGarzaGillespieGlasscockGoliadGonzalesGrayGraysonGreggGrimesGuadalupeHaleHallHamiltonHansfordHardemanHardinHarrisHarrisonHartleyHaskellHaysHemphill
HendersonHidalgoHillHockleyHoodHopkinsHoustonHowardHudspethHuntHutchinsonIrionJackJacksonJasperJeff DavisJeff ersonJim HoggJim WellsJohnsonJonesKarnesKaufmanKendallKenedyKentKerrKimbleKingKinneyKlebergKnoxLa SalleLamarLambLampasasLavacaLeeLeonLibertyLimestoneLipscombLive Oak
LlanoLovingLubbockLynnMadisonMarionMartinMasonMatagordaMaverickMcCullochMcLennanMcMullenMedinaMenardMidlandMilamMillsMitchellMontagueMontgomeryMooreMorrisMotleyNacogdochesNavarroNewtonNolanNuecesOchiltreeOldhamOrangePalo PintoPanolaParkerParmerPecosPolkPotterPresidioRainsRandallReagan
RealRed RiverReevesRefugioRobertsRobertsonRockwallRunnelsRuskSabineSan AugustineSan JacintoSan PatricioSan SabaSchleicherScurryShackelfordShelbyShermanSmithSomervellStarrStephensSterlingStonewallSuttonSwisherTarrantTaylorTerrellTerryTh rockmortonTitusTom GreenTravisTrinityTylerUpshurUptonUvaldeVal VerdeVan ZandtVictoria
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Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions 367
WalkerWallerWardWashington
WebbWhartonWheelerWichita
WilbargerWillacyWilliamsonWilson
WinklerWiseWoodYoakum
YoungZapataZavala
UTAH (UT) (29 counties)Capital: Salt Lake City
BeaverBox ElderCacheCarbonDaggettDavis
DuchesneEmeryGarfi eldGrandIronJuab
KaneMillardMorganPiuteRichSalt Lake
San JuanSanpeteSevierSummitTooeleUintah
UtahWasatchWashingtonWayneWeber
VERMONT (VT) (14 counties)Capital: Montpelier
AddisonBenningtonCaledonia
ChittendenEssexFranklin
Grand IsleLamoilleOrange
OrleansRutlandWashington
WindhamWindsor
VIRGIN ISLANDS (VI) (3 islands)Capital: Charlotte Amalie
St. Croix St. John St. Th omas
VIRGINIA (VA) (95 counties)Capital: Richmond
AccomackAlbemarleAlleghanyAmeliaAmherstAppomattoxArlingtonAugustaBathBedfordBlandBotetourtBrunswickBuchanan
BuckinghamCampbellCarolineCarrollCharles CityCharlotteChesterfi eldClarkeCraigCulpeperCumberlandDickensonDinwiddieEssex
FairfaxFauquierFloydFluvannaFranklinFrederickGilesGloucesterGoochlandGrayson GreeneGreensvilleHalifaxHanover
HenricoHenryHighlandIsle of WightJames CityKing and QueenKing GeorgeKing WilliamLancasterLeeLoudounLouisaLunenburgMadison
MathewsMecklenburgMiddlesexMontgomeryNelsonNew KentNorthamptonNorthumberland NottowayOrangePagePatrickPittsylvaniaPowhatan
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368 Chapter 18
BarbourBerkeleyBooneBraxtonBrookeCabellCalhounClayDoddridgeFayetteGilmer
GrantGreenbrierHampshireHancockHardyHarrisonJacksonJeff ersonKanawhaLewisLincoln
LoganMarionMarshallMasonMcDowellMercerMineralMingoMonongaliaMonroeMorgan
NicholasOhioPendletonPleasantsPocahontasPrestonPutnamRaleighRandolphRitchieRoane
SummersTaylorTuckerTylerUpshurWayneWebsterWetzelWirtWoodWyoming
WISCONSIN (WI) (72 counties)Capital: Madison
AdamsAshlandBarron Bayfi eldBrownBuff aloBurnettCalumet
Chippewa ClarkColumbiaCrawfordDaneDodgeDoorDouglas
DunnEau ClaireFlorenceFond du LacForestGrantGreenGreen Lake
IowaIronJacksonJeff ersonJuneauKenoshaKewauneeLa Crosse
LafayetteLangladeLincolnManitowocMarathonMarinetteMarquetteMenominee
Prince EdwardPrince GeorgePrince WilliamPulaskiRappahannock
RichmondRoanokeRockbridgeRockinghamRussell
ScottShenandoahSmythSouthamptonSpotsylvania
Staff ordSurrySussexTazewellWarren
WashingtonWestmorelandWiseWytheYork
WASHINGTON (WA) (39 counties)Capital: Olympia
AdamsAsotinBentonChelanClallamClarkColumbiaCowlitz
DouglasFerryFranklinGarfi eldGrantGrays HarborIslandJeff erson
KingKitsapKittitasKlickitatLewisLincolnMasonOkanogan
Pacifi cPend OreillePierceSan JuanSkagitSkamaniaSnohomishSpokane
StevensTh urstonWahkiakumWalla WallaWhatcomWhitmanYakima
WEST VIRGINIA (WV) (55 counties)Capital: Charleston
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Geologic Terms and Geographic Divisions 369
MilwaukeeMonroeOcontoOneidaOutagamieOzaukeePepin
PiercePolkPortagePriceRacineRichlandRock
RuskSt. CroixSaukSawyerShawanoSheboygan
TaylorTrempealeauVernonVilasWalworthWashburn
WashingtonWaukeshaWaupacaWausharaWinnebagoWood
WYOMING (WY) (23 counties)Capital: Cheyenne
AlbanyBig HornCampbellCarbonConverse
CrookFremontGoshenHot SpringsJohnson
LaramieLincolnNatronaNiobraraPark
PlatteSheridanSubletteSweetwater
TetonUintaWashakieWeston
Common misspellingsGeographers and cartographers omit the possessive apostrophe in place-names; however, apostrophes appearing in legally constituted names of counties should not be changed.
Th e names of the following counties are oft en misspelled and/or confused:Allegany in Maryland and New YorkAlleghany in North Carolina and VirginiaAllegheny in PennsylvaniaAndrew in MissouriAndrews in TexasAransas in TexasArkansas in ArkansasBarber in KansasBarbour in Alabama and West VirginiaBrevard in FloridaBroward in FloridaBrooke in West VirginiaBrooks in Georgia and TexasBulloch in GeorgiaBullock in AlabamaBurnet in Texas
Burnett in WisconsinCheboygan in MichiganSheboygan in WisconsinClarke in Alabama, Georgia, Iowa, Mississippi, and VirginiaClark in all other StatesCoff ee in Alabama, Georgia, and TennesseeCoff ey in KansasCoal in OklahomaCole in MissouriColes in IllinoisCook in Illinois and MinnesotaCooke in TexasDavidson in North Carolina and Tennessee
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Davie in North CarolinaDaviess in Indiana, Kentucky, and MissouriDavis in Iowa and UtahDavison in South DakotaDe Kalb in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, and IndianaDeKalb in Tennessee and MissouriDickenson in VirginiaDickinson in Iowa, Kansas, and MichiganDickson in TennesseeForrest in MississippiForest in all other StatesGlascock in GeorgiaGlasscock in TexasGreen in Kentucky and WisconsinGreene in all other StatesHarford in MarylandHartford in ConnecticutHuntingdon in PennsylvaniaHuntington in IndianaJohnston in North Carolina and OklahomaJohnson in all other StatesKanabec in MinnesotaKennebec in MaineKearney in NebraskaKearny in KansasKenedy in TexasLinn in Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and OregonLynn in TexasLoudon in TennesseeLoudoun in VirginiaManatee in FloridaManistee in MichiganMerced in CaliforniaMercer in all other States
Morton in KansasNorton in KansasMuscogee in GeorgiaMuskogee in OklahomaPark in Colorado and MontanaParke in IndianaPottawatomie in Kansas and OklahomaPottawattamie in IowaPrince George in VirginiaPrince George’s in MarylandSanders in MontanaSaunders in NebraskaSmyth in VirginiaSmith in all other StatesStaff ord in VirginiaStraff ord in New HampshireStanley in South DakotaStanly in North CarolinaStark in Illinois, North Dakota, and OhioStarke in IndianaStephens in Georgia, Oklahoma, and TexasStevens in Kansas, Minnesota, and WashingtonStorey in NevadaStory in IowaTerrell in Georgia and TexasTyrrell in North CarolinaTooele in UtahToole in MontanaVermillion in IndianaVermilion in all other StatesWoods in OklahomaWood in all other StatesWyandot in OhioWyandotte in Kansas
370 Chapter 18
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