17c Dutch Global Commerce17c Dutch Global Commerce

Warm-Up

What can you learn about

Dutch Commerce from this map? Explain how you came to those conclusions.

Today’s Agenda• Warm-Up – Map Skills

• FN: The Dutch Golden Age

• Homework:– Finish Terms– Tulip Bulb Mania

• Answer the question at the end• Compare this to the “housing bubble” that

hit the U.S. in 2008, what similarities can you see? Differences?

Ms. Susan M. PojerMs. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Horace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY

TheTheNetherlandNetherland

s:s:

The The “Low“Low

Country”Country”

17c: The “Dutch” Century17c: The “Dutch” CenturyIt was a political model.It was a political model.

A RepublicA Republic

A radical attitude towards A radical attitude towards religion in the country.religion in the country.

A certain level of religious A certain level of religious toleration.toleration.

Stable, thriving economy.Stable, thriving economy.

““Golden Age” of artists and Golden Age” of artists and thinkers.thinkers. Religion and everyday life were Religion and everyday life were

recurring themes in their art.recurring themes in their art.

Dutch SocietyDutch SocietyAmsterdam, Rotterdam: Amsterdam, Rotterdam: granaries with enough granaries with enough surplus for one year.surplus for one year.

Generally higher salaries Generally higher salaries than in any other parts of W. than in any other parts of W. Europe.Europe.

Even women had higher Even women had higher wages.wages.

““Protestant work ethic.”Protestant work ethic.”

Thrift and frugality.Thrift and frugality.

Had the highest standard of Had the highest standard of living in Europe!living in Europe!

View of DoerdrechtView of DoerdrechtAelbert Cuyp, 1650sAelbert Cuyp, 1650s

Oude Kerk [Old Church], Oude Kerk [Old Church], AmsterdamAmsterdam

First built in 1300.First built in 1300.

Interior of the Oude Kerk in Interior of the Oude Kerk in AmsterdamAmsterdam - - Emmanuel De WittEmmanuel De Witt

Catholic “Hidden” ChurchCatholic “Hidden” Churchin the Attic, Amsterdam, in the Attic, Amsterdam,

1630s1630s

Interior of a Portuguese Interior of a Portuguese Synagogue in AmsterdamSynagogue in Amsterdam – –

Emmanuel De WitteEmmanuel De Witte

Portrait of an Old Jewish ManPortrait of an Old Jewish Man Rembrandt, 1654Rembrandt, 1654

Think-Pair-Share

What do the images we have just seen suggest

about the Netherlands stance on religion?

Upper-class Homes, Upper-class Homes, AmsterdamAmsterdamEarly 1600sEarly 1600s

Patrician Houses Along the Patrician Houses Along the Canal in LeidenCanal in Leiden

The Dutch EconomyThe Dutch Economy

Exported diamonds, linens, Exported diamonds, linens, pottery.pottery.

Not much inflation.Not much inflation.

Great Dutch land reclamation Great Dutch land reclamation project was accelerated project was accelerated during this time.during this time.

Masters of the Masters of the “carrying “carrying trade”trade” (lowest shipping rates (lowest shipping rates in Europe).in Europe).

Dutch East India Ship, Dutch East India Ship, mid-mid-17c17c

Return of the Dutch East Return of the Dutch East IndiaIndia

Fleet, 1599Fleet, 1599

Amsterdam Stock Market Amsterdam Stock Market (Bourse)(Bourse)

Emmanuel De Witte, 1653Emmanuel De Witte, 1653

Jewish refugees helped found it in Jewish refugees helped found it in 1602.1602.

Sampling Officials of the Sampling Officials of the Drapers GuildDrapers Guild – – Rembrandt - Rembrandt -

16621662

The Lace MakerThe Lace MakerNicolaes MaesNicolaes Maes

The Lace MakerThe Lace MakerJan VermeerJan Vermeer, 1669-1670, 1669-1670

The Account KeeperThe Account KeeperNicolaes Maes, 1656Nicolaes Maes, 1656

A Woman Holding a BalanceA Woman Holding a BalanceJan VermeerJan Vermeer, 1662, 1662

View of DelftView of DelftJan VermeerJan Vermeer, 1660-1661, 1660-1661

DutchDutchDelftwareDelftware

English English DelftwareDelftware

Dutch West IndiaDutch West IndiaCompany, Company, 16211621

NetherlanNetherlandd

AntillesAntilles

18c Delftware Tobacco Jars18c Delftware Tobacco Jars

Fort Orange Fort Orange (Albany, NY)(Albany, NY)

in New Netherlandsin New Netherlands

New Amsterdam (NYC)New Amsterdam (NYC)

Settled in 1624.Settled in 1624.

Official Flag of the NYC SealOfficial Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY. of the City of NY.

New Amsterdam (NYC)New Amsterdam (NYC)

Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.NYC.

Dutch East India Company, Dutch East India Company, 16021602

““Africa” Center PanelAfrica” Center PanelJan van der Heyden, 1664-66Jan van der Heyden, 1664-66

The Dutch in Japan, The Dutch in Japan, 18c18c

Dutch Ship in NagasakiDutch Ship in NagasakiLate 18cLate 18c

Stop and ReflectStop and Reflect

What did you notice about What did you notice about the art work? the art work?

What does this tell us about What does this tell us about the values of the Dutch?the values of the Dutch?

University of University of Leiden,Leiden,

15751575

R By 1645, it was the By 1645, it was the largest university in largest university in the Protestant world.the Protestant world.

R The separation of the The separation of the strong provinces strong provinces hindered the power hindered the power of any church to of any church to control intellectual control intellectual life in the Dutch life in the Dutch Republic!Republic!

University of Gröningen, University of Gröningen, 16141614

R Along with Along with Leiden, they Leiden, they were the first were the first international international universities.universities.

R Half of the Half of the students were students were foreigners.foreigners.

René DescartesRené Descartes

The French philosopher lived in Leiden The French philosopher lived in Leiden from 1628 to 1649.from 1628 to 1649.

Dutch Optics: The Dutch Optics: The TelescopeTelescope

Most agree that the telescope was Most agree that the telescope was invented by Hans Lippershey in invented by Hans Lippershey in

1608.1608.

Astronomical Pioneer:Astronomical Pioneer:Christiaan HuygensChristiaan Huygens

R Explanation of Saturn’s Explanation of Saturn’s rings.rings.

R Wave theory of light.Wave theory of light.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Anton van Leeuwenhoek: The Microscope & the Discovery The Microscope & the Discovery

of Micro-Organismsof Micro-Organisms

Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes TulpTulp – – Rembrandt, 1632Rembrandt, 1632

(detail) Anatomy Lecture of (detail) Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes TulpDr. Nicolaes Tulp – – Rembrandt, Rembrandt,

16321632

The Spanish Hapsburgs & EuropeThe Spanish Hapsburgs & Europe (1556)(1556)

Philip II consolidated Hapsburg landsPhilip II consolidated Hapsburg landsat the end of the 16c.at the end of the 16c.

The Spanish Netherlands:The Spanish Netherlands:Union of Utrecht, 1579Union of Utrecht, 1579

The United Provinces still recognized The United Provinces still recognized Spanish rule, but, in 1581, they declared Spanish rule, but, in 1581, they declared

their independence.their independence.

The Netherlands (1609)The Netherlands (1609)

REGENTS- provincial level- held virtually all the power- strong advocates of local independence

STADHOLDER- States General representative from each province- responsible for defense and order

STATES GENERAL- federal assembly- foreign affairs (war)- all issues had to be referred to the local Estates

The Dutch FederationThe Dutch Federation

The Night WatchThe Night Watch – – Rembrandt, Rembrandt, 16421642

Dutch Royal Palace, Dutch Royal Palace, AmsterdamAmsterdam

1648-16651648-1665

Count William II Granting Count William II Granting PrivilegesPrivileges

Cesare van Everdingen, 1654Cesare van Everdingen, 1654

R First Anglo-Dutch War: 1660-First Anglo-Dutch War: 1660-16651665

R Second Anglo-Dutch War: 1665-Second Anglo-Dutch War: 1665-16671667

R Third Anglo-Dutch War: 1674-Third Anglo-Dutch War: 1674-16781678

King William III Queen Mary IIKing William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the the Glorious Revolution. Glorious Revolution.

The Anglo-Dutch WarsThe Anglo-Dutch Wars

Economic Decline in the Economic Decline in the NetherlandsNetherlands

William III dies in 1702

he is not replaced by another strong Stadtholder

The Dutch were passed in naval supremacy by the British

fishing and trade industries decline

lost their technological superiority in ship building

only financial institutions kept the Dutch from complete insignificance