1790-1720 very strong

1610-1590,1600-1580 and1510-1490

Modif.EpoxiesPolycarbo=nates

Alkyd-,Polyesters,Cellulose=ether,PVC (plasticized)

Polyvinyl=acetate,PVC-copo=lymers

Cellulose=esterPolyure=thane

Acrylics,Polyester Phenol

derivatives,Epoxies

Polystyrenes,Arylsilicones,Aryl-alkyl=Silicone Co=polymers

Polyamides,amines

Nitrocellulosecellophan

Cellophan, Alkylcellulose,PVA, PEO

PAN, PVC,Polyvinyliden chlorid,POM

Alkylsilicone,aliphatic hy=drocarbons,Polytetra=Fluorethylene,Thiokol

1450 -1410 sharp1680 - 1630 strong

1550 - 1530

1610 –1590,1600 – 1580 and1510 - 1490

3500 - 3200

1100 - 1000

1450 - 1410 sharp840 - 820

3500 - 3200

strong

All numbers have the meaning of wave numbersand are given in cm-1

yes no

Inte

nsi

ty, arb

itra

ry u

nit

s

1/d= 2/n (1/ n = number of minima between two maxima and

wave length

3500-3200 cm-1

1790-1720 cm-1

1610-1590

1600-1580 cm-

1

1510-1490

1680-1630 cm-1 1550-1530 cm-1

Polyamid

epoxies, polycarbonate, alkyd resins, polyesters,cellulose-ether, PVCpoly(vinyl acetate), PVC-copoly., cellulose ester, PUacryl polymers

Phenol resins, epoxies, aryl polymers

1790-1720 cm-1

modified epoxides, polycarbonate, Alkyd resins, polyester, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, PVC (plast), PVAc, PVC-copolym., PU, acrylics

1610-1590 1600-1580 cm-1

1510-1490

modified epoxides, polycarbonate, Alkyd resins, polyester, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, PVC (plast)

820-840 cm-1

Modified epoxies, polycarbonate polycarbonate

?

polycarbonate

1610-15901600-1580 cm-1

1510-1490 1450-1410 cm-1

1100-1000 cm-1

typical pattern of normal PC

typical pattern of PU

C-O-C-ether region

Poly (ether urethane)

? cellulose ester or polyurethane ?

Infrared Spectroscopy: 760 nm….1mm

near infrared“quartz-infrared”

~ 10,000…4,000 cm-1

NIR

middle infrared“conventional” infrared~4,000…250 cm-1

far infrared< 250 cm-1

use of quartz cuvettes and light pipeshigher order absorptions (lower intensity)liquids can be measured in thicker layers

NIR

•Hydrogen-containing groups are dominant•Information is often implicid, coupled vibrations•Not suited for trace analysis

•Easy analysis of aqueous solutions•Process-analysis•Use of light-pipes even without cuvette (reflection)•Easy analysis of powders using diffuse reflection•Characterisation of fillers•Determination of water contents in liquids and solids

4000 cm-1…50 cm-1

fundamental vibrations4000 cm-1…400 cm-1

fundamental vibrations12500 cm-1…4000 cm-1

overtones & combinations

scattering absorption absorption

monochromatic excitation source dispersed polychromatic radiation

information from scattered radiation information from absorbed radiation

homonuclear functionalitieschanges in polarizability

polar functionalitieschanges in dipol moment

CH/OH/NHfunctionalities

high structural selectivity high structural selectivity low structural selectivity

Iraman~ c Lambert-Beer-Law Lambert-Beer-Law

no sample preparation required

no sample preparation required

sample preparation required (except ATIR)

sample volume µLsample thickness µm

sample thickness up to cm-rangesample volume µLsample thickness µm

light-fiber optics>100 m

light-fibre optics>100 mlimited

Raman MIR NIR

general pertubationmechanical, electric, electro-magnetic, chemical,…

Electro-magnetic probeIR

X-ray, UV-vis, NMR,…

Samples are exposed to external pertubations such as:

temperaturepressurestress

Resolution (the large number of) overlapping NIR bands can be enhancedand MIR and NIR correlation spectra are very useful for peak assignement