17781778

The year of the French The year of the French

Winter at Valley Forge (PA) Winter at Valley Forge (PA) ►Winter 1777-78Winter 1777-78

A time of suffering A time of suffering ►Americans lost 2,000 due to disease, lack of Americans lost 2,000 due to disease, lack of

clothing, food, etc. clothing, food, etc. ►2,000 deserters 2,000 deserters

A time of rejuvenation A time of rejuvenation ►Intense training, drillingIntense training, drilling►Foreign Blood Foreign Blood

Marquis de LafayetteMarquis de Lafayette Baron Von Steuben Baron Von Steuben

Marquis de Lafayette Marquis de Lafayette

► 20 year old, wealthy French officer 20 year old, wealthy French officer ► Inspired by the Patriot cause, he Inspired by the Patriot cause, he

volunteered for the Continental Army volunteered for the Continental Army Requested no payRequested no pay

► First arrived in June 1777, fought at Brandywine First arrived in June 1777, fought at Brandywine ► Would give $200,000 of his own to support army Would give $200,000 of his own to support army ► Would become close friends with WashingtonWould become close friends with Washington► Would be promoted to Major General and play a Would be promoted to Major General and play a

large part in the American army large part in the American army

The Baron Friedrich Wilhelm The Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von

Steuben Steuben ► Baron Von Steuben Baron Von Steuben

Spoke no English Spoke no English Supposed high ranking Supposed high ranking

Prussian officerPrussian officer Offered his services for no Offered his services for no

pay pay Demanded respect; feared Demanded respect; feared Washington made him Washington made him

Inspector General of the Inspector General of the ArmyArmy

In charge of training and In charge of training and sanitation sanitation

Later found out to be a Later found out to be a fakefake

► Didn’t matter Didn’t matter

Baron Von Steuben Drilling Troops at Valley Forge  by Edwin Abbey

George Washington and Lafayette at Valley Forge

by John Ward Dunsmore

French enter the WarFrench enter the War

► On Feb 6, the French would formally ally with On Feb 6, the French would formally ally with America pledging supportAmerica pledging support Recognized new nation, trade, military alliance Recognized new nation, trade, military alliance Ally with each other until Britain is defeatedAlly with each other until Britain is defeated Neither side would negotiate peace without the Neither side would negotiate peace without the

other other

► Due to Ben Franklin’s diplomacy Due to Ben Franklin’s diplomacy

efforts in Paris throughout 1777efforts in Paris throughout 1777► Impressed by Saratoga, WashingtonImpressed by Saratoga, Washington

British leave Philadelphia British leave Philadelphia

► William Howe would resign William Howe would resign command command Replaced by Henry ClintonReplaced by Henry Clinton

► After the French enter the After the French enter the war, Clinton decides to war, Clinton decides to abandon Philadelphia to abandon Philadelphia to reinforce New York reinforce New York Now open to French navy, Now open to French navy,

attack attack ► Washington’s troops Washington’s troops

shadow British on their shadow British on their march march

Battle of Monmouth, NJ Battle of Monmouth, NJ ► June 28, 1778June 28, 1778► Washington (13,500) attacks Washington (13,500) attacks

British (15,000) on their march to British (15,000) on their march to New York New York

► Charles Lee in charge of initial Charles Lee in charge of initial attackattack retreats prematurely retreats prematurely Had rejoined army in prisoner Had rejoined army in prisoner

exchange earlier in 1778exchange earlier in 1778► Washington meets Lee’s retreating Washington meets Lee’s retreating

army army Disgusted with Lee, rallies troops Disgusted with Lee, rallies troops

himself himself ► Molly Pitcher Molly Pitcher

Mary Ludwig Hayes Mary Ludwig Hayes ► Delivers water to soldiers on hot Delivers water to soldiers on hot

battlefieldbattlefield► Mans husbands cannon when he Mans husbands cannon when he

falls wounded falls wounded ► After a full day’s fighting, British After a full day’s fighting, British

continue on their retreat during continue on their retreat during the night the night No clear winner, but the British No clear winner, but the British

withdrew first withdrew first ► Casualties Casualties

British - 300British - 300 Americans - 350Americans - 350

Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth

by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze

Mary Ludwig Hayes Mary Ludwig Hayes a.k.a Molly Pitchera.k.a Molly Pitcher

Molly Pitcher at the battle of Monmouth