America Moves to the City

CHAPTER 25

1775 /1800 : 10% of Americans lived in the city

1920: 50% of Americans lived in the city.

1900: 40% lived in the city.

Today: 75% live in the city.

URBANIZATION

I CAN EXPLAIN URBANIZATION AND HOW IT AFFECTED AMERICA IN THE 1800S

By 1990 New York was the 2nd biggest city in the world! – a population of 3.5 Million People

I CAN EXPLAIN URBANIZATION AND HOW IT AFFECTED AMERICA IN THE 1800S

What city?????

- In cities most people walked. Mass transit becoming possible though

- The “Elevator” was a new form of transportation.

-The “skyscraper” was made possible because of the elevator.

CITY LIFE

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE CITY

•

Louis Sullivan

-Famous American architect in the late 1800’s.

His motto was …….-“Form should follow function!”

I CAN SUMMARIZE THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON THE CITY

SKYSCRAPERS!!

1. Electricity

2. Indoor Plumbing

3. Telephone

I CAN LIST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN THE CITY

Aaron Montgomery

Ward

Came Up With The First Mail Order Catalogue

Sears & Roebuck was the next mail order catalogue.

I CAN LIST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN THE CITY

SHOPPING!!!!!

Problems with the

city:1.Impure Water

2.Uncollected Garbage

3.Unwashed Bodies

4.Animal Droppings

5.Poor lighting

6.Crime

I CAN LIST THE ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF LIVING IN THE CITY

“Dumbbell” Tenement:

• 1879

• 7 or 8 stories high

• Minimum ventilation.

• Designed to make buildings fit as many

people as possible.“Lung Block”

-Tuberculosis (TB) / Consumption

-Terrible contagious diseases

I CAN DEFINE AND DESCRIBE A “DUMBBELL TENEMENT”

“Flophouses” were cheap places where you could “flop down” and sleep for a few pennies.

Sleep tight…don’t let the

bed bugs bite!

I CAN DEFINE AND DESCRIBE A “DUMBBELL TENEMENT”

1880’s – 1890’sCame from Southern Europe & Asia

The “New Immigrants” had different languages, customs, traditions, religions. They dressed, talked, looked and worshiped differently!

They did not assimilate well!

“Little Poland”

“Little Italy”

“Little Chinatown”

Review the “OLD”

I CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST OLD AND NEW IMMIGRATION

“Birds of Passage”

Were Immigrants who earned a living in the United States & then moved back to their former country. They never intended to stay.

“American Fever”

“American Letters”

I CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST OLD AND NEW IMMIGRATION

The ”Social Gospel”

was the concept that religious, moral individuals should get involved and try

to solve the problems in society.

Washington Gladden

The two main Leaders of the “Social Gospel” were

Walter Rausenbauch

and

Washington Gladden

I CAN DESCRIBE THE SOCIAL GOSPEL AND ITS LEADERS

1) Jane Addams -started most famous

settlement home. It was called the Hull House -started in 1889 Chicago, IL. She even won the Nobel Peace Prize.

2) Lillian Ward -started Henry St. Settlement House in 1893. It was located in New York City, New York.

3) Florence Kelly -dressed in black, fought for welfare of blacks and women.

I CAN DESCRIBE THE LEADERS OF THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE MOVEMENT

-started against immigrants from the “New Immigration” in the 1880’s-1890’s.

APAAmerican Protective

Association

-Labor Unions did not like immigration because immigrants could be hired as strike breakers or scabs.

I CAN SUMMARIZE REACTIONS TO NEW IMMIGRATION

The Salvation Army was started in England, but moved to America.

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFORTS OF CHURCHES TO DEAL WITH CITY PROBLEMS

Purpose??

Christian Science (1879)-founded by Mary Baker Eddy

Science & Health w/ Key to the Scriptures

“We Classify disease as error, which nothing but truth or mind can heal, & this mind can heal, & this mind must be divine, not human.” -Mary Baker Eddy

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFORTS OF CHURCHES TO DEAL WITH CITY PROBLEMS

Young Men & Women’s Christian Association-

started in 1889!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EFFORTS OF CHURCHES TO DEAL WITH CITY PROBLEMS

Religious people who stood firmly on the fixtures that the bible and God are supreme were called “Conservatives” & “Fundamentalist”

People who refused to believe the bible & its entirety as history or science were “liberals” or “Modernist”

I CAN DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALISTS AND MODERNISTS

Teacher-training schools!

I CAN SUMMARIZE CHANGES IN EDUCATION IN THE 1800S

Replace the “lyceum” as the way that adults educated themselves AFTER the Civil War.

Features lectures like Mark Twain.

Also included a home study course.

The “lyceum” was the way adults could become educated. before the civil war in the “Antebellum” period.

Featured speakers that would give lectures to the public. Ex. Ralph Waldo Emerson

The “Chautauqua movement”

CIVIL

WAR

I CAN SUMMARIZE CHANGES IN EDUCATION IN THE 1800S

Booker T. Washington• 1881- started Tuskegee Institute

• Taught academics & a trade

• Autobiography Up From Slavery

• Admired by blacks & whites

• Economic equality will lead to full political and social equality.

• He was deeply criticized by W.E.B. De Bois. He called him an “Uncle Tom”

-”In all things that are purely social, we must be as separate as the fingers, yet

one as the hand in all things essential to human progress”

Famous speech was ”The Atlanta

Compromise”

I CAN IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE TEACHINGS OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

*Became a teacher at Tuskegee Institute

*Boosted the southern economy by discovering hundreds of uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, & soybeans.

I CAN DESCRIBE THE WORK OF GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER

• First black person to get a doctorate degree from Harvard

• Help found the NAACP in 1910. (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

• Fought for complete black equality now!

• Critical of Booker T. Washington

• Believed in the “Talented Tenth” of each race.

• Renounced American Citizenship-embraced communism…in self-exile

I CAN COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE VIEWS OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON AND W.E.B. DUBOIS

In 1900 25 percent (25%) of college graduates were women.

This was very significant for the advancement of women's rights.

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EMERGENCE OF THE COLLEGE EDUCATION MOVEMENT

Morrill Act-1862 -provided land to the states for land- grant colleges.

Hatch Act-1887 -gave more land to colleges if they started agricultural experimentation stationsI CAN IDENTIFY TWO PIECES OF LEGISLATION DESIGNED TO CREATE

COLLEGES

The First high-grade graduate school!

I CAN DESCRIBE THE EMERGENCE OF THE COLLEGE EDUCATION MOVEMENT

Louis Pasteur -came up with “Pasteurization” which made some food products safer for consumption.

Joseph Lister -antiseptics

The 3 major journalistic Tycoons:

• Joseph Pulitzer• William Randolph Hearst

• Charles Dana

Yellow JournalismYellow Journalism

A new kind of journalism in newspapers and magazines. Featured sex, scandal, and

human interest stories. Ex. tabloids

Pulitzer …. The “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip added to newspapers tp stimulate sales.

Pulitzer …. The “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip added to newspapers tp stimulate sales.

The Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prize

A.P.

CALIFORNIA HOME

WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST

Where Mr. Byrd’s house

would sit!

POST CIVIL WAR WRITINGDime novels become extremely popular—fantasy stories of the West common

Gen. Lewis Wallace

Horatio Alger

Walt Whitman

Mark Twain

Stephen Crane

Emily Dickinson

Jack London

Frank Norris

Theodore Dreiser

Henry George

Edward Bellamy

LATE 1800’S MORALITYVictoria Woodhull

Believed in “free love”

Comstock LawsGoal was to get rid of “immoral” materials

FACT: Women werebecoming more liberated!

Was (and still is) hard on families.

Many cracked under the strain.

The “urban era” launched the era of divorce!

People had fewer kids.

Marriages were delayed.

Was (and still is) hard on families.

Many cracked under the strain.

The “urban era” launched the era of divorce!

People had fewer kids.

Marriages were delayed.

Urbanization: Impact on the family

She rejected that biology made women fundamentally different.

Urged women to use day-care and go out and get a job.

She rejected that biology made women fundamentally different.

Urged women to use day-care and go out and get a job.

Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Women and Economics

Distant relation to Beechers

Distant relation to Beechers

She shunned feminine frills and advocated physical exercise.

She shunned feminine frills and advocated physical exercise.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

Helped found the N.A.W.S.A.

(National American Women’s Suffrage Association)

1890

BY 1900 there were two new leaders of the women’s right movement:

Carrie Chapman Catt

Alice Paul Alice PaulCarrie Chapman Catt

was the first state to give

women right to vote in 1869.

The “Equality State”

was the first state to give

women right to vote in 1869.

The “Equality State”

WyomingWyoming

19th amendment passed in…192019th amendment passed in…1920

James Whistler “Whistler’s Mother”

Winslow Homer “Civil war & seascapes”

Frederick Remington “Old West /Sp-Am”

George Inness

Thomas Eakins

John Singer Sargent

LATE 1800’S ARTISTS

Frederic Remington’s artwork

The Buffalo Hunt

The Trooper

On the Southern Plains

The Smoke Signal

The modern “circus” popularized in the late 1800’s by

P.T Barnum ( “The Greatest Show on Earth!”)

“There’s a sucker is born every minute!”?

Today: Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey’s Circus

What’s “a Annie Oakley” today?

James Naismith: inventor of the game

of basketball

Baseball

Football

***Basketball

Three sports in order of invention: