174 Chen Advanced Trough Designs Using Panelized Reflectors Final
Transcript of 174 Chen Advanced Trough Designs Using Panelized Reflectors Final
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3M: Daniel Chen, Attila Molnar, Dylan Cosgrove
Gossamer Space Frames: Glenn Reynolds, Robert Vezzuto
SolarPaces 2010, Perpignan France
September 24, 2010
Advanced Trough Designs UsingPanelized Reflectors
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Outline Introduction
Design Elements Solar reflective films
Panelized reflectors
Space Frames
Results
Conclusions and Future Work
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In order to remain competitiveas a renewable energyresource, CSP will require
transformative costimprovement
The solar field and its
assembly is a ripe area forinnovation.
New materials plus structural
design may offer new solutionspace for solar collectors
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Motivation - CSP Market Situation
Objective: Demonstrate feasibility of film based reflectors
for large aperture parabolic trough collectors
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History Large Aperture Parabolic Trough
Increasing aperture sizeleverages other solar field fixedcosts
Luz designs envisioned up to10m aperture (LS-4). Designhad a capital cost target of
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Large Aperture Collector Design Approach
Elements Reflective film
Panel technology
Space frame
Technology synergies Optics (reflectivity)
Shape accuracy
Stiffness Alignment
Challenges
Materials Optics / Durability Integration
Manufacturability
Optics
AccuracyStiffness
Panel Frame
Film
Integrated solution approach can address both cost reduction
and performance improvement
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3M Solar Reflective Films History
Core Technologies Materials Science / Films Optics Multilayer optical films Weathering
Films Experience Subcontract with NREL, 1982-92 Development of 70 film variants CRADA with NREL 2008
Systems Experience Solar Kinetics T-700 /800 (1980-82) Brayton (1985) IST (1993, 2010)
Reliability Experience Lamination Substrate selection Edge sealing
Partial List of Experim ents
B4-15,153 ECP300 l o t 7 N R E L 2 6 2 m o C12_116B SA85 N R E L 1 6 6 m o C12_15A 305 C2_140A 305 res ins C3_4041A 305 res ins /UV C5_102A,B XO9105 C5_142A 305 C 5 _ 1 4 3 A 3 0 5 C6_36A Cu
C6_41A Cu C7_85A 305 E C P 3 0 5 _ 3 0 5 P L U S HAG_1,2,3 ,4 L968_10A Cu Th i ckness OET_1 305,SS95,SA85 AZ 140 mo, FLA 113
m o , N R E L 1 5 7 m o
OET_3 305+ precursor N R E L 1 5 6 m o O E T _ 5 3 M A l t O E T _ 6 3 M A l t OET_7 305+ precursor AZ 130 mo, FLA 113
m o , N R E L 1 4 5 m o
O E T _ 9 3 0 5 + NREL 144 mo R1003_100A In ter l ayer R1003_101A 305+ precursor R1003_4A SS95/SA85 N R E L 1 6 8 m o
R 1 0 0 3 _6 8 A 1 0 A v s 1 0 B a d h R1003_98A 305 R1212_51A Ag th i ckness R1212_52A A l t R1212_54A A l t R1212_56A A l t R1213_30A A l t R1213_46A A l t
R1213_66A A l t R1213_71A A l t N R E L 1 4 5 m o R1558_115A 305+ NREL 127 mo R1558_36A 305 R 1 5 5 8 _4 7 A 3 0 0 v s 3 0 5 R1558_60A 305+ R 1 5 5 8 _6 0 B 3 0 5 v s 3 0 5 + R1558_95A 305+ , Ag, Cu Sub R1875_10A 300, 305, 305+ N R E L 1 2 4 m o R1875_14A 300, 305, 305+ N R E L 1 2 4 m o R1875_40A 300, 305, 305+ R1875_55A 305+ SS_56 A l t
R1875_14A Northbr i dge R1875_16A Northbr i dge K2141_90A_2 N orthbr idge K2141_91A Northbr i dge K2141_92A Northbr i dge K2141_93A Northbr i dge K2141_94A Northbr i dge
NREL 90 mo
K3718_7A Northbr i dgeW O M 3 m o , N R E L 9 m o
R861_79A Other
3M has a long history in development of reflective films
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3M Solar Mirror Film 1100
Description- Metalized polymer film
- Silver as reflective layer
- Designed for outdoor use
[1] S. Meyen, A. Fernandez, C. Kennedy, E. Lpfert, Standardizationof Solar Mirror Reflectance Measurements - Round Robin Test,16th International SolarPACES Symposium Perpignan, France(2010).
Optical Properties 1
Solar weighted hemisphericalreflectance 94.5% (ASTMG173)
Specular reflectance 95.5%(25 mrad acceptance angle)
Key Features
Design flexibility Lead-free
Scalable manufacturing
Pre-mask protective layer
Reflective films offer optical performance competitive
with traditional glass solutions
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Durability
Long term outdoorexposure at NREL (168months)
Accelerated Aging Testing Thermal cycling
Damp Heat
Humidity Freeze
Neutral Salt Spray
Improvements in progress
Hardcoating
Anti-soiling coating
Improved reflectance
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10
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30
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60
70
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250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
Wavelength (nm)
Hemispheric
alReflectance(%)
Time Weathered: 168.8 months
Solar weighted hemispherical reflectance 93.05%
Courtesy C. Kennedy, NREL
Durability testing shows the feasibility of long-life reflective films
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Abengoa Solar, Englewood, CO USA1.2 MW thermalUses 3M SMF 1100 Mirror FilmCommissioned June 2010
Photo Courtesy Abengoa Solar
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Panel Technology Development
Design Over 30 design variants studied Key performance factors
Survival to wind Stiffness
Manufacturability Raw materials cost
Methods Mechanical modeling
Loads analysis per Uniform Building
Code CFD using Fluent
Simplified ray tracing approach Used Abaqus backbone Custom Python scripts Calculate normal of each shell element Calculates reflected vector from solar
source and intercept with diameter
Static hydraulic load testing
Mechanical and optical modeling techniques for accelerateddesign and development
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Stress modeling and Testing
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Optical Modeling: 4mm Glass
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Optical Modeling: Panelized Reflector
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Founded in 1999by GlennReynolds, GaryCurtis, and Dean
Hackbarth
Gossamer designphilosophy -lightweight, strong,precise and cost-effective structures
Developed
OrganicConnectorTM andZero clearanceshear pintechnology
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Gossamer Space Frames History
First CSP project in2006
US CSP Plants Nevada Solar One
64 MW
FP&L MartinCounty 75 MW
Spain (50 MW ea.)
La Risca
Palma del Rio I
Palma del Rio II
Majadas
Gossamer a leader in CSP frame design
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Space Frame Technology
Design approach Interlocking delta trusses First self aligning parabolic trough
system Excellent slope error and torsional
stiffness
Fielded Versions 8 and 12 meter Up to 200 kph rated RP-2 and RP3
(1) T. Wendelin, Parabolic Trough VSHOT Characterization, in 2005-2006 NREL 550-40024)
Space frame technology well suited towards larger aperture design
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Integration
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Integration
Results
Built 7+m trough section
Used two mirror panels (4.4 m2 ea)
Initial photogrammetry complete
Intercept factor 98.3% for a 70mmtarget (ATT Metrology)
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LAT Next Generation Performance
Performance/C
ost
LS-25m
LS-3Eurotrough5.7m
Heliotrough6.8m
LAT-17 m
LAT-29 m
Glass Torque Tube Film Space FrameLAT offers a new design and performance space for parabolic trough CSP
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Conclusions and Future Work
Conclusions Reflective films are a viable alternative to traditional reflective
materials Panel constructions have advantages of high stiffness, low
weight and high shape accuracy
Large aperture parabolic trough designs (7m+) are feasible
Future Work Full collector construction and characterization
Qualification of pre-production equipment and processes
Test loop
Cost analysis at solar field and LCOE level
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Acknowledgments
National Renewable Energy Lab C. Kennedy
US Department of Energy DE-FC36-08GO18027
DLR E. Luepfert, S. Meyen
CIEMAT
ATT Metrology
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