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16h00 Jan Engstrom Sala 1 24.09.09
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Transcript of 16h00 Jan Engstrom Sala 1 24.09.09
International Financial Reporting Standards
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the presenter, not necessarily those of the IASC Foundation or the IASB
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
Fair ValueMeasurement
Jan Engstrom
Sao Paulo
September 2009
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Let’s start with:- How would you like it?
today’s value historical cost
OK, but – who are you? It might make a difference.
an investor?
a regulator?
a banker?
a supplier?
a distributor?
an employee?
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Let’s continue with:- How would you like it?
today’s value historical cost
US $ 100 ?
50 shares in Google ?
A 5 year fixed rate treasury bond ? ?
A currency hedge !
Office building ?
General purpose machine ? ?
Product specific production line ?
A business closing down ?
5Fair values – why?
• Proponents
– All information should reflect a present market value for investors to be able to evaluate a company’s value
– Historical cost is useless information
• Opponents
– Fair value are unreliable in many cases; they don’t show the intended use
– Historical cost is trustworthy information
6Fair values – why, when & how
• Fair values are asked for by many users = why & when
CFA institute (100.000 members) alwaysMany investors and analysts alwaysOthers sometimesSome seldom
• Fair values are used with many different descriptions= how
7Fair value – when?
• Some say:– always and for all items (ex. CFA)
• Others say:– For all items not engaged in a “repetitive” business
process (buying-producing-selling-buying-prod…)
• One can also hear:– Only for assets that shall be liquidated soon
8Fair value
• To stay or just something that will pass?
– Reporting has for many been to assure credit protection– Today's purpose is to support taking economic decisions
• Is it pro-cyclical? Is that bad?
– If so, what shall we do about news papers and TV?– Shall reporting assure financial stability?
– The prudential regulators and financial standard setters have different roles and different tools
• What are the alternatives?
9Health warnings and presentations!
• How much warning is needed for the stated value of:
– US $ 100 – The home cooked cash-flow forecast based value (level 3)– The historical cost of old things
• Can disclose substitute information in the main statements?
– Some say yes– Others say no
10Why an IASB project?
• Fair value guidance is inconsistent
• Fair value guidance is dispersed across many IFRSs
• Fair value guidance have been added piecemeal over many years
• Increase convergence with US GAAP
11Dispersed IFRS guidance
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
11
IFRS Refers to …
IAS 39 the ‘most advantageous’ market
IAS 41 the ‘most relevant’ market
IAS38the amount an entity would have paid for the asset but states that the most appropriate market price is the current bid price
IAS 40 tax benefits or burdens that are not specific to the current owner
IAS 17 fair value, but does not provide guidance on how to measure it
IAS 19fair value of defined benefit plan assets, but does not provide guidance on how to measure it
12The IASB project…
Clarifies the measurement objective
Creates a single source of guidance
Improves and harmonises disclosures
13This project… continued
Does not introduce new fair values
Does not change the measurement objective in existing IFRSs
14How does this project fit with others?
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
14
Why?
When?
How? Fair Value Measurement Project
Conceptual Framework Project
IAS 39 IAS 41 IFRS 3 IFRS 5 etc…
15Core principle – on how
• Proposed definition
The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date
– exit price notion (selling vs. using and settle vs. transfer)– current price– not a liquidation price or a forced sale – market participant assumptions vs. entity intentions
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
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16Fair value hierarchy
• Level 1 inputs are quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities (unadjusted)
• Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1
• Level 3 inputs are inputs not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
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17Exit price notion
• Embodies expectations about the future cash inflows and outflows:
– Assets: cash inflows from selling vs. using the asset
– Liabilities: cash outflows from settle vs. transferring
18The transaction
• A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell takes place in the most advantageous market
• No need for an exhaustive search of all possible markets to identify the most advantageous market
19Highest and best use
The use of an asset by market participants that would maximise the value of the asset or group of assets and liabilities within which the asset would be used
Ex: a downtown parking lot has higher value when sold for to build an office building than the cash flow generated by the parking business
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org
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20Market participants continued
• The fair value of the asset or liability shall be measured using the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability
21Market participants
• Independent buyers and sellers that are not related
• Knowledgeable sufficiently informed about the asset or liability
• Able to enter into a transaction for the asset or liability
• Willing to enter into a transaction for the asset or liability (not forced)
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Specific challenges of complex financial instruments
• Distinguishing between orderly and distressed transactions in inactive markets
• Market participant assumptions in Level 3
• Highest and best use
• Transfer price for a liability
….. and more!
© 2008 IASC Foundation. 30 Cannon Street | London EC4M 6XH | UK. www.iasb.org