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Transcript of 162_166 (I)
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Countdown to the WW2
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1936
Chancellor of G
Imprisionedopponents.
Manipulatedmedia
Presecuted jews. Recovered Sarre
Rally weapons.
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1936-Marched into the Rhineland
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Hitler broke T of V but nobodytried to stop him
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Hitler turned his attention toAustria
Wanted unification
He believed they belonged together
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Are you going toattack
Czechoslovaquia?
I wont. I giveyou my word ofhonour
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1938-Chamberlain flew twice to G
He met Hitler tonegotiate.
Munich Agreement
Ch b l i d
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Chamberlain returned as ahero
Peace for our time Some people werent so sure
Here is the
paper
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Appeasement
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Hitler understoodMy policy
has been accepted
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Sudetenland
Coal Iron Lead
Zinc 3 million germans
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The Western European powers
more worried aboutCommunism than Hitler
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1939. Nazi-Soviet pact: to carve
up Poland
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Neville Chamberlain was replacedby Winston Churchill
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Hitler would have to
be defeated in war!
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War wasdeclared
3rd sept1939
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Characteristics of the WW2
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Most devastating conflict
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WW2 led to another distinct period
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Differences btw ww1 and ww2
Worldwide conflict
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In the deserts
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El-Alamein cementery
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In the arctic
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In the mountains
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In the jungles
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In the air, on the land, at sea
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Fighter and planes werefundamental for allied victory
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Technology had advanced
Tanks
Fighter planes
Long-range bombers Nuclear weapons
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Civilian populations were directaffected
Occupations
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Evacuation ofcivilians
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National resistance movement
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Espionage
the secret war
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Message
nczwvusxpnyminhzxmqxsfwxwlkjahshnmcoccakuqmkcshkseinjusblkiosxckubhmllxcsjusrrdvkohulxwccbgvliyxeoahxrhkkfvdrewe
zlxobafgyujqukgrtvukameurbveksuhhvoyhabcjwmaklfklmyfvnrizrvvrtkofdanjmolbgffleoprgtflvrhowopbekvwmuqfmpwparmfhagkx
iibg
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The Holocaust
War-crime on an unimaginable scale!
I 1942 N i i d h
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In 1942, Nazis invented theFINAL SOLUTION
Death camps in Eastern Europe
Gas Chambers
People killed
Jewish Communists
Gypsies
Black people
Homosexuals Disabled people
Political enemies
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A cold water immersion experiment at Dachau concentration camp
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A cold water immersion experiment at Dachau concentration camppresided over by Professor Holzlohner (left) and Dr. Rascher (right).
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Experiments on twins
S G
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Steptococus, Gas gangreneand sulfonamide experimentation
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Sea water experiments
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Sterilization experiments
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Incendiary bomb experiments
Photo of wounds left by a medical
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Photo of wounds left by a medical
experiment. The victim had been burned
with phosphorous so that medicaments
could be tested
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Experiments with poison
R i hild i A h it
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Romani children in Auschwitz,victims of medical experiments.
Heinrich Himmler in charge of
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Heinrich Himmler in charge ofthe final solution
Extermination camps
Auschwitz
Treblinka
Sobibor
Chelmno
Belzec
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How did it happen?
Nazi guards wereobeying orders.
They feared theirleaders
Jewish were notseen as humanbeings
Soldiers involved
hid the truth The horror wasdiscovered in 1945
At the end of the war Nazis
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At the end of the war, Naziswanted to destroy the camps
There was no time...
Churchill knew about the
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Churchill knew about thecamps?
Noevidences
5 million
jewishpeoplemurdered
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Neutral countries
Spain sympathetic to the Axis cause
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Allies
UK-Churchill
Usa-Roosevelt
USSR-Stalin
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Axis
Germany-Hitler
Japan-Hirohito
Italy-Mussolini.
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Key events of the WW2
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G attacked Poland 1st sept 1939
Surprise andmobility
Stuka Dive-bombers
Panzer tank Smashers
Lighter tank
Armoured cars
Infrantry No resistance
Troops behindenemy To capture key
targets
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Stuka (=bombardero en picado)
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Poland defeated in 1 month
UK+F declared war onG
NO time to help Poland
100,000 polish soldiersescaped to Romania
Soviet Red armycrossed the border tooccupy Eastern Poland
6 next months: THE PHONEY
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6 next months: THE PHONEYWAR
Nothinghappened!!!!!!!!!!!
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Poland invasion Fast Effective
Polish army wasbrave anddetermined
But
No modernequipment
F+UK ready
Too late for helpingPoland
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German spring offensive
Invasion of Denmank and Norway
Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg
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Offensive changed the war. 1940
France surrendered
G was ready for UK invasion
Chamberlain resigned as PM
Winston Churchill becameleader
The Battle of Britain and the
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The Battle of Britain and theBlitz
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Hitlers plan: Battle of Britain
Called Operation
Sealion
German Luftwaffe mustdestroy 1st the RAF
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RAF could won the battle
cause
Reasons
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Radars
Developed secretly
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Production of more aircraft
Factories full-time production
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RAF pilots
Skillful
Short number
Highly trained
RAF planes were easier to
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RAF planes were easier tocontrol
German Messerschmitts were too far frombases
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Defeat in the air changed G plans
Start of Blitz
Heavy bombing ofBritish cities
To break morale To force government
to make peace
Radar and air
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Radar and airraid sirens
Gave peoplewarning of mostraids to get into
shelters
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Defeat in the air changed Gs plans
Operationsealion wasabandoned
Why?
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Why? Hitler needed a fast
victory to attack USSR USA was sending +
help
President Rooseveltsent more help to Britainto stop the Fascism
The credit was calledLEND-LEASE
Allowed UK to buy armsand supplies
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And
H needed oil Forced
Romania
Hungary Bulgaria
to supportthem
M hil
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Meanwhile
I invaded Greece,but was defeated
G invaded
Yugoslavia and G
G+I were fightingin North Africa to
take Suez canal
The phoney war ended in spring
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The phoney war ended in spring1940
By 1940 it was obvious that F & UKsurrender wasnt going to be easy
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In April, G
invadedDenmark andNorway
British forcefailed to helpnorwegians
Desert warfare
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1940-1943 North AfricaDesert warfare
I advanced into Egypt
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I advanced into Egypt
Uk pushed them back to Libya
Rommel,Desert
Fox
T ibl diti
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Terrible conditions
Heat by day
Lack of water
Freeze at night
Flies and diseases
Open landscape
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The Russian Front
H Plans
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Destruction of communism
Use slav peoples as slave labour They were inferior
O ti B b J 1941
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Operation Barbarossa. June 1941
3 attacks
Stalin did not believe Hcould break the pact
USSR was not ready
Lamenting the death. Searching for friendsand relatives murdered by the Germans at
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and relatives murdered by the Germans at
Kerch, the Crimea
Hitl G bl
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Hitlers Gamble
Russians unprepared andweak
Equipment outdated
Many people againstcommunism
Time enough till winter
What ent rong?
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What went wrong?
Distance and supply 1500 km to Moscow
Roads in bad
conditions Scorched earth
policy (poltica detierra quemada)
People against nazis Due to brutality
Winter campaign
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Winter campaign
Barbarossa was delayed due to Balkans
G were unprepared
G couldnt reach targets
Leningrad
Moscow
Stalingrad
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The war in the Far East didnt begin at
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g
the same time as the war in Europe
The war in Asia was caused by Japanesegrowth
Japan had taken control of Korea in 1905
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Japan had taken control of Korea in 1905and Manchuria in 1931
Many japanese people admired thestrength and power of dictators like Hitler
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strength and power of dictators like Hitlerand Mussolini in Europe
The army
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The armytook more
power,building uplarge and
modern navalforces
A treaty was signed with Hitler in1936
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1936
Anti-Comintern pact
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p
By 1941 Japan had taken control of large
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By 1941 Japan had taken control of largeparts of eastern China
To maintain their power and economicd h j d d li
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advantages the japanese needed suppliesof coal, rubber, tin, oil and other raw
materials
Japan planned a surprise attack
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on the USA
The USA, worried by japanese expansion,had banned trade with Japan
Japanese expansion in 1940
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Japanese expansion in 1940
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This stopped 80% of oil supplies to japanin summer 1941
A japanese surprise attack against the
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A japanese surprise attack against theUSA would allow the conquest of SE Asia
and the pacific before the USA hadrecovered
This was the reason for the attack of Pearl
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Harbor, the big US naval Base in Hawaii
on 7th december 1941
Roosevelt signs the war declaration after the
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Pearl Harbor attack
Results of Pearl Harbor
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Results of Pearl Harbor
2400 people killed
Many more injured
8 battleships sunk
or damaged
Aircraft carriers were at sea and the
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attack missed the main fuel supplies
Public opinion in
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the USA was
outraged Congress voted to
declare war onJapan
G declared war on USA in support of
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Japan
A mistake!
Casablanca conference
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Casablanca conference
D-Day: Normandy landings
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D Day: Normandy landings
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Operation Fortitude
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It was the codename for the Allieddeception operations prior to theNormandy landings (Operation Overlord)
of June 1944.
It was divided into Fortitude North, a threatto invade Norway and Fortitude South
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to invade Norway, and Fortitude South,designed to induce the Germans to
believe that the main invasion of Francewould occur in the Pas de Calais ratherthan Normandy.
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Dummy aircraft. 1943.
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Dummy aircraft. 1943.
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Landing craft
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g
German aerial photo of dummycraft in Dover Harbour
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craft in Dover Harbour
Liberation of Paris
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The allies invade Germany
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y
Russians reach Berlin
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Hitler commits suicide
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Postdam Conference:Atlee+Truman+Stalin
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Atlee+Truman+Stalin
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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Yalta Conference-Churchill+Roosevelt+Stalin
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Churchill+Roosevelt+Stalin