16. Peter's Denial
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Transcript of 16. Peter's Denial
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Lesson #16Peter’s Denial
(Mark 14: 27-72)
1Judas, the Betrayer
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In Lesson #15 we explored the character and motives ofJudas the betrayer, drawing on Matthew, Luke and
John—and a few outside sources—for additional
information.
As we saw, Judas is a much more complex character thanhe is typically portrayed. A disciple from the start, Judas
was with Jesus for his entire 3-year public ministry; Judas
witnessed Jesus’ teaching, preaching and healing; Judas
was present at Peter’s confession of faith; and he firmly
believed that Jesus was the Messiah.
So why does Judas betray Jesus?
2Judas, the Betrayer
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In Lesson #15 we speculated that Judas may have viewed himself asa mediator, one who could bring Jesus and the religious leaders
together to resolve their differences, one who could be a “peace
maker.” We also learned that Judas was an “outsider,” the only one
of Jesus’ disciples not from Galilee. And we speculated that Jesus’
stinging rebuke of Judas when Mary of Bethany anointed Jesus with
expensive oil may have tinged Judas’ more worthy motives with a
degree of anger and resentment at being publically humiliated and
unfairly treated.
In any case, when Judas flings the 30 pieces of silver back at the
religious leaders, saying “I have sinned in betraying innocent blood”
(Matthew 27: 4) and then goes out and hangs himself, he does not
demonstrate the actions of a man whose plan worked; rather, his
actions are those of a man whose plan went horribly awry.
3Judas, the Betrayer
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At Caesarea Philippi Peter said with great certainty, “Youare the Messiah” (8: 29); across the three years of Jesus’
public ministry, Peter emerged as leader of the disciples;
after the Last Supper Peter pledged with conviction:
“Even through all should have their faith shaken, mine
will not be” (14: 29). And yet, Peter denies the Lord, not
once, but three times.
In Lesson #16 we explore Peter’s actions and possible
motives.
4Judas, the Betrayer
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Peter Paul Rubens. St. Peter as Pope (oil on panel), c. 1610-1612.
Prado Museum, Madrid.
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This section of Mark‟s narrative
unfolds in four parts:1. Peter‟s denial foretold (14: 27-31)
2. Jesus‟ arrest in the Garden
of Gethsemane (14: 32-52)
3. Jesus‟ trial before the Sanhedrin
(14: 53-72)
4. Peter‟s denial occurs
(parallel to Jesus‟ trial in Part 3)
(14: 66-72)
7Conflict and Confrontation
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Notice how Peter‟s story
frames Jesus‟ story
A Peter‟s denial foretold
B Jesus‟ arrest in the Garden
of Gethsemane
B Jesus‟ trial before the SanhedrinA Peter‟s denial occurs
8Conflict and Confrontation
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Notice how Peter‟s story
frames Jesus‟ story
A Peter‟s denial foretold
B Jesus‟ arrest in the Garden
of Gethsemane
B Jesus‟ trial before the Sanhedrin
A Peter‟s denial occurs
9Conflict and Confrontation
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10Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Neighborhood of the Last Supper
Walking to the Garden of Gethsemane
Temple Complex
Eastern (“Golden”) Gate
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Mount of Olives
Temple Platform
Temple
Eastern
(“Golden”) Gate
11Triumphal Entry
Gethsemane
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12Conflict and Confrontation
Peter‟s Denial Foretold (14: 27-31)
Then Jesus said to them, “All of you will have your faith
shaken, for it is written [in Zechariah 13: 7]:
„I will strike the shepherd,
and the sheep will be dispersed.‟
But after I have been raised up, I shall go before you to
Galilee.” Peter said to him, “Even though all should have
their faith shaken, mine will not be.” Then Jesus said to
him, “Amen, I say to you, this very night before the cock
crows twice you will deny me three times.” But hevehemently replied, “Even though I should have to die with
you, I will not deny you.” And they all spoke similarly.
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What do we know about
Peter up to this point to
support his confident
statement?
13Peter's Confession of Faith
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14Peter's Confession of Faith
Checklist on Peter
He is in Jesus‟ inner -most circle:Peter, Andrew, James & John
Jesus lives with Peter at Capernaum
Peter speaks for the disciples at
Caesarea Philippi (confession of
faith)
Jesus appoints Peter leader of his disciples
Peter (along with James and John)
witnesses Jesus‟ Transfiguration
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So, then, Peter might
very well feel confident
that when push comes toshove, he will defend
Jesus!
15Peter's Confession of Faith
I would defendJesus.
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Notice how Peter‟s story
frames Jesus‟ story A Peter‟s denial foretold
B Jesus‟ arrest in the Garden
of Gethsemane
B Jesus‟ trial before the Sanhedrin
A Peter‟s denial occurs
16Conflict and Confrontation
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Mount of Olives
Temple Platform
Temple
Eastern
(“Golden”) Gate
17Triumphal Entry
Gethsemane
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18Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
Gethsemane, looking east from the Temple Mount area. The Church of All Nations (also called
the Church of the Agony) is at the bottom left.
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19Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
The somber interior of the Church of All Nations features a beautiful mosaic
of Jesus praying in agony.
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20Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
The exposed bedrock is the traditional place where Jesus prayed.
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21Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
“Gethsemane” means “olive press.” In Jesus’ day Gethsemane was a commercial center for the
production of olive oil, used for lighting the Temple complex. Today it is a beautiful garden.
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22Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
The oldest olive tree in Gethsemane, perhaps from the time of Jesus.
Like people, olive trees get wider as they grow older, not taller!
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23Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
So, let’s have a
close look atJesus’ agony and
arrest in theGarden of
Gethsemane(14: 32-52).
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Andrea Mantegna. Agony in the Garden (tempera on wood), c. 1458-1460.
National Gallery, London.
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25Excursus, Mark's Roman Empire
Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
The Temple Mount and the Eastern (“Golden”) Gate seen from the Garden of Gethsemane,
320 yards away. Jesus could see them coming.
Eastern (“Golden”)
Gate
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Giotto. Kiss of Judas (fresco), c. 1304-1306.
Arena Chapel, Padua.
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Psalm 2
Why do the nations rage,
and the people plot what is vain?
They stand together, the kings of the earth;
the leaders conspire against the Lord and his Anointed:
“Let us break their bonds asunder;
Let us cast off their cords.”
He who sits in the heavens laughs;
the Lord, he laughs them to scorn.
Then he will speak in his anger;
in his wrath he will strike them with terror:
“Indeed, it is I who installed my king
upon Zion, my holy hill.”
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I will announce the decree of the Lord,
the Lord said to me:“You are my Son;
today I have begotten you.
Ask and I shall bequeath you the nations,
put the ends of the earth in your possession.
With an iron rod you will break them,
shatter them like a potter’s jar.”
Now, O kings, understand;
take warning, rulers of the earth:
serve the Lord with fear and trembling;
kiss the Son lest he be angry and you perish,
for suddenly his anger will blaze.
Blessed are they who trust in God.
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Giuseppe Cesari. Christ Taken Prisoner (oil on walnut panel), c. 1597.
Museumslandschaft Hesse, Kassel, Germany.
“Now a young man
followed himwearing nothing but
a linen cloth about
his body. They
seized him, but he
left the cloth behind
and ran off naked.”
Mark 14: 51
Peter cutting off the
ear of the High Priest’s
servant!
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Notice how Peter‟s story
frames Jesus‟ story A Peter‟s denial foretold
B Jesus‟ arrest in the Garden
of Gethsemane
B Jesus‟ trial before the Sanhedrin
A Peter‟s denial occurs
30Conflict and Confrontation
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Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
Antonia Fortress
Robinson’s ArchSouthern Steps
Temple
Home of Caiaphus
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Matthias Stom. Christ before Caiaphas (oil on canvas), c. 1633.
Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Notice how Peter‟s story
frames Jesus‟ story A Peter‟s denial foretold
B Jesus‟ arrest in the Garden
of Gethsemane
B Jesus‟ trial before the Sanhedrin
A Peter‟s denial occurs
33Conflict and Confrontation
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Photography by Ana Maria Vargas
“Amen, I say to
you, this verynight before
the cock crows
twice you willdeny me three
times.” Mark 14: 30
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Wohl Archaeological Museum, Jerusalem (Jewish Quarter).
Model of the reconstructed home. The courtyard measures 27’ x 27’.
Courtyard
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Simon Bening. Prayer Book of Cardinal Albrecht Brandenburg (tempera colors,
gold paint, gold leaf and ink on parchment), MS Ludwig IX 19, Fol. 123v, c.
1525-1530. Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
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Caravaggio. The Denial of St. Peter (oil on canvas), c. 1610.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
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El Greco. The Tears of St. Peter (oil on canvas), 1587-1596.
Museo Soumaya, Mexico City.
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Ah, ha! So Peter didn’t
deny Jesus because his
faith failed; he denied
Jesus because his
courage failed!
39Peter's Confession of Faith
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Caravaggio. Crucifixion of St. Peter (oil on canvas), c. 1601.
Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome.
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1. In the context of our narrative, how did Jesus know thatPeter would deny him? (And don’t revert to “Jesus is
God, so he knows everything.” Think it through!)
2. When Jesus prays in Gethsemane that “this cup” be
taken from him, what did he mean by that?
3. What did Jesus feel as he prayed at Gethsemane?
4. When Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss, how is that an
example of stunning irony?
5. Why did Peter deny Jesus?
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Copyright © 2014 by William C. Creasy
All rights reserved. No part of this course—audio, video,
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