16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)
-
Upload
regina-ferguson -
Category
Documents
-
view
238 -
download
4
Transcript of 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)
![Page 1: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
16
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
![Page 2: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
15
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
![Page 3: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
![Page 4: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
17
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
![Page 5: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, +)
![Page 6: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
11
12
INTERACTIONS (-, -)
![Page 7: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
13
14
INTERACTIONS (-, -)
![Page 8: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
19
20
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
![Page 9: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
![Page 10: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
![Page 11: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
![Page 12: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
![Page 13: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
21
INTERACTIONS (+, -)
![Page 14: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
23
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
![Page 15: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
24
![Page 16: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
18
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
![Page 17: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (+, ?)
![Page 18: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
INTERACTIONS (?, ?)
![Page 19: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
COMPETITION(Chapter 13)
![Page 20: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
2Blenny Damselfish
![Page 21: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1
INTERFERENCE COMPETITION(INTRASPECIFIC)
![Page 22: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
INTERFERENCE COMPETITION(INTERSPECIFIC)
![Page 23: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
RESOURCE COMPETION
9
![Page 24: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
9
![Page 25: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
TRENCHED UNTRENCHED
7
78
![Page 26: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
5 6
TRENCHED UNTRENCHED
![Page 27: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
13
Intraspecific Competition: Consequences
Leafhopper
![Page 28: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006
Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)
Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)
Intraspecific Competition: Consequences
![Page 29: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
10Alfalfa
11
12
INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: CONSEQUENCES
![Page 30: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Fig. 13-5 in Molles 2006
![Page 31: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION
![Page 33: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
NICHE: All environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a
species
Giant Kelp(Macrocystis)
15
![Page 34: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Nutrients
Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(One Axis)
Niche Breadth
![Page 35: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(Two Axes)
Nutrients
Oxy
genNiche Breadth 1
Nich
e Bread
th 2
![Page 36: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche(Three Axes)
Nutrients
Temper
ature
Oxy
gen
![Page 37: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
15
Giant Kelp Niche:Other Environmental
Factors?
•
•
•
•
N – Dimensional Hypervolume: Hypothetical Space that Represents ALL N Environmental Factors that Influence Growth, Survival and Reproduction
![Page 38: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the absence of interactions with other species
FUNDAMENTAL NICHE
![Page 39: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Giant Kelp(Macrocystis)
Bull Kelp(Nereocystis) 1615
Effect of Interactions with Other Species
NICHE
![Page 40: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NICHE OVERLAP
Fundamental Niches of Giant Kelp, Bull Kelp in One Dimension
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
![Page 41: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Resource Utilization
Resource Utilization
ADJUSTMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL NICHE IN PRESENCE OF COMPETITOR
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
![Page 42: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the presence of interactions with other species
REALIZED NICHER
esou
rce
Uti
liza
tion
Giant Kelp Bull Kelp
![Page 43: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Fundamental and Realized Niche of Chthalamus
![Page 44: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Two Species with Same or Very Similar Niche:
Is Coexistence Possible?R
esou
rce
Uti
liza
tion
![Page 45: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Competitive Exclusion Principle:(G.F. Gause)
Two Species with Identical Niches
CAN NOT Coexist Indefinitely
![Page 46: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
1 http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozumelaug06small/blenny3.jpg
2 http://jc-research.com/jim/diving-album/images/blenny-coral.jpg
3 http://curiousgeorgecottage.org/wp-content/images/seasm.jpg
4 http://www.picturepawfect.com/Sailing/P0003238.jpg
6 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/ images/ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg
5 http://www.nau.edu/~cline/speccoll/exhibits/fires/images/treecontrast3.jpg
7 http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS% 20DEEP%20TX%20PINE.jpg
8 http://www.ehow.com/images/ehows/steps/edgewwood_1L.jpg
9 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/ Old-GrowthPonderosaPine.jpg
![Page 47: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
10 http://www.kalyx.com/store/images/medicagosativa3.jpg
11 http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/PHT/PHT365/PAA365000001.jpg
12 http://www.kerrysgarden.us/img/2006/echinacea-seedlings.jpg
13 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/ Leafhopper%20(new)2.jpg
14 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_ pics/Macrocystis_300.jpg
15 http://elementy.ru/images/news/kelp_macrocystis_pyrifera_300.jpg
16 http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/anagisa/pics/nereo2.JPG
17 http://www.hsu.edu/content.aspx?id=5515
18 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged% 20Photos/2mesa.jpg
![Page 48: 16 INTERACTIONS (+, +). 15 INTERACTIONS (+, +)](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062304/56649efd5503460f94c10eb4/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
19 http://www.shootingstarnativeseed.com/Matt%20Weeding.jpg