8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

1/33

Libraries, Catalogs, and the

Strange New Digital Landscape

Karen CalhounIGeLU, Stockholm, Sweden

September 2006

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

2/33

Yellowstone Mud Pots

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

3/33

The Way We WorkedBooksJournalsNewspapersGov docsMapsScoresAVDissertations

Specialcollections

ManuscriptsPapersUniv records

Journalarticles

Conferenceproceedings

Etc.

Library catalogs

Archives

Abstracting &Indexing services

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

4/33

From Dempsey, Lorcan, Eric Childress et al. 2005.

Metadata switch. In E-Scholarship: A LITA Guide (Chicago: LITA).

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

5/33

Unanswered Questions

Who uses the online catalog?Who uses library Web pages?For what?

How much?Compared to what?

Compared to library e-resourcediscovery systems?Compared to Amazoogle?

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

6/33

Fundamental Shift in Preferences/Landscapefor Information Organization?

Bibliographic tools vs. indexing and full textsearchingAre there generational differences?Differences based on discipline or profession?

What about visual resources?What about digital data?

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

7/33

Familiarity with Search Engines vs.Online Libraries

College Students Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: a Report

to the OCLC Membership : http://www.oclc.org/reports/perceptionscollege.htm

College Students' Familiarity Ratings

45

17 10

72

2015

23

58

0

20

40

60

80

Extremelyfamiliar

Very familiar Somewhatfamiliar

Total

Ratings

P e r c e n t

Search engines

Online libraries

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

8/33

Where Do You Begin a Search forInformation on a Topic?

Starting an Information Search

89

20

20

40

60

80

100

Search engine Library Web siteWhere Search Begins

P e r c

e n t

College Students Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: a Report

to the OCLC Membership : http://www.oclc.org/reports/perceptionscollege.htm

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

9/33

Gaps in Sa t is fac t io n

-1 .6

-1 .4

-1 .2

-1

-0 .8

-0 .6

-0 .4

-0 .2

0

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

E-resourcesremot e access

Easy-to-useweb site

Print o r e- journals

Printed librarymaterials

Multimediacollect ions Space for s tudy Group space

Undergrad Graduate Faculty

Online library Collections Space

LibQUAL+ 2005 Survey: Cornell University Library. Association of ResearchLibraries. http://www.libqual.org

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

10/33

Cornell Catalog and E-Resource Searching, First Quarter 2005

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Weeks 1 to 13

N u m

b e r o

f S e a r c

h e s

/ S e s s

i o n s

Catalog Sessions

E-Resource Searches

Total (Library Resources)

Students

return

E-resource

systemproblems

Springbreak

Average/week(Q1 2005):Google: 441 millionLibrary: 47 thousand

Titles in catalog:> 4 million

E-resources:379 thousand

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

11/33

Networked E-Resources at Cornell

Less than 10% of the collectionMore than 25% of the materialsbudget

About 50% of the useAll searches from library pages = atiny fraction of the use of searchengines

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

12/33

University of Minnesota Libraries: ResearchNeeds of Humanists and Social Scientists

Available from http://www.lib.umn.edu/about/mellon/docs.phtmlFull report and a variety of presentations, e.g.,

Karen Williams, Charleston Conference. "Lively Lunch: The SameBut Different: Varying User Behavior in the Humanities and Social Sciences"

Library's Most Important Roles

93 8065

3925

020

406080

100

Collector andpurchaser ofcollections

Resource forfinding and

retrievinginformation

Repository forpreservation

Developer oftechnologyand tools

Place forresearch and

study

P e r c e n t

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

13/33

University of Minnesota LibrariesStudy: More Findings

Humanities and social sciences facultyand grad students work primarily fromhomeLibrary space remains more important tograd students than faculty membersEmploy a wide variety of researchmaterials, esp. primary source materials ,also including data and multimediaFaculty and grad students need helporganizing and managing their researchmaterialsLibrary has the opportunity to play amore proactive role

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

14/33

Review of Unanswered Questions

Who uses the online catalog?Faculty and graduate students (comparativelymore)Undergraduates (comparatively less)

Who uses library Web pages? How much?Strong preference for search engines

For what?Published materials (mostly monographs?)

Keen interest in primary source materials,data, images, multimediaall outside thecatalog

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

15/33

Review of Unanswered Questions, 2

Compared to what?Strong use of e-resource discoverysystems outside the catalogStrong preference for search engines

Some are familiar with bibliographicdata/tools, many are not (and findwhat they want anyway?)Graduate students may be the leastsatisfied with how libraries are servingthem

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

16/33

The Way We WorkedBooksJournalsNewspapersGov docsMapsScoresAVDissertations

Specialcollections

ManuscriptsPapersUniv records

JournalarticlesConferenceproceedings

Etc.

Library catalogs

Archives

Abstracting &Indexing services

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

17/33

The Decline of the Catalog

Users bypassing the catalog89% of college students say they begin with searchengines vs 2% with library Web pages

One piece of a fragmented libraryinformation landscape (and hard to use!)

Principle of Least EffortMetasearch in trouble

Cataloging tradition unsustainable Just how much do we need to continue to spend oncarefully constructed catalogs?Deanna Marcum,LC Associate Librarian

Calhoun, Karen. The Changing Nature of the Catalog and Its Integrationwith Other Discovery Tools. Washington, DC: Library of Congress,17 March 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/calhoun-report-final.pdf

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

18/33

A New Kind of Library

Build a vision of a new kindof libraryBe more involved withresearch and learningmaterials and systemsBe more engaged withcampus communitiesMake library collections andlibrarians more visible

Move to next generationsystems and services

An online social network

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

19/33

Information Silos

21 LIBRARY SYSTEM

PUBLIC SERVICESTECH SERVICES

COLLECTION DEVELOPMENT

IT

7 UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGESAND SCHOOLS, 7

GRADUATE/PROFESSIONALCOLLEGES AND SCHOOLS

INFORMATION NETWORK PROCESSES

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

20/33

Outreach: A BOTH/AND World

DATA

PEOPLE

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

21/33

Next Generation Integrated LibrarySystem? --Modularity

ILSes should think in

terms of linking ratherthan building Decoupling discoveryand inventorymanagementfunctionsStandards

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

22/33

Toward a New Library InformationSpace

Todays Methodsand ToolsWeb-accessible lists +catalogs

Federated searchingReference linking(OpenURL)PortalsE-resource managementsystemsDigital asset managementsystems

EmergingObjectives

Integrate access to all library resources (print,

archives, digital, e-)Simplify digital and e-resource management(lower costs AND improveservice)

Become visible in the usersenvironment (i.e., on open Web, on course pages,etc. )

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

23/33

The Portal Dream, Version 1: AUnifying Local System

Other LibrariesCatalogs

Local LibraryCatalog

DigitalCollections

LicensedDatabases

Other(e.g.,DSpace)

Many diverse, separate interfaces

Federated searching (metasearch)

Authentication layer

Unified Web Interface (Google-like)

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

24/33

Extending the Local Portal Dream

Find It AtCornell

Handbook of Usability TestingLinking from Google Scholar to theCornell online catalog.

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

25/33

Meetup

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

26/33

Outward Integration

Integration should be outward ratherthan inward, with libraries seeking to usetheir components in new ways

--Interviewee for LC report on future of the catalog

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

27/33

From a Distance!

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

28/33

Longer Term VisionSwitch users from where they find things to library-managed collections of all kindsLocal catalog one link in a chain of services, onerepository managed by the libraryMore coherent and comprehensive scholarlyinformation systems, perhaps by disciplineInfrastructure to permit global discovery and deliveryof information among open, loosely-coupled systemsCritical mass of digitized publications and specialcollections onlineMany starting points on the Web leading to many typesof scholarly information objects

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

29/33

Find It on Google,* Get It from MyLibrary

Open WorldCat

RedLight GreenGoogle ScholarGoogle Book SearchGoogle Library Project

Million Book ProjectOpen Content AllianceE-booksPrint on demand

*The word "google" was first used in the 1927 Little Rascals silent film"Dog Heaven", used to refer to a having a drink of water.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_(verb)

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

30/33

Intermediate Vision

Better library interface > better userexperience fun, fast, and focused (e.g.,Primo)Draw on the local catalogs strongest suit:support for inventory control and deliveryShared online catalogs: begin toaggregate discovery function for books,serials, and their e-counterparts

Larger scale collaboration on collectiondevelopment/resource sharing, storage,preservation

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

31/33

Intermediate Vision, 2

Start to build bigger scholarlyinformation environmentswithlibraries playing a roletoaggregate more of the expandinguniverse of scholarly digital assetsMetadata and outreach skills =strategic assets

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

32/33

Intermediate Vision, 3

Beginning of the era of specialcollectionsAggregate discovery of digitalcollectionsMore emphasis on visual resources

8/14/2019 16 2006 Karen Calhoun

33/33

Teaching, Learning, and Research, the NextGeneration

Thank You!Karen Calhoun,

Cornell Universityksc10@cornell.edu