15982096 Eagle 41 Tutorial English

8/14/2019 15982096 Eagle 41 Tutorial English

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EAGLE4.1forLinux andWindows

Schematic-Layout-Autorouter

Tutorial

CadSoftComputer,Inc.

www.cadsoftusa.com

Copyright2003CadSoftAllRightsReserved

1stEdition


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Ifyouhaveanyquestionspleasefeelfreetocontactus:

USAandothercountries:

Phone: +1(561)2748355,USAalso:1-800-858-8355

Fax: +1(561)2748218

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Fax: +49(0)86356989-40

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Andrememberthatweofferafreehotlineforourcustomers!

Copyright2003CadSoftComputer,Inc.Allrightsreservedworldwide

Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or

transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electonic,mechanical,photocopying,

recording,scanning,digitizing,orotherwise,withoutthepriorconsenseof

CadSoft.

WindowsisaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation.

LinuxisaregisteredtrademarkofLinusTorvalds.


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TableofContents

1WhattoexpectfromthisManual 7

2FeaturesofEAGLE 8

SystemRequirements 8ProfessionalVersion 8

General 8

LayoutEditor 9

SchematicModule 9

AutorouterModule 9

StandardEdition 10

LightEdition(Freeware) 10

3InstallationandProgramStart 11

Windows 11

Linux 11

4IndividualEAGLESetup 12

TheScriptFileeagle.scr 12

UserInterface 12

FunctionKeys 12

LayerColors 12

5TheConceptoftheEAGLEUserInterface 13

SelectingMenuItems 13

MouseClick 13

SeveralInputAlternatives 14

UseofKeyCombinations 14CommandandParameterInputviatheCommandLine 14

6ControlPanel 17

EAGLEFiles 18

BackupFiles 18

CreateEAGLEProjects 18

7LoadFileandSelectMonitorZoom 20

8SelectingLayersforDisplay 22

9SettingupGridandUnit 23

10Wires,Circles,Arcs,Rectangles,andText 24


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TheWIRECommand 24

ChangingLineWidth 25

ChangeObjecttoanotherLayer 26

Undo/RedoFunction 26TheCIRCLECommand 26

TheARCCommand 27

TheRECTCommand 27

TheTEXTCommand 28

SpecialTextVariables 29

11UsingLibraries 30

TheADDCommand 30

TheUSECommand 32

TheINVOKECommand 32

12DrawingaSchematic 34

Grid 34

AddingaFrametoaSchematic 34

AddingandChangingText 34

EnteringaSchematic 35

TheNETCommand 37

TheNAMECommand 37

TheLABELCommand 37

TheDELETECommand 37

TheJUNCTIONCommand 39

TheSHOWCommand 39

TheMOVECommand 40

HistoryFunction 40

CompletingtheSchematic 40

TheSMASHCommand 41

TheVALUECommand 41

TheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC) 42

GeneratingaBoardfromaSchematic 42TheBUSCommand 42

13AutomaticForward&BackAnnotation 44


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14DesigningaPCBoard 45

DesigningaBoardwithoutaSchematic 45

DefiningBoardShape 45

PlacementGrid 46PlacingComponents 46

PlacingSMDPackages 46

ProvidingNames 47

ProvidingValues 47

DefiningSignals 47

DefiningSignalClasses 48

CreatingaBoardfromaSchematic 49

GeneratingaBoardFile 49

ComponentPlacement 49

Autorouter:ABriefExample 50

RoutingManually 50

BoardChanges 51

FurtherUsageoftheLayoutEditor 52

The DISPLAYCommand 52

The MOVECommand 52

The GROUPCommand 53

The SPLITCommand 53

The CHANGECommand 53

The ROUTECommand 54

The RIPUPCommand 54

The SHOWCommand 55

RefreshScreen 55

Undo/RedoFunction 55

InnerLayers 55

SupplyLayers 55

CopperPouringwiththePOLYGONCommand 56

15Autorouter 5816DesignRuleCheck 60

17Libraries 61


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ResistorPackage 61

ResistorSymbol 63

ResistorDevice 63

18OutputofDrawingsandManufacturingData 67OutputaSchematicwiththePRINTCommand 67

GeneratingImageFilesforDocumentationPurpose 68

GeneratingGerberDatawiththeCAMProcessor 68

FurtherManufacturingData 69

19DataExchange 70

TheEAGLEUserLanguage 70

ScriptFiles

AFlexibleInputInterface 70


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1 WhattoexpectfromthisManual

ThistutorialprovidesabasicintroductiontotheEAGLEPCB-DesignPackage.

ItcoverstheuseoftheEAGLESchematicEditor,LayoutEditor,andAutorouter.Thisguidewillleadyouthroughtheprograminthenaturalorder,startingwiththeSchematicEditormoduleandworkingthroughtoboarddesignandautorouting.Youwillbenefitmostbygoingthroughtheentiredocument.

Youshouldbefamiliarwiththeuseofthebasicfunctionsofyouroperat-ingsystem.Expressionslike enlargetheeditorwindow willbeusedwithoutfurtherexplanation.

Havingcompletedthistutorialyoushouldbeabletostartworkingonase-riousproject.Whilecreatingyourinitialdesigns,however,youshouldfre-quentlyusethehelpfunctionandtheEAGLEReferenceManualtolearnmoreaboutspecificdetails.Onlythenwillyoubeabletotakefulladvan-tageofEAGLEscapabilities.

Youwilllearnhowtousemostoftheprogramcommands,althoughnotallofthefeatureswhichmakeEAGLEsopowerfulandflexiblearediscussedinthisintroduction forexamplethepossibilitiesoftheSET,SCRIPT,andRUNcommands(seehelp).

BeforeyoubeginyoushouldconsulttheREADMEfileandthefileswiththeextension *.txt in eagle/doc.

AlthoughthistutorialisbasedontheWindowsversionofEAGLE,thedif-ferencestoLinuxareminimal.

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EAGLE-TutorialVersion4.1


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2 FeaturesofEAGLE

SystemRequirements

EAGLEisapowerfulgraphicseditorfordesigningPC-boardlayoutsandschematics.InordertorunEAGLEthefollowinghardwareisrequired:

IBM-compatiblecomputer(586andabove)with

Windows95/98/ME,WindowsNT4/2000/XPor

Linuxbasedonkernel2.x,libc6andX11withaminimumcolordepthof8bpp,

aharddiskwithaminimumof50Mbytefreememory,

aminimumgraphicsresolutionof1024x768pixels,and

preferablya3-buttonmouse.

ProfessionalVersion

General

maximumdrawingarea64x64inches(about1600x1600mm)

resolution1/10.000mm(0.1microns)

mmorinchgrid

upto255layers,userdefinablecolors

commandfiles(Scriptfiles)

C-likeUserLanguagefordataimportandexport

simplelibraryediting

compositionofuser-definedlibrarieswithalreadyexistingelementsbyDrag&Drop

easygenerationofnewpackagevariantsfromanylibrarybyDrag&Drop

freerotationofpackagevariants(0.1degreesteps)

librarybrowserwithpowerfulsearchfunction

supportoftechnologyfeature(e.g.74L00,74LS00..)

generationofgraphicsoutputaswellasmanufacturingandtestingoutputwiththeCAMprocessororthehelptheUserLanguage

printoutsviatheOS'sprinterdrivers

user-definable,freeprogrammableUserLanguagetogeneratedataformountingmachines,testequipments,millingmachinesoranyotherdataformat

partlistgenerationwithdatabasesupport(bom.ulp)

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Drag&DropintheControlPanel

automaticbackupfunction

LayoutEditor

fullSMDsupport

supportofblindandburiedvias

rotationofelementsinarbitraryangles(0.1-degreesteps)

textscanbeplacedinanyorientation

dynamiccalculationofsignallineswhileroutingthelayout

trackscanbelayedoutwithroundedcornersinanyradius

miteringtosmoothwirejoints

DesignRuleCheckforboardlayouts(checkse.g.overlaps,measuresofpadsortracks)

copperpouring(groundplains)

packagevariantssupport

SchematicModule

upto99sheetsperschematic

simplecopyingofparts

Online-Forward&BackAnnotationbetweenschematicandboard automaticboardgeneration

automaticgenerationofsupplysignals

ElectricalRuleCheck(errorcheckintheschematicandconsistencycheckbetweenschematicandlayout)

AutorouterModule

fullyintegratedintobasicprogram

usesthelayout'sDesignRules changebetweenmanualandautomaticroutingatanytime

ripup&retryalgorithm

user-definablestrategybycostfactors

routinggriddownto0.02mm(about0.8mil)

noplacementrestrictions

upto16signallayers(withuserdefinablepreferreddirections)

upto14supplylayers

fullsupportofblindandburiedvias

takesintoconsiderationvarioussignalclasses

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StandardEdition

ThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheStandardEditionintheLayoutEditor:

Thelayoutareaisrestrictedtoamaximumof160x100mm(about6.3x3.9inches).Outsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacepackagesanddrawsignals.

Amaximumnumberof4signallayersareallowed(top,bottom,and2innerlayer).

LightEdition(Freeware)

ThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheEAGLELightVersion,whichisavailableasFreeware(fortestingandevaluation):

Theboardareaisrestrictedto100x80mm(about3.9x3.2inches).Outsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacepackagesanddrawsignals.

Onlytwosignallayerscanbeused(noinnerlayers).

Aschematiccanconsistofonlyonesinglesheet.

Largerlayoutsandschematicscanbeprintedwiththe smaller editions.TheCAMprocessorcangeneratemanufacturingdataaswell.

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3 InstallationandProgramStart

Windows

InsertthemediaintotheCD-ROMdrive.Selectthedesiredmenuitemdi-rectlyintheCD-ROMstartwindow.

Ifthestartwindowdoesnotautomaticallyappear,double-clickontheCD-ROMsymbolin MyComputer.

Followtheinstructionsonthescreen.

FortheFreewareinstallationyoudonotneeda UserLicenseCertificate.Answerthequestionforavalidlicensebyclicking Runasfreeware.

IfyoudecidetouninstallEAGLE,usethe unInstallShield programwhich

willbeinstalledalongwiththeEAGLEprogram.TheEAGLECD-ROMsuppliesaplayableFreeware.Youcanstartitwith-outinstallingitonyourharddisk.Buttherearesomeminorrestrictionsduetothefact,thatEAGLEcan'twritefilesontheCD-ROM.

Linux

InserttheCDandmounttheCD-ROMdrive.

Choosethecorrespondingdirectory(/english/linux/install) andreadtheinstallationnotesinthe README file.WhileinstallingtheprogramyouwillbeaskedifyouwanttorunEAGLEasFreewareorasalicensedver-sion.Choose Runasfreeware,ifyoudon'thaveavalidlicense.

TheEAGLECD-ROMsuppliesaplayableFreeware.YoucanrunitfromCD-ROMdirectly.ThereforyouhavetomounttheCD-ROMdriveasexecutable.Buttherearesomeminorrestrictionsduetothefact,thatEAGLEcan'twritefilesontheCD-ROM.

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4 IndividualEAGLESetup

Apartfromthebasicinstallation,EAGLEallowstheusertocustomizecer-tainprogramfeatures,suchastheconfigurationofmenus,functionkeys,

orscreencolors.Alotofthesesettingscanbemadeinthe Options menuintheControlPanelorinoneoftheeditorwindows.

TheScriptFileeagle.scr

Inthespecialcommandfile(scriptfile) eagle.scr presetvaluesfortheSche-matic,Layout,andLibraryEditorscanbeenteredintheformofEAGLEcommands.Thosewhowouldliketousethesepossibilitiesshouldgetac-quaintedwiththeEAGLEcommandlanguage. ThesyntaxofeachEAGLE

commandis describedintheEAGLEhelp.

UserInterface

Theuserinterfacecanbesetindividually.Clickthe Options/UserinterfacemenuintheControlPanel orinoneoftheEditorwindows.Thetutorialpresupposesthatyouareusingthedefaultsettings.

FunctionKeys

Severalfunctionkeysarepredefinedwithdifferentcommands.Thislayoutcanbechangedbytheuseratanytime.However,operatingsystemspecifickeys(likeF1forthehelpfunctioninWindows)mustnotberedefined.Thecurrentfunctionkeyslayoutcanbefoundinthemenu Options/Assign.

LayerColors

Thelayercolorsarefreelydefinable.Inthe Options/Set, Color tab,youcandefinecolorvalues.Youalwayshavetodefineapairofcolors:

Thenormalcolorofthelayerandthe highlight color,whichisusedtoem-phasizeanobjectwhileusingtheSHOWorMOVEcommand.UsetheDISPLAYmenu, Change button, Color itemtoassigncolorstolayers.

Additionalinformationconcerningconfigurationcanbefoundinthehelpfunction.Seetheitems SET, ASSIGN, UserInterface, CHANGE,andProject.

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5 TheConceptoftheEAGLEUserInterface

Internally,EAGLEhasbeensetupinsuchaway,thatanyactionisiniti-atedbyacommandstring.Normallytheuseractivatesthesecommandsby

clickingonmenuitemsortoolbaricons.Valuesarenormallyenteredintoappropriatefields.

Theknowledgeoftheinternalcommandlanguageisnotnecessarytosuc-cessfullydesignschematicsandboardswithEAGLE.However,thiscon-ceptoffersfurtherpossibilitieswhichmakeEAGLEaveryflexibletool:Anycommand,forinstance,canbeenteredintextformatviathecommandlineorcanbereadfromafile.Furthermore,commandstringscanbeassignedindividuallytofunctionkeys(ASSIGNcommand).Thisenablestheusere.g.toexecutecommandsequenceswithakeystrokeora

fewmouseclicks(seeSCRIPTcommand).

ThistutorialusesasimplifiednotationforvariousactionsinEAGLEwhichisexplainedinthefollowingexamples.

SelectingMenuItems

Thecharacter means,thatamenuselectionistobemade.Forexample

File/Savemeans:clickthe File menuwiththeleftmousebuttonandnextclick Save.

MouseClick

Actionstobecarriedoutwithaclickoftheleftmousebuttonarerepre-sentedwithadot.Forexample:

MOVE and F1

means:clicktheMOVEcommandwiththeleftmousebuttonandthenpressthefunctionkeyF1.

Actionstobecarriedoutwithadoubleclickoftheleftmousebuttonarerepresentedwithtwodots.Forexample

linear.lbr

means:select linear.lbr withadoubleclickoftheleftmousebuttonfromthemenu.

Somecommandshavespecialfunctionsincombinationwiththe Shift, Ctrl,

and Alt key.Pleaseseedetailedinformationinthecommandreferenceofthehelpfunction.

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SeveralInputAlternatives

EAGLEcommandscanbeenteredviakeyboard,byclickingiconsorbyclickingmenuitems.

Thefollowingactions,forexample,willexecutetheMOVEcommand:

Clickingtheicon

Typing MOVE inthecommandline,followedbythe Enter key

PressingthefunctionkeyF7whichisassignedtotheMOVEcommand

Selectingthemenuitem Edit/Move

Inthistutorialwewillmainlyworkwiththetoolbars.Forthesakeofclar-itythecommandsareshowastext:

MOVE

means:clicktheMOVEicon

UseofKeyCombinations

A+characterindicatesthatthefirstkeyishelddownwhilepressingthesecondkey.Forexample:

Alt+F2

The Alt keyishelddownwhilepressingF2,thenreleasebothkeys.

CommandandParameterInputviatheCommandLine

Actionswhichneedtobeterminatedwiththe Enter (i.e.return)keyaresymbolizedwiththecharacter .Forexample

USE

means:type USE andnextpressthe Enter key.

Anythingthatistobetypedexactlyasitappears,willappearinthetextasfollows:

CHANGEWIDTH0.024

NormallyEAGLEdoesnotdifferentiatebetweenupperandlowercasecharacters.Thereforeyoucanentertheabovecommandas

changewidth0.024

Youmayabbreviatethekeywords.Theaboveinputmaythereforebesim-plifiedto

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chawid0.024

Inthistutorial,however,thefullcommandsareused.

Thefollowingfiguresshowwhichcommandsareactivatedwiththevarioustoolbaricons.AdditionalhelpisofferedbytheBubbleHelptextwhichap-pearsassoonasthemousecursorispositionedonaniconforacertaintime.Thistextshowsthecommandname.

TheLayoutEditorwindowFromtoptobottom:title,menubar,actiontoolbar,dynamicparametertoolbarandcoordinatesdisplaywithcommandline.Ontheleftthecom-mandtoolbar.TheBubbleHelptextdescribestheWIREicon.Thestatusbarbelowshowsashortdescriptionofthecurrentcommand.

Thetoolbarscanbedisplayed/hiddeninthe Options/Userinterface menu.Additionallyonehasthepossiblilitytouseatextmenuinsteadofthe

showncommandtoolbar.

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CommandtoolbaroftheSchematicEditor(left)andtheLayoutEditor(right)

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Info

Display

Move

Mirror

Group

Cut

Delete

Pinswap

Name

Smash

Split

Wire

Circle

Rectangle

Bus

Junction

ERC

Show

Mark

Copy

Rotate

Change

PasteAdd

Gateswap

Value

Miter

Invoke

Text

Arc

Polygon

Net

Label

Info

Display

Move

Mirror

Group

Cut

Delete

Pinswap

Name

Smash

Split

Route

Wire

Circle

Rectangle

Via

Hole

Ratsnest

ERC

Errors

Show

Mark

Mirror

Rotate

Change

Paste

Add

Replace

ValueMiter

Optimize

Ripup

Text

Arc

Polygon

Signal

Auto

DRC


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6 ControlPanel

AfterstartingEAGLE,theControlPanelwillbeopened.Itallowsyoutoloadandsaveprojectsaswellastosetupcertainprogramparameters.Right

mouseclicktoanentryinthe Projects branchofthetreeviewopensacon-textmenuthatallowstostartanewproject.

ThetreeviewallowsaquicksurveyofEAGLE'slibraries.Double-clickanentryinthe Libraries branch.Nowthecontentsofthelibraryisdisplayed.Selectinganobjectshowsashortdescriptivetextontheright.

ControlPanel:Previewofthelibrarycontents

TheControlPaneloffersalso anoverviewofUserLanguageprograms,Scriptfiles,andCAMjobs.Tryselectingvariousentries.Ontherightyouwillgetthereferringdescription.

TheControlPanelsupportsDrag&Drop inusualmanner.Arightmouseclickonanyentryinthetreeviewopensacontextmenuthatoffersop-tionslikeprint,open,copy,etc.

Thepathesforeachbranchofthetreeviewaresetin Options/Directories.

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EAGLEFiles

ThefollowingtableliststhemostimportantfiletypesthatcanbeeditedwithEAGLE:

Type Window Name

Board LayoutEditor *.brdSchematic SchematicEditor *.schLibrary LibraryEditor *.lbrScriptFile TextEditor *.scrUserLanguageProgram TextEditor *.ulpAnytextfile TextEditor *.*

TheLinuxversiononlyrecognizeslowercaseletterfileextensions!

BackupFiles

EAGLEcreatesbackupdataofschematic,board,andlibraryfiles.Theywillbesavedwithmodifiedfileextensions:.brd becomes .b#1, .sch becomes .s#1, and .lbr becomes .l#1.Therecanbeamaximumnumberof9backupfiles.ItisalsopossibletohaveEAGLEfilessavedinacertaintime-interval.Inthiscasethefilesgettheextension b##, s## or l##.Thefilescanbeusedagainafterrenamingthemwiththeoriginalfileextension.Allsettingsconcerningbackupscanbedoneinthe Options/Backup menuoftheControlPanel.

CreateEAGLEProjects

Letscreateanewprojectfirst.Afterstartingtheprogram,first the+characterofthe Projects path,then the+characteroftheentries examplesand tutorialinthetreeview.Thecontentsofthe tutorialdirectoryappears.

tutorialwiththerightmousebutton.Selecttheoption NewProject inthepopupmenu.Namethenewproject MyProject,forexample andhitthe En-ter key. ThiswayyouarecreatingasubdirectoryoftutorialthatisnamedMyProject.Thisdirectoryshouldcontainalldatafilesthatbelongtoyourproject.Ofcourseyoumaydefineadditionalsubdirectories.

Todefinethepathwhereyourprojectdirectorieswillbestored,clickOptions/Directories andenteritinthe Projects field.

Arightmouseclickontheprojectentryandyoucanopennewschematics,

layoutsandlibraries.Eachprojectdirectorycontainsafilenamed eagle.epfwhichstoresproject-specificsettings,windowpositionsetc.

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Thecurrentlyactiveprojectischecked(green)intheControlPanel.Afterstartingtheprogramagaintheprevioussituationwillberestored.Thelastusedprojectandotheruser-specificsettingsaresavedinthefile ~/.eaglerc(Linux)or eaglerc.usr (Windows).

Beforestartingthefollowingexampleswewanttocopythefiles demo1.sch,demo2.sch,and demo2.brd intothedirectory MyProject.Pressthe Ctrlkey,clickthedesiredfileanddragittothe tutorialentry.Re-leasethemousebuttonnow.Repeatthisfortheotherfiles.The Ctrlkeyeffectuatesthatthefileswillbecopied,otherwisetheywouldbemovedtothetargetdirectory.

Nowopentheschematicfile demo1.sch withadoubleclick.

IfyouendtheprogramwithAlt+Xandstartitagain,youwillgetthepre-

vioussettingsandeditorwindows.

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7 LoadFileandSelectMonitorZoom

Nowletusstartdoingsomeexercises.StartEAGLE,andwaituntiltheControlPanelappears.

Expandtheentry Projects/examples/tutorial/MyProject ofthetreeview.Nowloadthe demo2.brd file.Youcandothiseitherby theentrydemo2.brd,orbyselectingthefilefromthemenu File/Open/Board.Theschematicwiththesamenamewillbeloadedalongwiththeboard.

Enlargetheboardeditorwindow.

Firstclicktheicon intheactiontoolbartozoomintothedrawing.ThisWINDOWcommandcanalsobeexecutedbypressingthefunction

keyF3.Ifyouareworkingwithawheelmouse,youcanzoomintooroutofthedrawingbyturningthemousewheel.Thesettingfor Mousewheelzoom=0 inthe Options/UserInterface menudeactivatesthisfeature.Thezoomfactorcanbesetwiththeoption Mousewheelzoom.

Clickthisicon orpressF4tozoomoutofthedrawing.

Byclickingthisicon thedrawingwillbeshowninfullsizetofityour

screen(youcanalsouseAlt+F2instead).

Clickthisicon andthenmarkarectangularareabydraggingthemousecursorwhiletheleftmousebuttonispressed.Thenreleasethemousebutton.Themarkedareawillnowbedisplayed.

Tomovethechosenwindowsimplyclickthemiddlemousebuttonandmovethemouse.ThisalsoworkswhileanEditorcommandisactive,forexample,

whiledrawingnetsorwires.

Ifthecursorisovertheverticalorhorizontalscrollbarandyouarework-ingwithawheelmouse,youcanmovethescreenupanddownortotherightorleftbyturningthemousewheel.

Duringcertainactionsitmayhappenthatobjectsinthedrawingdisappearorgetcorrupted.InthiscaserefreshthescreenbyclickingtheRedrawicon

(alsoF2possible).

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TheWINDOWcommandismoreversatilethaninotherprograms:

Clickthisicon ifyouwanttoselectanewcenterwiththesamezoomfactor,markthecenterwithaclickandfinallyclickonthetrafficlighticon

intheactiontoolbar.Ifyouwanttoselectanewcenterandanewzoomfactorsimultaneously,clickonthesameicon.Threemouseclickswillgiveyouthedesiredresult:thefirstclickwilldefinethenewcenterandbothlastclickswilldefinethezoomfactor.Ifthethirdpointisfurtherawayfromthefirst,theprogramwillzoomintothedrawingandviceversa.Tryittofindouthowitworks.

FurtherpossibilitiescanbefoundonthehelppagesoftheWINDOW

command.Thesecanbecalledupbysimplytypinginthecommandline:HELPWINDOW

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8 SelectingLayersforDisplay

EAGLE-Drawingscontainobjectsindifferentdrawinglayers.Inordertoobtainausefulresultseverallayersarecombinedfortheoutput.Forexam-

ple,thecombinationofTop,Pad,andVialayersisusedtogenerateafilmforetchingthecomponentsideoftheprinted-circuitboard.ConsequentlythecombinationofBottom,Pad,andVialayersisusedtogeneratethefilmforthesoldersideoftheboard.ThePadlayercontainsthethrough-holesforthecomponentconnectionsandthevialayercontainsthevia-holeswhichareneededwhenasignaltrackchangestoanotherlayer.

Loadtheboard demo2.brd usingthemenu File/Open/Board andclickinthecommandtoolbarontheiconfortheDISPLAYcommand(lookatthetoolbarlayoutonthepreviouspages).Themarkedlayersarecurrentlydis-

played.Byclickingonthelayernumberthedisplayofeachlayercanbeswitchedonoroff.The Alland None buttonsswitchonoroffalllayers.

Byselecting/deselectinglayer21 tPlace (silkscreenupperside),thelayers23 tOrigins,25 tNames,27 tValues,and51 tDocu areselected/deselected,too.Thesameappliestolayer22 bPlace (silkscreenbottomside).

Veryimportant: Componentsonlayer1 Top canonlybemovedorse-lectedinthedrawingiflayer23 tOrigins ison.Thesameappliestocompo-nentsonlayer16 Bottom andthelayer24 bOrigins.

ToselectacertainlayerintheDISPLAYmenuclickonthelayername.Nowyoucanusethe Change buttontomodifythelayer'spropertieslikename,color,orfillstyle.

PleaseconsultthehelppageoftheLAYERcommandforthemeaningofthedifferentEAGLElayers.

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9 SettingupGridandUnit

Schematics shouldalwaysbedrawnonagridof0.1inches(2,54mm)sincethelibrariesaredefinedthisway.

Thegridfor boards isdeterminedbythecomponentsusedandbythecomplexityoftheboard.

GridandunitaresetupwiththeGRIDcommandbyclickingontheGRID

icon intheparametertoolbar.

Allvaluesaregiveninthecurrentlyselectedunit.PleaseconsultthehelppagesoftheGRIDcommandfordetailedinformation.

ForallsettingsintheDesignRuleswindow(Edit/DesignRules...)onecanusevaluesinmilorinmillimeters(1mil=1/1000inch).Thedefaultunitismil.Ifyouprefertoworkwithmillimeterssimplyaddtheunittothevalue,forexample:

0.2mm

Inch-Mil-MillimeterTablefortheMostUsualValues:

inchmilmm0,00880,2032

0,010100,2540

0,012120,3048

0,016160,4064

0,024240,6096

0,032320,8128

0,040401,0160

0,050501,2700

0,1001002,5400

TheGRIDdialogallowssettinganalternativegridwhichcanbeactivatedbypressingthe Alt keyintheEditorwindow.

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10 Wires,Circles,Arcs,Rectangles,andText

Wires,circles,arcs,rectangles,andtextarecreatedwiththeWIRE,CIRCLE,ARC,RECTANGLEandTEXTcommands.Ononehandthese

objectsserveaspuredrawingelementsforsymbols,packages,framesetc.,andontheotherhandtheycanperformspecialfunctions,suchasthedefi-nitionofrestrictedareas.

Firstanewschematicfileistobecreated.Closealloftheeditorwindowsandselect

File/New/Schematic

fromtheControlPanel.

Anewfilewiththename untitled.sch isnowcreated.Normallyyoushould

neversaveafilewiththename untitled,butshoulduse File/Saveas tochooseadifferentname. However,inthistutorialnofileistobesavedatall.

Nowenlargetheeditorwindow.

TheWIRECommand

TheWIREcommandisusedtodrawlines.

ClicktheWIREcommandinthecommandtoolbar.Allparametersforthiscommandcanbesetupintheparametertoolbar.Nextselectlayer94, Sym-bols,fromthelayer-selectioncombobox.Inthislayerarectangularlineistobedrawn.

ParametersoftheWIREcommand

Definethestartingpointbyaclickonthelefthandmousebutton.Move

thecursorslightlyuptotherightandpresstherighthandmousebuttonafewtimes. Thiswayonechangesthebendmode(wirebend).Amongsomediagonalandorthogonalmodiyouwillfindsometodraw90-arcsandfreedefinablearcs.However,intheSchematicEditorthearcmodicanbeselectedonlyintheparametertoolbar,notwiththerightmousebutton.Keepingthe Shift keypressedwhileclickingtherightmousebuttonwillchangetheselectionorder.Pressingthe Ctrlkeytogglesbetweencorre-spondingwirebends.

Whentheconnectionisdisplayedinasquareangle,pressthelefthandbut-tontofixitsposition.Nowmovethecursortothestartingpointand todroptheline.Nowyoushouldbeabletoseearectangularoutline.As

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observedbefore,ananglebetweenwiresegmentscanbecreatedbyclickingtherighthandmousebutton.Thisismoreeffectivethanusingthesymbolsintheparametertoolbar.

IntheLayoutEditor:

Ifthelines(WIREcommand)areplacedontheboardlayersTop,Bottom,orRoute2..15EAGLEtreatsthemaselectricallyconductingtracks.Wiresarealsousedtocreateboardoutlines.Letsstartusingthiscommand.

ChangingLineWidth

AslongastheWIREcommandisactive,youcanselectthelinewidthfromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbarortypeinaspecificvalue,separateforeachsegment.

Tochangethelinewidthofanexistingobject,

CHANGE iconinthecommandtoolbarandapopupmenuwillopenup.

WIDTH entryandafurtherpopupmenuwillshowupwherethepresentvalueismarked.

Selectthedesiredvaluebyaleftmouseclick,thenclicktheobjecttobechanged.

TochangethelinewidthtoavaluethatisnotshowninthemenuoftheCHANGEcommand,clicktheentry ... andtypeinthevalueintheChangeWidth window.Alternativelyusethecommandlinetotypeinthevalue,forexample:

CHANGEWIDTH0.017 Thenclickonthewiresegmentyouwanttochangeorstartdrawinganewwire.

Tochangethewirestyle CHANGEand Style.Selectthestyleand thewireyouwanttochange.

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ChangeObjecttoanotherLayer

Tomoveanobject,forexampleawiresegment,toanotherlayer

CHANGE

LAYERSelectthetargetlayer,forexample94 Symbols,by . Then OK,andthen ontheselectedobject(s).Notethatsomeobjects,suchasbusornetlines,cannotbemovedtoanotherlayerastheyhaveaspecialmeaning.

Undo/RedoFunction

OneofthemostusefulfeaturesofEAGLEistheunlimitedUndofunc-tion.Clickthelefticonasmanytimesasyouwanttoundopreviousac-

tions.Usetherighticontoredotheactionswhichhavebeencancelledbyundo.

TheCIRCLECommand

ToactivateCIRCLE,whichisusedtodrawacircle,

CIRCLE

EAGLErequirestwomouseclickstodefineacircle.Thefirstclicksetsthecenterofthecircleandthesecondclickdefinestheradius.

Placethecursoratanygridpointand . Dragthecursorseveralgridpointstotheright.Whenthecirclehasthediameteryouwant, tofixitandter-minatethecommand.Thelinewidthofthecirclecanbechangedasde-scribedbeforeforwires.Acirclewithlinewidth0willbefilled.

Examplefordrawingacircleusingcoordinatevalues:

Acirclewiththeoriginatpositionx=10andy=25andaradiusof15mmshouldbedrawn.

Firstsetthegridtomillimeter:

GRIDMM

Drawthecirclenow:

CIRCLE(1025)(1040)

or

CIRCLE(1025)(1010) Thesecondpairofcoordinatesdescribesanylocationonthe

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circumference.Sovariousvaluesarepossibletodescribeonecertaincircle.

TofindoutmoreabouttheCIRCLEcommandpressF1aslongasthecommandisactivatedortype

HELPCIRCLE .

Tocancelacommand,clickthestopsigniconoractivateanothercom-mand.Pressingthe Esc keygenerallyunlocksanobjectfromthecursor.

TheARCCommand

ToactivatetheARCcommand,whichisusedfordrawingarcs,

ARC

Anarcisdefinedwiththreemouseclicks:thefirstclickdefinesthestartpoint,thesecondthediameterandthethirdtheendpoint.

Placethecursoratthedesiredstartingpointand .NowmovethecursorsomegridunitstotherightbutremainonthesameY-coordinate.Acircleappearswhichshowsthediameterofthearc. andthecirclewillbecomeanarc.Nowyoucanchangethedirectionofthearcwiththerightmousebutton.Clickseveraltimeswiththerightbuttonandyouwillseewhatismeant.Youcanalsoenlargeorminimizethearcbymovingthemouse.Af-

terreachingthedesiredform, tofixthearc.Theparameters flat and round determinetheshapeofthearc'sends.

Practicebydrawingsomearcs.UsethehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreabouttheARCcommand.

AllthiscanbedonewiththeWIREcommandaswell!

TheRECTCommand

ToactivatetheRECTcommand,usedforcreatingfilledrectangles, RECT

Todefinearectangletwomouseclicksarerequired:Thefirstonewillde-termineonecornerandtheseconddeterminesthepositionoftheoppositecorner.

Movethecursortothepointwhereacorneroftherectangleshouldbeand. Movethecursorslightlytotherightandup.Whentherectanglehasreachedthedesiredsize, tofixit.Therectangleisfilledwiththecolorof

thelayerinuse.UsethehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreabouttheRECTcommand.

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TheTEXTCommand

ToactivatetheTEXTcommand,usedforplacingtext,

TEXT

Nowtypethedesiredtextand OK. Thenplacethetextwith . Acopyofthesametextisnowattachedtothecursor.Tostopplacingtextsimplyclickthenextcommandicon.Forplacingadifferenttext,typethetextandterminateitwiththe Enter key.Thetextwillshowupinthecommandline.

Textscontainingspacesorasemicolonhavetobeenclosedinsinglequotes,likethisone:

'Thisisatext'

Tochangethetextfont:

CHANGE

FONT

EAGLEsupportsavector,aproportional,andafixedfont.

Tochangethesizeofatext:

CHANGE

SIZE

Valueinthemenu

ortypeinanydesiredvalueinthecommandline(confirmwiththe Enterkey) and lowerleftcornerofthetext.Atarotatedtextthepointofori-gincanmovetoitsupperrightcorner. Atextinaschematicis alwaysdis-playedinawaythatitcanbereadfromthefrontorfromtheright.

TheLayout Editorallowstodisplaytextsinanyorientation.Usethe SpinflagwhichislocatedintheparametertoolbarwhiletheTEXT,MOVE,orROTATEcommandisactivetogettextsreadablefromalldirections.

Tochangeatext

CHANGE

TEXT

and atthepointoforiginofthetext,theneditthetextand on OK.

Using

CHANGE

RATIO

youcanchangethelinewidthinatextinrelationtotheheightofthevec-torfont.

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SeehelppageformoreinformationaboutTEXTandCHANGE.

SpecialTextVariables

Ifyouplacethetext

>SHEET

thisstringwillbesubstitutedwiththecurrentsheetnumber,e.g. 1/1 (sheetoneoftotally1).

EAGLEoffersanumberofsimilartextvariables,e.g.fordate/timewhichreflectthelatestchangeinthefile(>LAST_DATE_TIME)orthedrawingoutput(>PLOT_DATE_TIME).

Librarypartsaredefinedwithtextvariablesforthename>NAMEandthe

value>VALUEofacomponent. Furthermoreonecanuse >PARTand>GATE forsymbols.

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11 UsingLibraries

EAGLEcomeswithalotoflibraryfilesthatcontainthrough-holeandsur-facemountdevices.ThetreeviewinEAGLE'sControlPaneloffersde-

tailedinformationaboutthecontentsofthelibraries.Inthissectionyouwilllearnhowtoinsertschematicsymbolsintoadrawingandhowtousethem.

OpenanewschematictostartwithablankdrawingareaFile/New/Schematic.

TheADDCommand

Toselectsymbolsfromalibrary, ADD inthecommandtoolbar,anda

windowpopsup. Ontheleftsidealistofavailablelibrariesshouldappear.Eachlibraryentrycanbeopenedbyclickingthe+character.Nowit'scon-tentswillbeshown.Selectanentryandyouwillseethecorrespondingpreviewontheright.

Nowyoucanenteronormoresearchpatternsinthe Search field.Youmayusethenameofadeviceoranywordofthedevicedescription.Wildcardslike*and?areallowed.

IftherearenoentriesvisibleafterusingADDforthefirsttime,nolibra-

rieshavebeenloaded.Inthiscase,pleasereadthefollowingchapterdealingwith theUSEcommand.

Wewanttoplace,forexample,thedevice74LS00.Enterinthe Search field:

74*00* or 74LS00*

*isthewildcardofthetechnologyand/orthepackagevariant.Thesearchresultshowsthedeviceinvarioustechnologiesandpackagevariants.Selectthedesireddeviceand OK.Nowyoucanplaceitintheschematic.

Placethecursorslightlytotheleftofthedisplaycenterand . Movethe

cursortotheright,andplaceasecondgatewiththenextmouseclick.Placefourgatesaroundthecenterofthedrawingareainthisway.

Nowplaceafifthgatesomewherenearby.PleasenotethatEAGLEhasnamedthefirstfourgatesIC1A..IC1D,whereasthefifthgatehasbeennamedIC2A,sincethisgaterequiresasecondIC.

Ifyounowshowthelayer93, Pins,eitherasdescribedbeforeorbytyping

DISPLAYPINS

inthecommandline,furtherpinparametersaredisplayedingreen.Zoominonthedrawing,sothatagateisshownonalargescale.YouwillseethatthepinsaremarkedasInput(In)orOutput(Out),andthatanumber

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showstheSwaplevel.ASwaplevelgreaterthan0indicatesthatthispincanbeswappedwithan-otherpinofthesamedevicewhichhasthesameSwaplevelassignment(seecommandPINSWAP).Apinwithaswaplevelof1,forexample,canbe

swappedwithanyotherpinthathasaswaplevelof1.Swaplevel0meansthatthispincannotbeswapped.

Thelayer93,Pins,isnotusuallyprinted(PRINTcommand).

AslongastheADDcommandisstillactive,agatesymbolwillbeattachedtothecursor.

NowusetheZoom-iniconorthe F4 keytoviewalargerportionoftheschematiconthedisplay.Thenpressthe Esc keytotheselectionwindowoftheADDcommand.

Enterthefollowingpatterninthe Search field:*555N* or *555*

Select,forexample,thedeviceLM555Nfrom linear.lbr with ,rotateit180degreeswithtworightmouseclicks,andplaceitsomewhereonthedrawingareawiththeleftmousebutton.

Repeatthiswithothersymbols.YouwillfindoutthatthelibrariescontainsymbolsdrawnintheEuropeanandtheAmericanway.Choosewhateveryouprefer.

WhiletheADDcommandisactive,youcanreturntotheADDmenubypressingthe Esc key.Pressthe Esc keyagainandthecommandwillbecancelled.

AnotherwaytoplacedevicesintheschematicistodragthemfromthetreeviewintheControlPanelintotheSchematicEditorwindow.Arrangethewindowsinawaythatyoucanseebothonthescreen.Select,forexample,thedevice LM555N from linear.lbr inthetreeview(Librariesbranch).UseDrag&DroptomovethedeviceintotheSchematicEditor.

Ifyouselectadevicethatsupportsmorethanonepackageortechnologyvariant,youwillbeaskedtoselectthevariantinamenubeforedroppingit.

EAGLE,bydefault,assumesthatallactivecomponentswillbeattachedtothesamepowersourceandground.Thepowerpinsarethereforenotshown,andareautomaticallyconnectedtothePowerSourceandGroundwhengeneratingaboard(unlesstheuserconnectsthemtoothersignals). UsetheINVOKEcommandincaseyouwanttoplaceitintheschematic.

MostoftheEAGLElibrarydevices,whichhaveonlyone VCCandoneGNDpin,aredefinedsothatthepowerpins,bydefault,arenotvisible.InsomecasesitmakessensetomakethepowerpinsinanICvisible,asinthe555Nstoredinthelinearlibrary.Insuchacaseconnectthepowerpinswiththe

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appropriatenets.

ThehelpfunctioninEAGLEoffersinformationaboutfurtheroptionsofthecommandsADDandUPDATEconcerningtheupdateoflibraryob-jectsinschematicandlayoutwiththeirrespectivepartsofthecurrent

libraries.

TheUSECommand

ThedefaultsettingcausestheADDcommandtosearchinalllibrariesthatareavailableinthegivenlibrariesdirectories( Options/Directories/Li-braries intheControlPanel).YoucanexcludelibrariesfromthesearchfunctionbyclickingthegreenmarkerintheControlPanel'streeview, Li-braries branch.Greenmeansinuse,graynotused.Thisisexactlythefunc-

tionoftheUSEcommandyoucanalsotypeonthecommandline.Forexample,thecommand

USE*

makesavailablealllibrariesthatcanbefoundinthegivenlibrarypaths.Moreaboutthiscanbefoundinthehelpfunction.

TheINVOKECommand

TheINVOKEcommandcanbeusedtoallowtheconnectionofactivecomponentstoapowersourceotherthanVCCandGND.Todemon-strateitsuse

INVOKE

andleftclickonthegateIC2A.Apopupmenuappears. PWRN andthepowerpinsforIC2areattachedtothecursor.Youcannowplacethemanywherewitha andconnectthemtoanynet.

AnotherfeatureoftheINVOKEcommandallowsyoutoalterthese-

quenceofthereferencedesignatorsbeforeEAGLEautomaticallymakesanassignment.AssumingtheINVOKEcommandisstillactive, IC2A, andthepopupmenuappears.TheasteriskassignedtogateAindicatesthatthegatehasbeenused;thosewithoutanasteriskareavailableforuse.

IfyouwantIC2CtobeplacedbeforeIC2B, C inthepopupmenu.Themenucloses,andIC2Cisattachedtothecursortobeplacedwitha .OnceIC2Cisplaced,EAGLEwilluseuptheremaininggatesinthatpack-agebeforeassigninganadditionalpackage.

Ifyouwanttoplacegatesovermorethanonesheet,usetheINVOKEcommandonthenewsheetandtypeintheelement'snameinthecom-mandline.Nowtheinvokemenupopsup.

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Donthesitatetoexperimentwithdifferentlibrariesandwithplacingandrotatingschematicsymbols.

Youcanplacedevicesinadrawingfromasmanylibrariesasyouwant.De- vicesaresavedintheschematicorboardfilesintheirentirety. Whenpassing

onafile,thereisnoneedtosupplythelibrarieswiththem.

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12 DrawingaSchematic

Inthissectionyouwilllearnhownetsandbusesareusedinadrawing.Youwillthenbeabletocreateaschematic.

Tocreateanemptyschematic,openanewdrawingandenlargetheeditorwindow.

Grid

Thestandardgridforschematicsis0.1inches.Symbolsshouldbeplacedonthisgridoramultipleofit,sinceotherwiseitcanhappenthatnetscannotbecon-nectedtothepins.

Setthealternativegridto0.25inch.Thiswouldallowtoadjust,forexam-

ple,labelsinafinergridwhichwillbeactivatedbypressingthe Alt key.

AddingaFrametoaSchematic

Asastart,selectadrawingframefromthelibrary frames.lbr, whichcon-tainspredefinedframesinmiscellaneousformats.

ADD,andentertheword letter or frame inthe search field.Selectasuitableframeand forexample LETTER_P. Aframewhichfitsonaletterfor-matpage(portrait)isnowattachedtothecursor.

Ifyoucannotseeitcompletely,pressfunctionkeyF4untilitmatchesyourscreen,thenplaceitwithaclickofthelefthandmousebuttonsothatitslowerleftcornerisplacedonthecoordinates(X=0,Y=0).

Nowafurtherframeisattachedtothecursor.ClicktheiconwiththestopsigntoterminatetheADDcommand.PressAlt+F2 toshowtheframeinfullsizeorclicktheZoom-to-fiticonintheactiontoolbar.

AddingandChangingText

Youcanaddlines,textandotherobjectstopredefinedframesandtextfieldsinthelibrary.Oryoucandesignandsaveyourownframes.

Variabletexts,e.g.theprojecttitleortherevisionnumber,canbeinserteddirectlyintheSchematicEditorwhereyouarenow.

Framesaresavedassymbolsinthelibrary,thereforeitmakessensetowritethetextinlayer94, Symbols.

Nowbringtheframetextfieldintotheeditorwindowsothatitiscom-

pletelyvisible.NextclicktheiconfortheTEXTcommandandenterthefollowingtext

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CadSoft

AfterclickingtheOKbutton,thetextisattachedtothecursorandcanbeplacedwiththeleftmousebutton.Movethetextintheupperemptylineofthetextfieldandplaceitwitha . Afurthercopyofthetext,whichwill

disappearassoonasanothercommandisactivatedorthestopsigniconisclicked,isstillattachedtothecursor.

IfyoudidnotdefinethesizeofthetextwhiletheTEXTcommandwasac-tive,youcanusetheCHANGEcommandtosetittoanothervalue:

CHANGE

Fromthemenuselect:

SIZE

andafurtherwindowopensinwhichthepresentlyselectedtextheightisshown.

0.15

andmovethecursortothelowerleftcornerofthetext CadSoft.Clicktheleftmousebuttonandthetextheightwillbechangedto0.15inches.JustincaseyouwouldliketosetasizenotpresentintheCHANGESIZEmenu,like.0.17,simplytype:

CHANGESIZE0.17

andthenclickthelowerleftcornerofthetext.Attention:Usedotsfordecimals!Thecurrentgridsettingdeterminestheunit!

Practicemanipulatingtextsbyaddinganaddressoradocumentnumberinthetextfield.TITLE: containsthefilenameinuse(textvariable >DRAWING_NAME).DATE: containsthedateofthemostrecentsavecommand(textvariable>LAST_DATE_TIME).

Bothfieldsareautomaticallyfilledwiththeactualdatawhenthedrawingis

saved,sincetheframesstoredinthe frames libraryhavebeendefinedwiththeappropriatetextvariables.

EnteringaSchematic

Nowletsstartdrawingaschematic.Wewillbedrawingtheschematicshowninthefollowingfigure,whichyoucanuseforreference.Ifyoudontwanttoenterthewholeschematicyoucanusethefile demo1.schstoredinthe eagle/examples/tutorialdirectory.

StartbypressingALT+F2orclickingtheZoom-to-fiticontofillthewin-dowwiththedrawingframe.

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Theschematicconsistsofthefollowingelements:

PartValueDevicePackageLibrarySheet

C130pC-EUC1206C1206rcl1

C230pC-EUC1206C1206rcl1C310nC-EU025-025X050C025-025X050rcl1C447u/25VCPOL-EUTAP5-45TAP5-45rcl1C547uCPOL-EUTAP5-45TAP5-45rcl1D11N41481N4148DO35-10diode1IC1PIC16F84APPIC16F84APDIL18microchip1IC278L05Z78L05ZTO92linear1JP1PROGPINHD-1X41X04pinhead1JP2APPLPINHD-1X171X17pinhead1Q1XTAL/SQSspecial1R12,2kR-EU_R1206R1206rcl1

F1DINA4_Lframes1

UsetheADDcommandtoplacethelisteddevices.

Pleasekeepinmind:Youreallyshouldnotchangethedefaultgridof100mil(=2.54mm)intheSchematicEditor.Onlythiswayyoucanbesurethatnetswillbeconnectedtotheelements'pins.

YoucantogglethegridonandoffbyclickingtheGRIDiconormoreeas-ilybyusing F6,tohelpyoulocatingtheparts.

OnceyouhaveplacedthepartsyoucanrelocatethemwiththeMOVEcommand.ActivatetheMOVEcommandbyclickingtheappropriateiconinthecommandtoolbar,thenmovethecursortothepartyouwanttomoveand . EAGLEwillhighlightthepart,toletyouknowthatitisat-tachedtothecursorandreadytoberelocated.

Relocatethepart,and toplaceitinitsnewlocation.TheMOVEcom-mandisstillactiveandreadytomovethenextpart.Presstherightmousebuttonifyouwanttorotateapart.

ForduplicatingpartsyoumayusetheCOPYcommand(forexample,C1andC2).Thusyoudon'thavetofetcheachpartwiththeADDcommand.

Whenyouhavelocatedtheparts,startconnectingthemusingtheNETcommand.

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TheNETCommand

Anetisonlyconnectedtoapinifitisplacedontheconnectionpointofthepin.Displaythelayer93, Pins,withtheDISPLAYcommandtolocatetheseconnectionpoints.Theyaremarkedwithagreencircle.

EAGLEautomaticallynameselectricalconnections(nets).Inourexampledemo1.sch thenetlinesatC5pin+,U1pin3(VI),and JP2pin16 havethesamename.Thepinsareconnectedtothesamenet,althoughthenetlinesarenotdrawcontinuously.

WhiletheNETcommandisactive,thestatusbarbelowshowspropertiesoftheselectednet.

Asmentionedbefore,netswiththesamenamedefineanelectricalconnection.

TheNAMECommand

EAGLEautomaticallyallocatesnamessuchasB$..forbuses,P$..forpinsandN$..fornets.

NAME andthen thenetconnectedtoIC1pinOSC1(16).Apopupmenushowsthepredefinednameofthenet.Typein

OSC1

and OK.Thenetimmediatelynowhasthisname.

Thenamesofcomponentsandbussescanbechangedinthesameway.

TheLABELCommand

TheLABELcommandallowsyoutoplacebusornetnamesonaschematicinanylocation.

LABEL,locatethecursoronthenetMCLR/PGMand .

Thenameofthenetisattachedtothecursorandyoucanplaceitinanylo-cation.Youcanalsorotatethelabelwiththerightmousebutton.Locatethelabelapproximatelyasshowninthefigureand tofixitsposition(nearJP1pin3).

Ifnetorbusnamesarechanged,therelevantlabelsarealsochanged.LabeltextisnotchangedwiththeCHANGETEXTcommandbutwiththeNAMEcommandand aclickonthenetlineorthebusline.

CHANGEFONTorCHANGESIZEchangesthefontorthetextsize.

TheDELETECommand

Youcandeleteobjectswiththiscommand.Ifitisappliedtonets,wiresorbusses,asinglesegmentisdeletedatatime.Tousethiscommand,

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DELETE inthecommandtoolbar,takethecursortotheobjectthatistobedeleted,and .

Keepthe Shift keypressedwhiledeletinganobjectinordertodeletethewholenetorbus.Moreaboutthisinthethehelpfunction.

UNDOandREDOworkhereaswell.GROUP,DELETEandarightmouseclickdeletewholegroups.

Schematicdemo1.sch

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TheJUNCTIONCommand

Droppinganetonanothernetlinegeneratesaconnectionbetweenthesetwonets.Theconnectionwillberepresentedbyajunction,thatwillbesetautomatically.Automaticsettingofjunctionscanbeswitchedoffwiththe

option Autosetjunctions ( Options/Set/Misc).

InthiscasetheJUNCTIONcommandisusedtodrawaconnectingnodeattheintersectionofnetswhicharetobeconnectedtoeachother.

JUNCTION andanodeisattachedtothecursor.Locatethenodeatthejunctionoftwonetlinesand tofixitintoplace.

TheSHOWCommand

ThisisagoodtimetodemonstratethefunctionoftheSHOWcommand.Thiscommandisusedtoshownamesandotherdetailsofelementsandob-jects.Completesignalsandnetscanbehighlighted,aswellascomponents.

ToshowforexamplethenetV+, SHOW inthecommandtoolbarthenmovethecursortotheconnectionpointofU1pinVI(3)and .

PleasenoticethatEAGLEhighlightsthenetwiresandeachpinconnectedbythisnet,aswellasthepinnameofeachparttowhichitisconnected.Inaddition,thesignalislistedinthestatusbaras:

Net:V+,Class:1PowerWhiletheSHOWcommandisactivethenetremainshighlightedalthoughyouarepanningthewindow bypressingthemiddlemousebuttonandmovingthemouseorusingtheWINDOWcommand.DeactivatetheSHOWcommandbyclickingthestopsigniconanduseWINDOWREFRESH(F2).Nowtheobjectsarenolongerhighlighted.

Toshowanobjectwithaspecificname, SHOW andtypethename(forexample D0 )inthecommandline.YoucansubsequentlytypeothernameswithouttheneedtoreactivatetheSHOWcommand.Thiswayyoucanmarkonenetaftertheother.

Doyouwishtohighlightseveralnetsatthesametime,enterinthecom-mandline:

SHOWRA4

SHOWRA3

SHOWRA2

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TheMOVECommand

Noelectricalconnectionwillbegeneratedifyoumoveanetlineoverapin(usingtheMOVEcommand).Ontheotherhand:ifyoumoveapinoveran-otherpinoroveranetline,anelectricalconnectionwillbegenerated,anda

netlinewillbeattachedtothepinwhenthecomponentismovedfurther.Re-membertheUNDOcommandifyouwanttodetachthenetline.

ChecktheconnectionswiththeSHOWcommand,asmentionedbefore.AdditionalonecanexportanetorpinlistwiththeEXPORTcommand.

HistoryFunction

Withthekeys up-arrow and down-arrow youcanrecallthelastkeyboardinstructionintothecommandlineandexecuteitwiththe Enter key.The

Esc keywilldeletethecommandline.UseAlt+F2toshowthewholeschematiconthescreen,thentype:

SHOWR1

SHOWC1

SHOWIC1

QuittheSHOWcommandbyclickingthestopsignicon. Redrawthescreen,e.g.withF2andpressthe up-arrow and down-arrow keysseveral

times.Asyoucansee,youcanscrollthroughthelistoftherecentlyusedcommands.Assoonasthedesiredcommandappearsinthecommandlinepressthe Enter key.

CompletingtheSchematic

UsetheADDcommandtoaddtheremainingcomponentsandthesym-bolsfor +5V,V+,andGNDfrom supply1.lbr (searchpattern: supply).Supplysymbolsrepresentthepowersignalsinyourschematicandcause

theERC(ElectricalRuleCheck)tousespecialchecksforthem.RememberthatyoucanusetheMOVEcommandtomoveobjectsaroundandthatyoucanrotateelementsattachedtothemousewitharightmouseclick.

UsingtheNETcommand,connectthepinsofthecomponentsaccordingtotheschematicandconnectthesupplysymbolstotherelatedpins.UsetherightmousebuttontoalternatebetweentheorthogonalanddiagonalmodeswhileusingtheNETcommand.Use tofixasegment.

Ifyouplaceanetexactlyonaconnectionpoint,thenetisterminatedatthislocation. Otherwisethenetkeepsfollowingthemouse.

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TheSMASHCommand

Youwillnoticethatwhenyourotatediodesandresistorsfromthehori-zontaltotheverticalposition,theirreferencedesignatorsandvaluetextsrotatewiththepart.EAGLEprovidesaSMASHcommandthatallowsyou

toMOVEandROTATEthenameandvaluetextsindependentlyofthesymbol.

Toactivatethecommand

SMASH

Locatethecursoronthediodesymboland . Thisseparatesthetextfromthesymbol.Nowclickthe MOVE icon,movethecursortothename D1 forthediode,and .

Thetextselectionpointismarkedasacrossandresides,dependingontherotation,onthelowerleftortheupperrightcorner.

Thenameisnowattachedtothecursor.Itcanbemovedtoabetterloca-tionandrotatedwiththerightmousebutton.WhenyouhaverotatedandrelocatedD1, tofixitslocation.

IfyouwanttochangethesizeofnameandvaluetextswhichhavebeenseparatedfromthepartwiththeSMASHcommand,usetheCHANGESIZEcommand(clicktheCHANGEiconandselect Size fromthemenu).

SMASHmaybeusedwithgroups.Keepthe Shift keypressedwhileclickinganobjectorinsidethegroupinordertounsmashalltexts.Theywillappearattheiroriginalpositions.

TheVALUECommand

EAGLEallowsyoutodefineortochangethevalueelementslikeresistorsorcapacitors.InthecaseofICsthevalueinformsyouabouttheelementtype(e.g.74LS00N).

VALUE

theresistor,

typethenewvalue, 2.2k, OK,andthenewvalueisnowdisplayed.

YoucanusetheNAMEcommandtochangethenamesofresistors,capaci-tors,ICs,netsandbusesaccordingly.Youcanchangethenetnamesbutyoudonthaveto,unlessyouwanttogetadescriptivenetlist.

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TheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC)

Ifyouhavententeredthecompleteschematicyourselfyoucannowloadthefile demo1.sch.

TheERCcommandisusedtotestschematicsforelectricalerrors.

Theresultsarewarningsanderrormessagesthataregeneratedandwrittenintoafilewhichhasthesamefilenameasthedrawingbuttheextension*.erc.Thisfileisautomaticallydisplayedinatexteditorwindowifmes-sagesweregenerated.TousethecommandclicktheERCiconinthecom-mandtoolbar.

TheERCquitsoursamplefilewithtwomessages:

WARNING:Sheet1/1:POWERPinIC1VSSconnectedtoGND

WARNING:Sheet1/1:POWERPinIC1VDDconnectedto+5VThesemessagesinformyouthatthepowerpinsareconnectedtoothersig-nalsthanexpected.ThepowerpinswerenamedVSSorVDDinthelibrarybutareconnectedtoGNDand+5V.Inourcasethishasbedoneonpur-pose,thereforethemessagescanbeignored.

Pleasenotethat theERCcanonlydiscoverpossibleerrorsources.ItisuptoyoutoproperlyinterprettheERCmessages!

IfyouwanttolearnmoreabouttheERCcommand,type

HELPERC inthecommandline.

GeneratingaBoardfromaSchematic

Afterloadingaschematicfromwhichyouwouldliketodesignaboard,clickontheBOARDiconintheactiontoolbar:

Aboardfilewillbegeneratedinwhichthepackagesarepositionednexttoanemptyboard.

Afurtherdescriptionfollowsinthechapter DesigningaPCBoard.

Butnowwewanttointroduceanotherimportantcommandthatisneces-sarytodesignschematicsfirst.

TheBUSCommand

Loadtheschematic bus.sch fromthe /eagle/examples/tutorialdirectory.Aschematicwithabusstructureappears.Abushastobedrawnwiththe

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BUScommand.Itisnamedautomatically(B$1..).

Abushasnologicalsignificance.Itisadrawingelementonly.Logicalcon-nections(nets)areonlydefinedwiththeNETcommand.Netswiththesamenameareidenticaleveniftheyareondifferentpagesofaschematicor

opticallynotconnected.Thebusnamedeterminesthesignalscontainedinthebus.InourexamplethebuscontainsthesignalsVALVE0toVALVE11andasignalnamedEN.Thereforethebushasbeennamed EN,VALVE[0..11] withtheNAMEcommand.

Thebusinourexamplehasnotbeenfinished,yet.Therearestillsomecon-nectionstodraw.StarttoconnectthefollowingsignalstoIC7byselectingtheNETcommandandclickingonthebusline:

ENIC7Pin14ENVALVE0IC7Pin16INAVALVE1IC7Pin15INBVALVE2IC7Pin10INCVALVE3IC7Pin9IND

NET inthecommandotoolbarandmovethecursoroverthebus,onegridlineoverthepinIC7-14.Thenetconnectiontothebusmustoriginatefromthebusandbedrawntothecomponentpin,ifyouwanttousethisconvenientwaytonameit. tosetthestartingpointofthenet,anda

popupmenuwillappearwiththenetnamesforthebus. EN toselectnetEN,andmovethecursortoIC7-14,usingtherightmousebuttontochangethelineuntilitisdrawnliketheothernetlinesinthisarea. thepin'sconnectionpointtofinishthenetline.

RepeatthisactionforVALVE0..VALVE3.

UsetheLABELcommandtomakethenetnamesvisibleintheschematic.

Ifyouwanttocancelanaction,clicktheUNDOicon,orusethe F9 key.EitherbyclickingontheREDOiconorbyuseofthe F10 keyyoucanper-

formthecancelledactiononceagain.UsetheMOVEcommandtomoveindividualbussegments.Selectaseg-mentneartotheendinordertomovetheendpoint.Selectasegmentsomewhereinthemiddle,tomoveittoaparallellocation.YoucandeleteindividualsegmentswithDELETE.

Thecursortakesontheformoffourarrowswhenyouwanttoselectanobjectwhoseoriginisveryclosetotheoriginofanotherobject.Inthissortofcase,clicktheleftmousebuttontoselectthehighlightedobject.Clicktherightmouse

buttonifyouwanttogoontothenextpossibleobject. Informationabouttheselectedobjectcanbefoundinthestatusbar.

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13 AutomaticForward&BackAnnotation

YoushouldalwaysdesignyourboardsusingForward&BackAnnotationcontrols;onlythencanyoubesurethatboardsandschematicswillbecon-

sistentwitheachother.Thiscontrolmechanismisactivatedwhenyouloadaschematicandaboardwhichhavethesamenameandwhichareconsis-tentwitheachother.EAGLEalwaysloadsbothfilesiftheyexistinthesamedirectory. Consistent inthiscontextimpliesthatthenetlist,compo-nents,andvaluesareidentical.

Ifyouloadaschematicandaboardwhichhasthesamenameandwhichcanbefoundinthesamedirectory(orviceversa),EAGLElaunchesacon-sistencycheck.YouhavethechancetostartanERCifanydifferencesarefound.Theresultsaredisplayedinatexteditorwindow.Theyenableyou

tofixtheinconsistenciesmanually.Usingthismethoditispossibletodrawaconsistentschematicforanexistinglayout.

TheForward&BackAnnotationwillbecancelledifeitheronlythesche-maticwindoworonlytheboardwindowisactivated.Anychangesmadecanthenleadtodiscrepanciesinthefilesfortheboardandtheschematic.Thereforealwaysmakefollowthisrule:

Whenworkingonaboard,neverclosetheschematicwindow(youcanmini-mizeittoanicon,however)andviceversa.

EAGLEgenerateswarningsbeforeoperationsarecarriedoutwhichwouldterminatetheForward&BackAnnotation.

UnderthecontroloftheForward&BackAnnotationanychangeintheschematicresultsinanequivalentchangeoftheboard,andviceversa.Somechangescanbemadeeitherintheboardorintheschematic(e.g.namingcomponents,nets,etc.).Othersarepossibleonlyintheschematic(e.g.addingcomponents).EAGLEpreventssuchoperationsintheboardandpromptsyoutousetheSchematicEditor.

TomonitortheForward&BackAnnotationloadthe demo2.sch file.Theboard demo2.brd willbeloadedautomaticallyintotheLayoutEditor.

Nowsizebothofthewindowssothatyoucanseethembothonthescreen.ChangesomenamesandvalueswiththeNAMEandVALUEcom-mands.Youwillnoticethatthenamesandvalueschangeinbothwindows.ExperimentalsowiththeDELETEcommandandremembertheUNDOandREDOcommands.

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14 DesigningaPCBoard

InthissectionyouwillcreateasmallPCBdesignandmodifyanexistingdesignusingtheLayoutEditor.First,youwillcreateaboardwithouta

schematic.ThissectionisusefulmainlyforthoseuserswhohavenoSchematicMod-ule.IfyouhavetheSchematicModuleyouwouldnormallynothavetodealwiththestepsdescribedinthefollowingsection.Youshould,however,readthroughthissectionasitdealswithsomegenerallyusefulpoints.

DesigningaBoardwithoutaSchematic

Openanewfile(File/New/Board intheControlPanel)andenlargethe

editorwindow.

DefiningBoardShape

Thefirstthingwewilldoisdefinetheshapeoftheboard.Beforedefiningtheshape,wemustestablishtheunitofmeasurementwewillbeusingtodrawtheboardoutline.Wewanttousethedefaultgridwhichcanbecho-senbyclickingtheGRIDiconintheparametertoolbar.Then the Defaultbuttonand OK.

TheboardoutlinesmustbedrawnwiththeWIREcommandinlayer20,Dimension: WIRE,andselectlayer20fromthecomboboxintheparame-tertoolbar.

Positionthecursoratthezeropointofthecoordinates,and todeterminethestartingpointoftheoutline.Movethecursorslightlytotheright,clicktherightmousebuttonuntilbothlinesareorthogonal(90degrees),andpositionthecursornearthecoordinates (4.003.00).

Fixtheoutlineatthispointwith andmovethecursorbacktothecoordi-

nateszeropoint.Bydouble-clickingtheleftmousebuttonyouwillterminatetheWIREcommand.Theboardoutlinesarenowdefined.

UsingtheMOVEcommand,theedgescanbemoved,oruseUNDOandREDOtorecallthepreviousactionsandperhapsmakechanges.

Alt+F2, orclickingtheZoom-to-fiticon,willfittheboardintothescreen.

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PlacementGrid

Beforeplacingcomponents,itisimportanttosetupthegridforcompo-nentplacement.Thecomponentplacementgridmaybedifferentfromthegridusedfordrawingtheboardshape,andisalmostalwaysdifferentfrom

thegridusedforroutinginterconnectwires.Forthefollowingexercisewewillusethedefaultgridof0.05,incheswhichisalreadyset.

PlacingComponents

ADD inthecommandtoolbarandsearchfor DIL14.

Double-clickona14-pinDILpackageentry.Nowitisattachedtothecur-sor.Itcanberotatedwiththerightmousebuttonandthenplacedwiththeleftmousebutton.PlacetwoDIL14packages.

Usethe F3 and F4 keytozoominandout.

Ifyouliketoplacethecomponentinanyrotationinyourlayoutitispossi-bletodefineanyvalueinthe Angle fieldoftheparametertoolbarwhilethecomponentisattachedtothemouse.Todothisclickintothecombobox,typeinthevalueforrotation,andpressthe Enter key.Nowtherotatedcomponentfollowsthemouseandcanbeplaced.UsetheROTATEcommandtochangetheorientationofcomponentsaf-tertheyhavebeenplacedinthelayout.

ROTATEworksin90-degreestepsbydefault.Torotatecomponentsinanyangleenterthedesiredvalueinthe Angle fieldoftheparametertoolbarwhilethecommandisactive.Nowclickthecom-ponenttorotateit.Keepthemousebuttonpressedafterselectingthecom-ponentandyoucanrotateitwhilemovingthemouse.Thecurrentanglewillbeshownintheparametertoolbar.

Ifyouliketouseanotherpackagethanthepredefinedone(e.g.asmdin-steadofathrough-holepackage),youcanusetheREPLACEcommand.Fordetailedinformationspleasetakealookintothehelpfunction.

PlacingSMDPackages

NowuseADDtoplacetwo1210packagesontheboard(searchpattern:R1210).Ifyouknowthepackagename,youcantype

ADDR1210

or

ADDR1210@smd-ipc

inthecommandlinetofetchthepackagefromacertainlibrary.

Ifyouintendtoplacethepackageinacertainangle,youcanenterthevalue

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directly:

[email protected]

TheSMDpadsappearinred,whichmeans,thattheyareonthelayer1,Top,oftheboard.TotransferthemtotheBottomlayerusetheMIRRORcommand.ClickontheMIRRORiconinthecommandtoolbarand onthepackage.

AslongastheMIRRORcommandisactive,youcanmovepackagestotheothersideoftheboard.ForthenextexercisethepackagesshouldbeplacedontheToplayer(red).

ProvidingNames

Toassignanametothepackagesjustplaced:

NAME inthecommandtoolbar.

Movethecursorneartheoriginpoint(markedwithacross)ofthefirstDIL14and . Apopupwindowappears.Type

IC1

andthenewnameisassignedtothepackage.RepeatthisprocesstonametheremainingpackagesIC2,R1,andR2.

ProvidingValuesToassignvaluestoanelement:

VALUE inthecommandtoolbar.

MovethecursorneartheoriginofIC1and .

Apopupwindowappears.Type

CD4001

andIC1nowhasthevalue CD4001.UsingtheVALUEcommandassign

CD4002 toIC2, 100k toR1,and 22k toR2.

DefiningSignals

Thenextstepistodefinesignalsandestablishtheirconnectionsusingair-wires(rubberbands).First,connectthegroundpads:

SIGNAL andtype

GND

onpad7ofIC1(IC1-7)andmovethecursortoIC2-7and totermi-natetheGNDairwire.

ThetwopadsarenowconnectedtotheGNDsignal.

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NextwewillconnectVCC.Type

VCC

onIC1-14,movethecursortoIC2-14and toterminatetheVCCairwire.

Definefurthersignalsusingthesameprocedure.

Ifyoudontwanttospecifynamesforthesignalsatthistime apadtostartasignaland apadtoterminateit(orclickthestopsignicon).EAGLEwillthengeneratenetnamesautomaticallywhichcanbechangedwiththeNAMEcommand.

EAGLEterminology: Padsarethrough-holesforconventionalcomponents(usedinpackages).Pinsareconnectionpointsforschematicsymbols.Smdsarethepadsofsurfacemounteddevices(usedinpackages).

AirwirescanbedeletedwiththeDELETEcommandifyoudontworkun-derForward&BackAnnotationcontrol(insuchacaseyouhavetodeleteasignalbydeletingtherelatednetsintheschematic).

PleasenotethatUNDOandREDOfunctionunderthecontroloftheForward&BackAnnotation,too.

DefiningSignalClasses

TheCLASScommandallowsyoutodefinesignalclassesandtoassigncer-tainvaluesconcerningwirewidthandminimumdistancetoothersignals,andminimumdrilldiameterforviastoeachclass.

Forexample,powersupplysignalsmayberoutedwithagreaterwirewidth(highercurrent)oragreatervalueforclearance(highervoltage).Theautorouterusesthesevaluesforrouting,too.

Thedefaultvalueis0forallattributes(noclassesdefined).ThismeansthevaluessetintheDesignRulesarevalidforallsignals.

Variousclassesareusedintheboardfile hexapodu.brd.

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CreatingaBoardfromaSchematic

IfyouhavetheSchematicModuleandtheschematicisalreadydrawn,youonlyneedafewstepstogetthesameresultasthatdescribedintheprevi-oussection.

GeneratingaBoardFile

Loadthefile demo1.sch andclickontheBOARDicon:

Withthiscommandyoucreateaboardfilewiththesamenameastheloadedschematic(demo1.brd).Answerthe Createfile? questionwith OK.MaximizetheLayoutEditorwindow.

Thewhiteframeontherightofthewindowsymbolizestheboardoutlines.Itismadeupofwiresinthelayer20, Dimension.

MOVE,and therightverticaledgeoftheboardshapesomewhereinthemiddle.Movethecursoralittletotheleftand .

Youhavenowreducedthesizeoftheboard.Youcanchangetheboardsizeatanytime.

OfcourseyoucouldalsoDELETEtheborderandimport,forexample,

predefinedboardoutlinesviaascriptfile(SCRIPTcommand).

ComponentPlacement

ClickontheZoom-to-Fiticon,tofitthedrawinginthewindow.Thecom-ponentsarelocatedontheleftsideoftheboard.

MOVE, thebiggestICsomewhereinitscenterandmovethecursorin-sidetheboardoutlines.Thecomponentandtheairwiresremainattachedtothecursor.Presstherightmousebuttonifyouwanttorotatethecompo-

nent.

tofixthepositionofthecomponent.PlaceallofthecomponentsusingtheMOVEcommand.

Anotherwaytomoveanelementistoselectitbyitsname. MOVE andtypeinthecommandline.

JP1

Thiselementisnowattachedtothemousecursor.

ClicktheRATSNESTicon tocalculatetheairwiressothattheyshowtheshortestpossibleconnections.Repeatthiscommandwheneveryouwantto

checkhowgoodyourcurrentplacementis(shortairwires,notwistedbusesetc.).

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Pleasenote:AftergeneratingaboardfilewiththeBOARDcommandEAGLEarrangesallelementsontheleftsideoftheboardoutlineinthenegativecoordinatesarea.Inthefreewareforexample,youmaydropelementswithinthelimitsofabout

3.9x3.2inch.Toroutethelayoutortousetheautorouteryouhavetomoveallcomponentsintothisareafirst.

Autorouter:ABriefExample

IfyouwouldliketoseeasmalldemooftheAutorouter,clicktheiconfortheAUTOcommandinthecommandtoolbar.ChooseafinerRoutingGrid(default50mil)ifnecessaryandclickthe OKbutton.

Itshouldbefinishedinnotimeatall,providedtheplacementisnottoo

bad(watchthestatusbar).Ifitistakingtoolong,interrupttheAutorouterbyclickingthestopsignicon.Confirmthequestion Interrupt? with Yes.

Ifyoudontliketheresult,reverseitwiththecommand RIPUP.

Ifyouwouldliketochangecertainroutedtracksintoairwires,clickthesetracksandstarttheripupprocessbyaclickonthetrafficlighticonintheactiontoolbar.

Ifyouwouldliketochangeallroutedtracksintoairwires, theRIPUPiconandthen thetrafficlighticon.Confirmthequestion Ripupallsig-

nals? with OK.YoucanstarttheAutorouteratanytime,regardlessofwhetherthereareroutedtracksoronlyairwiresontheboard.Typically,supplysignalsandothercriticalsignalpathsareroutedmanually,beforetheAutorouterisused.

Trackswhicharelayedoutbeforestartingtheautorouterwon'tbechangedanymore.

RoutingManuallyTheROUTEcommandchangestheairwiresintoroutedtracks.

ROUTE inthecommandtoolbar.

startingpointofanairwire.

AsfortheWIREcommand,furtherparameters,suchaswidthortargetlayer,canbeenteredwithhelpoftheparametertoolbar.

AllvaluesrelatetothecurrentunitselectedwiththeGRIDcommand.

Movethecursortoroutethesignal, tofixthecurrentsegment. tofixthelastsegmentandendtherouteoperationforthewholesignal.

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SincetheROUTEcommandisstillactive,youcanimmediatelystartrout-inganewsignal.

WhiletheROUTEcommandisactive,itispossibletochangethebendmodebetweentwowiresegmentswiththerightmousebutton.Simplytry

thevariousoptions;itisalsopossibletolayouttracksasarcs(seealsoSETcommand,parameter Wire_Bend).

Ifyouchangethetargetlayerduringtheroutingprocessbyselectingitfromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbar,thefollowingwiresegmentswillbedrawnonthenewlayer.Thenecessaryvia-holewillbegeneratedautomaticallybyEAGLE.

Incaseofendingatrackatthesamepositionasanothertrackwhichbe-longstothesamesignalbutliesinanothersignallayer,EAGLEdoesnot

automaticallysetavia.Tohaveoneplaced,keepthe Shift keypressedwhileendingthewire.

WhilelayingouttracksEAGLEcalculatesatanytimetheshortestconnec-tiontothenextpointwhichbelongstothesamesignalandshowsthiswithanairwire.

UsetheMITERcommandtobevelwirebends.Youcandothiswithastraightlineorwithanarc,whichwillbedeterminedbythemiterradius.Somewirebendmodiareinfluencedbythemiterradius.MoredetailscanbefoundontheMITER,SET,WIREcommands'helppages.

TheEAGLEFreewarerespectivelytheLighteditiondoesnotsupportblindandburriedviasduetotheirlimitationofthenumbersofsignallay-ers.Moreinformationaboutthiscanbefoundinthehelpfunctionandinthereferencemanual.

BoardChanges

Onceyouhavecompletedtheroutingoftheboardyoucanmakechanges,e.g.youcan:

moveandarrangewiresegmentsandcomponentswithMOVEandSPLIT,

usetheRIPUPcommandtochangeroutedtrackstoairwires,

useDELETEtoerasesignals(onlywithoutForward&Backannotation),

replacepackagevariantswithCHANGEPACKAGEorREPLACE(withoutschematic).In demo3.brd thepackageofIC1hasbeenreplacedbyaSMDpackage,

modifytheDesignRules(forexample,Restringsettings),

useSMASHtodetachtextsfromcomponentsinordertoMOVE,

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ROTATE,orCHANGEthem,

miterwirejoints.

FurtherUsageoftheLayoutEditor

Inthissectionyouwillmodifyarouteddemoboard.Loadthefiledemo2.brd,andenlargetheeditorwindow.

Nextafewimportantcommandswillberepeated.

The DISPLAYCommand

Itisofteneasiertomaintainagoodoverviewifsomeinformationisnotshown.

DISPLAYandselectwithyourmousethelayer21, tPlace.Thislayercontainsinfor-mationforthetopsidesilkscreenoftheboard.Byselectingordeselectingit,thelayers23 tOrigins,25 tNames,27 tValues,and51 tDocu willbeshownorhidden.

Toactivatethischange, OK.

The MOVECommand

WiththeMOVEcommandyoucanmoveforinstancewires(linesorsignaltracks).Selectingawiresegmentnearanendpointwillmovetheendpointofthewire. Keepthe Ctrlkeypressedwhileselectingitandtheendpointwilljumponthecurrentgrid.Selectingthewireinthemiddlewillmoveitinparallel. Keepingthe Ctrlkeypressedchangesthewireintoanarc.

Youcanalsomovevias(through-holeswhichconnectTopandBottomlayertracks).Whenmovingvias,theattachedwiresarealsomoved.

TomovecomponentsplacedontheToplayer,layer23 tOrigins hastobedisplayed.ThesameappliestocomponentsplacedontheBottomlayerandlayer24 bOrigins.

AslongastheMOVEcommandisactive,youcanrotatetheobjectwiththerightmousebuttonby90degreesorbyanyanglegiveninthe Anglecomboboxintheparametertoolbar.

The Spin flag(onlyavailableintheLayoutEditor)determinesiftextswitharotationof180degreeswillbeshownupsidedownorstayreadablefrom

thebottomofthedrawing(default).ThisalsoworkswiththeROTATEcommand.

Thestatusbarshowsinformationabouttheselectedobject.

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The GROUPCommand

OneofthemostusefulcommandsofEAGLEistheGROUPcommand.Itallowsyoutoselectseveralobjects,changetheirattributesandmove,ro-tateormirrorthemallatonce.TousetheGROUPcommand

GROUP

Then,byclickingandreleasingtheleftmousebutton,drawapolygonaroundagroupofobjectsandclosethepolygonbypressingtherightmousebutton(dontusethePOLYGONcommand).Theselectedobjectsarenowhighlighted.

Pleasemakesurethatyouonlyselectobjectswhichareinavisiblelayer.Pack-agesonthe Toplayercanonlybeselectediflayer23 tOrigins isvisible,andpackagesatthe Bottomlayercanonlybeselectediflayer24 bOrigins isvisible.

UsetheDISPLAYcommandtoshoworhidelayers.

NextselecttheMOVEcommandandusethe right mousebuttontoattachthegrouptothecursor.Thiswayyoucanmovealltheobjectssimultane-ously,rotatethemwiththerightmousebuttonandfixthemwiththeleftmousebutton.

AfteragrouphasbeendefinedwiththeGROUPcommand,theattributesofthecontainedobjectscanbechangedwiththeCHANGEcommand.Se-lectagroupthatcontainssomewires, CHANGE inthecommandtoolbar,

Width,and 0.032.Thenclickthe right mousebuttonsomewhereintheeditorwindow.YoucanreversetheactionwiththeUNDOcommand.

ArectangulargroupcanbedefinedbyselectingtheGROUPicon,clickingonecorneroftheareaofinterest,keepingthemousebuttonpressedanddraggingthemousebuttonuntiltherectanglecontainsthedesiredobjects.

The SPLITCommand

WiththeSPLITcommandyouaddabendinawire.

SPLIT inthecommandtoolbar

onawiresegmentnearitstargetpoint

Dragthewireonthescreenabit.Youwillseethatthelongersegmentre-mainsasadirectlinetotheselectedpoint,whiletheshortersegmentsplitsintotwo.Theangleofthetwonewsegmentsiscontrolledwiththerightmousebutton. fixesthewiresegments.

The CHANGECommand

UsetheCHANGEcommand,tochangethewidthofwiresortomoveawiretoanotherlayer.Tochangethewidthofthewire:

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CHANGE

WIDTH inthepopupmenu

thevalueforthenewwidth

Thenmovethecursortothewiresegmenttobechangedand

.Tochangethewidthtoavaluenotpresentinthemenu,e.g.to0.23inches, theentry ... .Awindowpopsupwhereyoucantypeinthevalue.

Youcouldalsousethecommandline:

CHANGEWIDTH.23

andclickthewiresegment.

Tomoveawiresegmenttoanotherlayer:

CHANGE LAYER

desiredlayer

wiresegment

Incaseaviaisneededtocompletethesignalpath,EAGLEwillautomati-callyinsertit.Ifaviabecomesredundant,EAGLEwillautomaticallyre-moveit.

The ROUTECommand

UsetheROUTEcommandtochangeanairwireintoawire.Youcanfixthepositionofawiresegmentwith ,thenchangedirectionandfixthenextsegment untiltheairwireiscompleted.

Seealsothesection RoutingManually somepagesbefore.

The RIPUPCommand

IfyouwouldliketoturnforexampletheroutedsignaltracksGNDandVCCintoairwires(thisprocessiscalled ripup),clicktheRIPUPiconinthecommandtoolbarandtype:

GNDVCC

PressingF9twicereversestheaction.

IfyouwouldliketoripupallsignalsexceptGNDandVCC,type:

!GNDVCC

aftertheRIPUPcommandhasbeenactivated.

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The SHOWCommand

UsetheSHOWcommandtohighlightairwires,wiresorcomponents.ClickontheZoom-to-fiticonandthentheSHOWicon.Thentype:

IC1

tolocateIC1. Thestatusbarshowsinformationabouttheobject.

RefreshScreen

Usethe F2 keytorefreshthescreencontentsorclicktheRedrawicon.

Undo/RedoFunction

AllactionsmentionedcanbereversedwiththeUNDOiconintheaction

toolbar(F9)andrepeatedwiththeREDOicon(F10).

InnerLayers

Innerlayers(Route2...15)canbeusedforroutinginthesamewayastheTopandBottomlayers.

Thisisnotpossibleinthefreeware(lightedition).

SupplyLayers

Onlypossibleinstandardandprofessionaledition!

Innerlayers(Route2..15)canbeusedasasignalorgroundplanesimplybyrenamingthelayer $signalname, whenallsignalswiththatnamewillthenbeconnectedtothislayer.Todemonstratethisfeatureloadtheboardfiledemo2.brd andtype:

SHOWGND

TheGNDsignalwillbehighlighted.

Thentype:RIPUPGND

ThesignalGNDwillnowbedisplayedasairwiresonly.

Nowwewilldefinelayer2asthegroundlayerbynamingit $GND (thenameofthesignalmustbeprecededwiththe$):

LAYER2$GND

YoucanalsoselectLayer2 Route2 intheDISPLAYmenu,clickthe

Change button,activatetheoption SupplyLayer andtypeinthenameGND.

ClicktheRATSNESTicontomaketheairwiresofthesignalGND

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disappear.

Tohavealookattheresultswitchofalllayersexceptforthe$GNDlayer.ThiscanbeachievedbyclickingontheDISPLAYicon,orsimplybytyp-ingthefollowingcommandonthecommandline:

DISPLAYNONE$GND

Rememberyoucanuselowercasecharactersandabbreviatekeywords.Soyoucantype

disnone$gnd

Nowtype

SHOWGND

andthethermalsymbolswhichconnecttheGNDsignaltothesupply

layerarehighlighted.Theannulus(round)symbolsisolatethethrough-holesnotbelongingtotheGNDsignal.

InourexampletheelementsC1andC2don'thaveaconnectiontothein-nerlayeryet.YouhavetoROUTEashorttrackoutofthesmdandplaceaVIAonthetracksend.Nowtheconnectiontotheinnerlayerismade.

Supplylayersdefinedwith$nameareplottedinversely,i.e.,objectswiththecolorofthesupplylayerdefinecopper-freeareas.Thethermalsymbolsconnectthegroundplanewiththethrough-holeusingfourconductingpaths.

CopperPouringwiththePOLYGONCommand

ThePOLYGONcommandenablesyoutodefineareaswhichbelongtoasignal,connectingalloftherelatedpadstothissignalwiththermalsym-bols.Suchasignalretainsauser-defineddistancetoanyothersignalpath.Youcandesignlayersthatcontainmultiplepolygonssuchasdifferentgroundareas,andyoucandesignpolygonsonmultiplelayers.

TodemonstratethisfeatureofEAGLE,letsfilltheToplayerofaboard

withtheGNDsignal.Reloadtheboard demo2.brd onceagain,enlargethewindow,andripuptheGNDsignal:

RIPUPGND

UsetheDISPLAYcommandtoswitchonthelayer1 Top, 17 Pads, 18Vias, and20 Dimension.Usethebutton None, inthemenu,toswitchoffthedisplayofallotherlayersfirst.

ClickthePOLYGONiconinthecommandtoolbarandtype:

GND

toprovidethename GND forthepolygontobedefined.OnlythenwillitbelongtotheGNDsignal.

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SelecttheLayer Top fromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbar.Then:

lefthanduppercorneroftheboardoutlines,

righthanduppercorner,

righthandlowercorner,

lefthandlowercorner.

Thedoubleclickclosesthepolygon.

Tostartthecalculationofthefilledarea,clicktheRATSNESTicon.

Sincethisisaverycomplexoperationitcantakesometime.

Asbefore,thepadsbelongingtotheGNDsignalareconnectedwithther-malsymbols.Checkthiswith:

SHOWGND Inthiscaseeverythingshowninthelayercoloriscopper,sincethislayerisnotplottedinversely(onlysupplylayersdefinedwith $name).

Afteraboardhasbeenloaded,polygonsaredisplayedwiththeiroutlines.ThefilledareasaredisplayedonlyaftertheRATSNESTcommandhasbeenexe-cuted.Inversely,theRIPUPcommandandasingleclickontheedgeofapoly-gonresultsintheoutlinedisplayofthisparticularpolygon.

CallupthehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreaboutthePOLYGONcom-

mand.

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15 Autorouter

NoAutorouteronearthwilllayyourboardoutexactlyasyouwouldlike.Butitcanfreeyouofalotofboringwork.Inthissectionwewanttodem-

onstratethatyoucaneasilycombinemanualandautomatedrouting.Loadtheboard hexapodu.brd.

Switchofflayer21 tPlace usingtheDISPLAYcommand,sothatthecom-ponentsarenotshownanymore.

ThisboardcontainsmanuallyroutedsignalsnamedAC1andAC2.Rectan-glesinthelayers41, tRestrict,and42, bRestrict,havebeenusedtocreatere-strictedareasfortheAutorouter.WithintheseareastheAutorouterisnotallowedtoroutetracksontheToporBottomlayers.ComponentB1is

coveredbyarestrictedareadrawninlayer43, vRestrict.ThismeanstheAutoroutermustnotsetviasthere.

StarttheAutorouterbyclickingtheAUTOiconinthecommandtoolbar.

Apopupmenuappearswhereyoucanenterindividualsettings(seehelp).

Youshouldchoosearoutinggridof10mil(0.254mm)for hexapodu.brd.

Youcanalsoloadtheautorouterparametersforthisfilefromthecontrolfile hexapodu.ctlbyclickingthe Load.. button.

Aswewanttoroutealloftheunroutedsignals

OK.IncaseyoudontwanttochangethesettingsoftheAutorouteryoucanstartitbytyping:

AUTO;

inthecommandline.Themenuisskippedinthiscase.

Watchthestatusmessagesappearinginthestatusbar.Theyinformyou,forinstance,ofhowmanysignalshavebeenrouted,orofhowmanyviashavebeenplacedatthemoment.Youwillnoticethatthenumberofvias

goesdownduringtheOptimizepasses.IfyouwanttointerrupttheAutorouterclickonthestopicon.

Aprotocoloftheroutingrunisstoredinthefile hexapodu.pro.Loaditintoatexteditorwindowtohavealookatit.

TheboardroutedbytheAutoroutercanbeeditedlikeanyotherboard.Shouldtheroutingresultbelessthan100%,youcanripupafewcriticalsignalsandroutesomeoftheremainingairwiresmanually.Ifyouwanttorestoretheoriginalstatus,turnroutedtracksintoairwires(withtheexcep-

tionofAC1andAC2)withthecommand

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RIPUP!AC1AC2

TheautorouterusesthewidthgivenintheDesignRules(Edit/DesignRules, Sizes tab, Minimumwidth)forhistracks.IftherearevaluesgivenintheCLASScommandtodefinevariousnetclasses(asintheexamplefile

hexapod.brd)theautorouterwillalsotakecareofthem.Inthiscasethegreatervaluewillbetaken.

Todefinerestrictedareasfortheautorouteruselayer41, tRestrict,fortheToplayer,respectivelylayer42, bRestrict,fortheBottomlayer.Restrictedareasinlayer43, vRestrict,forbidssettingvias.

Theautorouterisnotabletorouteroundedtracks.

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16 DesignRuleCheck

WhenstartingthelayoutdevelopmentyoushouldalreadythinkabouttheDesignRules.Rulesthathavetobeconfirmedwiththeboardmanufac-

tureraswell.YoucandefinethemwiththehelpoftheDRCdialog.ClicktheDRCiconandverifyorchangethedefaultvalues.Aclickintooneoftheparameterfieldsshowsadescribingpicture. Apply tosavetheDesignRulesintheboardfile. OKstartstheDesignRuleCheck.The Select buttonallowsyoutoselectacertainareaofthelayouttobechecked.Simplydragarectanglewiththemousearoundthearea.

TheDRCcommandchecksiftheboardcorrespondswiththeuser-definedDesignRules.

Loadthefile demo3.brd.Torunthetest,clickontheDRCiconinthecommandtoolbar.AmenuappearswhichallowsyoutosetupyourDesignRules. OKtostarttheDRC.

AfterfinishingthechecksthestatusbarshouldshowthemessageNoerrors.NowyoucanbesuretheboardmatchesyourDesignRules.

Movearedwireacrossafewotherredwires.ThenstarttheDRConceagainbytyping

DRC;

ThesemicolonpreventstheDRCmenufromappearing.Thestatusbarshowsthenumberoferrors.Anerrorswindowwillopenautomaticallyshowinganerrorlist.Assoonasyouhavecorrectedtheer-rorsinthelayout,youcandeletethembyclickingthebutton Delall.

PressF1,tofindoutmoreabouttheERRORScommand.

IfyoufindobjectsinyourboardwhichcannotbedeletedwiththeDELETEcommanditmightbetheresultofaDRC.Todeletethemtypeinthecom-mandline:

ERRORSCLEAR

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17 Libraries

Thecomponentsyouareaddingtoschematicsandboardsarestoredinli-braries.TheLibraryEditorhasthesameuserinterfaceastheSchematicand

theLayoutEditor.Therefore,youonlyneedtoknowafewadditionalcommandsfordefiningyourowncomponents.

Alibrarynormallyconsistsofthreebasicelements:

Package:Thefootprintinthelayout

Symbol:Thedrawingfortheschematic

Device:Therealcomponent,consistingofsymbolsandpackages

Hereashortexampleforlibrarycreation:

Openanewlibraryfileviathemenu File/New/Library intheControlPanel.TheLibraryEditorwindowsopens.

ResistorPackage

Selectthepackageeditingmodeviatheiconintheactiontoolbar,andenterthepackagename R-10 inthe New field.Answerthequestion CreatenewpackageR-10? with Yes.Laterwhencreatinganewsymbolandanewdeviceyouwillagainhavetoanswerthecorrespondingquestionswith Yes.

UsetheGRIDcommandtosetanappropriategridsizeforthepadplacement.0.05inch(i.e.50mil)isusualforstandardcomponentswithleadwires.

Foraresistorwithlead-wires,select PAD,andsetthepadshapeandthedrilldiameterintheparametertoolbar.Defaultvalueforpaddiameteris0.Itshouldnotbechanged.ThefinaldiameterinthelayoutresultsfromthevaluesgivenintheDesignRules. Thenplacetwopadsatthedesireddistance.Theoriginofthedrawingwilllaterbetheidentifyingpointwith

whichacomponentisselected.Forthisreasonitshouldbesomewherenearthecenterofthedevice.

ForaSMDresistor,selectSMD,andsetthepaddimensionsinthepa-rametertoolbar.Youcaneitherselectoneoftheofferedvalues,ordirectlytypethelengthandbreadthintotheentryfield.

Select Top asthelayer,evenifthecomponentwilllaterbeplacedontheundersideoftheboard.SMDcomponentsarelocatedontheothersideofaboardusingtheMIRRORcommand.Thismovestheelementsinallthe

t..-layersintothecorresponding b..-layers.

PlacethetwoSMDpads(whichinEAGLEarejustcalledSMDs)atthe

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desireddistance.

TouseroundSMDs(BGAs)defineasquareonefirst,thenCHANGEthevaluefor Roundness =100%.

Youcannowenterthenames,suchas 1 and 2,forthepadsorSMDsusingtheNAMEcommand.

Adifferentprocedureishoweverrecommendedforcomponentswithmanysequentiallynumberedpads:

SelectthePADcommand,typeinthenameofthefirstpad,e.g. '1' (thein-vertedcommasmustalsobeentered),thenplacethepadsinsequence.

NowusetheWIREcommandtodrawthesilkscreensymbolinlayer21 tPlace.Thislayercontainswhatwillbeprintedontheboard.Itisupto

youhowmuchdetailyougivetothesymbol.Setafinergridsizeifithelps.

Taketheinformationprovidedin library.txt (in eagle/doc)asaguidelineforthedesignofcomponents.YoumayalsousetheARC,CIRCLE,RECTandPOLYGONcommandtodrawsilkscreensymbols.

Pleasetakecareinlayer21 tPlace nottocoveranyareasthathavetobesol-dered.Inlayer51 tDocu amorerealisticappearancecanbegivenwhichisnotsubjecttothislimitation.Layer51 tDocu isnotusedtoprintontotheboarditself,butisasupplementtothegraphicalpresentationwhichmight

beusedforprintdocumentation.Intheexampleoftheresistor,thesymbolcanbedrawninlayer21 tPlace,butthewires,whichgooverthepads,aredrawninlayer51 tDocu.

WiththeTEXTcommandyouplacethetexts >NAME inlayer25tNames and >VALUE inlayer27 tValues inthoseplaceswhereintheboardtheactualnameandtheactualvaluearetoappear.

SMASHandMOVEcanbeusedlatertochangethepositionofthistextrelativetothepackagesymbolontheboard.

TheCHANGEcommandcanbeusedatalaterstagetoalterobjectpropertiessuchasthestrokethicknessoftexts(ratio),textheight,orthelayerinwhichtheobjectislocated.

Ifyouwanttochangethepropertiesofseveralobjectsatonego,defineagroupwiththeGROUPcommand,clicktheCHANGEcommand,selecttheparameterandthevalue,andclickintothegroupwiththe right mousebutton.

Example:UseGROUPtodefineagroupthatcontainsbothpads,thenselectCHANGEandSHAPE/SQUARE.Clickonthedrawingsurfacewiththerightmousebutton.Theshapeofbothpadschanges.

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TheDESCRIPTIONcommandallowsaninfotextaboutthepackage.Thistextandthepackage'snamewillbetakeninconsiderationbythesearchfunctionoftheADDcommand.

ResistorSymbol

Selectthesymboleditingmode,andenterthesymbolname R intheNew field.Thisnameonlyhasameaninginternaltotheprogram,anddoesnotappearintheschematic.

Nowcheckthat0.1inchissetasthegridsize.Thepinsinthesymbol mustbeplacedonthisgrid,sincethisiswhatEAGLEexpects.

SelectthePINcommand.Youcannowsetthepropertiesofthesepins

intheparametertoolbar,beforeplacingthemwiththeleftmousebutton.AllthesepropertiescanbechangedatalaterstagewiththeCHANGEcommand.Groupscanagainbedefined(GROUP)whosepropertiescanthenbealteredwithCHANGEandthe right mousebutton.Seehelpfunc-tionforfurtherdetails.

TheNAMEcommandallowsyoutonamepinsaftertheyhavebeenplaced.

Theschematicsymbolisdrawninlayer94 Symbols usingWIREandtheotherdrawingcommands.Placethetexts >NAME and >VALUEinthelayer95 Names and96 Values (TEXTcommand).Placethemwherethenameandvalueofthecompon

15982096 Eagle 41 Tutorial English

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