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Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru Vol. XL/1 2010

COMPORTAREA CERNOZIOMULUI CAMBIC DIN ZONA COLINARA

SLĂNIC-BUZĂU LA ACŢIUNEA FACTORILOR ANTROPICI.

RESEARCH REGARDING THE INFLUENCE OF ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON CAMBIC CHERNOZEMS IN THE SLĂNIC- BUZĂU HILLY

AREA

M. MUŞAT, RADU ALEXANDRA, M. SEVASTEL - USAMV Bucuresti

LAVINIA PARVAN - ICPA Bucuresti

C. URZICA – SC Fitoserv SRL

Cuvinte cheie: cernoyiom cambic, bazin hidrografic, eroziune, conservarea solului Key words: cambic chernozem, erosion, hzdrographic basin, improvement

SUMMARY

Bazinul hidrografic Slănic de Buzău, unde s-au efectuat studiile, se încadrează în zona Subcarpaţilor de Curbură, cu dealuri şi depresiuni corespunzătoare morfostructurilor mio-pliocene şi levantin-cuaternare, cu depozite predominant sedimentare, cu climat continental şi cu o bogată varietate de specii de plante. Dintre procesele naturale dăunătoare societăţii umane, eroziunea şi implicit degradarea solului ca urmare a intervenţiei antropice, este cea mai complexă, tocmai prin impactul ei, prin areale şi pagube. Învelişul de sol format sub influenţa factorilor pedogenetici amintiţi mai sus, este alcătuit preponderent din cernisoluri, cel mai răspândit fiind cernoziomul cambic.

Am ales pentru studiu 8 profile de cernoziom cambic, situate în 4 subbazine afluente Slănicului (Valea Tătarului, Valea Mereului, Valea Băieşti şi Valea Balaurului), care au suferit diferite intervenţii antropice. La aceste profile au fost analizate, prin comparaţie, înşuşiri fizice, chimice şi morfologice.

Datele obţinute servesc la evaluarea impactului factorului antropic asupra evoluţiei cernoziomului cambic din zona colinară a judeţului Buzău.

Slănic of Buzău river basin, where the studies have been carried out is located

within the Curbure Sub-Carpathians, with hills and depressions corresponding to the Myo-Pliocene and Levantine Quaternary morphostructures, with predominantly sedimentary deposits, continental climate and a rich variety of plant species.

Among the natural processes harmful to human society, erosion and implicitly soil degradation as a result of the human intervention, is the most complex, just by its impact through areas and damages.

The soil cover, formed under the influence of pedogenetic factors above mentioned, includes predominantly chernisols, the most widespread being cambic chernozem.

In order to carry out the study, we selected 8 profiles of cambic chernozems, located in four sub-watersheds (Valea Tătarului, Valea Mereului, Valea Băieşti and Valea Balaurului) tributary to Slănic river that have suffered various human interventions. For these profiles the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics have been analyzed by comparison. Obtained data serve to assess the impact of anthropogenic factor on the evolution of cambic chernozem in the hilly area of the Buzău county.


1. MATERIAL AND METHOD

The major influence on the coating of soil in hilly area of Buzau county have a process of erosion and landslides. Gradual erosion of surface material determinated washing, part of the genetic horizons are removed, in the worst case prentice materials are updated.

Complexity of pedogenesis and soil degradation in the hills lining Slanic-Buzau, were the subject of a series of studies and research based projects that have complex, integrated river basin planning tributary (Fig. 1). Ameliorative works were executed on dual-action coating of soil degradation processes have reduced and changed in different soil characteristics.

Fig.1 Hidrograpfic basin of Slănic-Buzău area

This paper aims to present the influence of human intervention through the application of ameliorative works on cambic chernozem four tributary watersheds Slanicului: Tătarului Valley, Mereului Valley, Băieşti Valey and Balaurului Valley. The perimeters of these basins have been carried out successive soil mapping before and after execution to capture changes in physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of soils.

In Tatarului Valley, basin were executable bench terraces (Fig. 2) the use land. On the right side of this river basin, where the soil is chernozem cambic were two sections in the deshi agroterasata: PT3 and PT4. The sequence of genetic horizons and their dimensions are shown in Figure 3.


30

43

27

30

35

60

63

32

0 20 40 60 80

C

C c

B v

Am

(cm)P t3 P t4

Fig.2 Detaliile de executie a teraselor

bancheta din Valea Tatarului

Fig.3 Alcatuirea profilelor de cernoziom cambic

(Pt3 si Pt4) din Valea Tatarului

The Mereului Valley, basin have chosen for presentation, a profile on the right side cambic mold equipped with technological paths. Erosion of the job execution details are shown in Figure 4, and studied composition profile in Figure 5.

60

30

31

0 50 100

C c

B v

Am

(cm)

P m6

Fig.4 Detaliile de executie a aleilor

tehnologice din Valea Mereului

Fig.5 Alcatuirea profilului de cernoziom cambic

(Pm6) din Valea Mereului

The River Valley basin have been applied Baiesti agroameliorative protection

measures such as erosion of tillage system on the direction of the contour, grassed strip crops, and modeling of green. Improper operation of facilities resulted in the disappearance of some of them (cover crops). On the right side of the river basin area of tillage system on the contour direction (fig. 6), opened three sections, we have chosen for the presentation of two sections of mold cambic (Pb3 and Pb5), the morphological whole which is shown in Figure 7.

42

48

25

52

34

26

0 20 40 60

C c

B v

Am

(cm)pb3 pb5


Fig.6 Versantul drept al

bazinului hidrografic Valea

Baiesti

Fig.7 Alcatuirea profilelor de cernoziom

cambic (Pb3 si Pb5) din Valea Baesti

The Balaurului Valley basin for the presentation we chose two sections of mold cambic (Pbl5 and Pbl7) located on the left side of the basin, decorated with classical terraces. Ameliorative work of the technical elements and composite profiles are presented in Figures 8 and 9.

(cm)

68

49

15

36

15

25

0 50 100

C c

B v

Apk

pbl5 pbl7

Fig.8 Detaliile de executie a teraselor din Valea Balaurului

Fig.9 Alcatuirea profilelor de

cernoziom cambic (Pbl5 si Pb7) din

Valea Balaurului

Physico-chemical characteristics of the soils studied pursued, the 0-40cm depth are clay content (<0.002 mm) into humus, the phosphorus in field water capacity and water capacity useful. All laboratory tests and interpretation of results were done in accordance with the "development methodology soil studies" - ICPA 1987.

2. RESEARCH RESULTS

HIDROGRAPHYC BASIN TATARULUI VALEY

Influence of anthropogenic intervention by agroterasare on cambic chernozem located on the right side of the river basin is analyzed by comparing physical and chemical properties of soil present, with those previous arrangement. Thus were chosen for study soil, three profiles: PT3-located in upper third of the slope, PT4-located in the middle third and PT8-ahead after planning and development.

The data presented in Figure 10 indicates that: soil texture is clayey, the largest percentage of clay is found in the first 40 cm of profile PT3, humus content is low, there is a rise of around 0.3% in the profiles after planning, mobile phosphorus content is low profile before fitting and the PT3 and PT4 middle after fitting, field capacity remains very high after development, the ability is useful to maintain high water.

By agroterasare reduce loss of clay on top of the profile, improves mobile phosphorus content and ability to retain water and useful field


2.1 2.4 2.3

13

23

14.8

28.2

13.1

23.4

15.3

32.4

13.2

22.923

27.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

argila (% ) humus (% ) p(ppm) C C (% ) C U (% )P 8 P t3 pt4

Fig.10 Some physico-chemical attributes of chernozem Cambic analyzed on 0-40 cm depth, the profiles PT3, PT4 and P8

Tatarului Valley

HIDROGRAPHYC BASIN MEREULUI VALEY

Technological paths advantage is that very little occurs on the soil profile and are

effective in terms of erosion. Data from PMA analyzed by fitting the profile, were compared with those of the P4 profile open before fitting.

The data analysis presented in Figure 11 indicates that: soil texture is loamy, humus content increased by 0.62% but still remains small, mobile fosfor content increases by about 14 ppm after development, the capacity field of water and is useful medium and maintained at values after fitting.

Technological paths does not change the soil profile, preserving the amount of water needed by plants and lead to a nursery in humus content.

1.5 2.1211.6

23.3

4.9

33.5

10.1

21.919.5

33.5

0

10

20

30

40

argila (% ) humus (% ) p(ppm) C C (% ) C U (% )

p4 pm6

Fig.11 Some physico-chemical attributes of chernozem cambic analyzed on 0-40 cm depth, the profiles P6 and P4,

Mereului Valley


HIDROGRAPHYC BASIN BĂIEŞTI VALEY

In the area where agricultural work was performed on the general direction of the contour profiles were chosen two recent projects and Pb5 Pb3. The results were compared with those obtained from profile P1, the soil survey above.

2,2 1,441,7612

23,2

31,8

47,1

12,7

23

9,7

29,4

13,5

22,8

8,6

26,8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


p1 pb3 pb5

Fig.12 Some physico-chemical attributes of chernozem cambic analyzed on 0-40 cm depth, the profiles P3, P5 and P1, Baiesti Valley

The data presented in figure 12 indicates that: soil texture is clayey, there is a

decrease in clay content 2.4% and 5% Pb3 profile to Pb5 profile compared to the original profile, humus content is low and record whereas, a decrease of 0.5% to 0.75%, mobile phosphorus content decreases by about 38 ppm compared to the profiles of our recent initial one; capacity field of water and useful medium should remain.

Ground work on the general direction of the contour and texture preserving useful in soil water. Chemical characteristics of soil conservation requires additional ameliorative works.

HIDROGRAPHYC BASIN BALAURULUI VALEY Terracing slopes eroded involves a major intervention on the soil profile. We choose

presentation two profiles located on the left side of the basin, terrace PBL Platform 7 (fig. 6) and slope 5 PBL.

The data analysis presented in Figure 13 indicates that: the texture is different, the percentage of clay is higher in July due to PBL bring cambic horizon near the surface; capacity field is slightly higher in PBL 7datorated clay content in capacity useful exchange of water is decreasing humus content decreases by about 1%, mobile phosphorus content is maintained at values close.


2.9 1.910.6

23.4

13

31.9

7.3

24.2

14.8

47.4

05

101520253035404550


pbl5 pbl7

Fig.13 Some physico-chemical attributes of chernozem cambic analyzed the depth of 0-40 cm, and Pbl7 Pbl5 profiles,

Balaurului Valley

3. CONCLUSIONS

1. By agroterasare reduced loss of clay on top of the profile, improves mobile phosphorus content and ability to retain water and useful field.

2. Alleys advances were not amended the soil profile, preserving the amount of water needed by plants and lead to a nursery in humus content.

3. Ground work on the general direction of the contour and texture preserving useful in soil water. Chemical characteristics of soil conservation requires additional ameliorative works.

4. Terracing slopes eroded involves a major intervention on the soil profile. 5. By terracing most characteristics of the soil is amended, it requires ameliorative

work of recovery.

REFERENCES

1. Piciu I., Grigoraş C., 1995 - Îndrumător pentru elaborarea studiilor pedologice pe

terenuri situate pe versanţi şi interpretarea lor în cazul utilizării, conservării şi ameliorării solurilor , Arhiva ICPA., Bucureşti;

2. Florea N., Munteanu I.,2000 – Sistemul Român de Taxonomie a Solurilor, Ed.Univ.Al.I.Cuza.

3. Muşat Marian 2006 – Studiul solurilor afectate de eroziune din zona colinară a bazinului hidrografic Slănic-Buzău, în vederea stabilirii măsurilor de ameliorareşi stăvilire a procesului de eroziune, Teză de doctorat

4. Oanea N., Radu Alexandra Teodora 2003 – Pedologie aplicată, Ed, Alutus,

Miercurea Ciuc. 5. xxx Sistemul Român de Clasificare a Solurilor, 2003 6. Metodologia elaborării studiilor pedologice, vol I, II, III, ICPA. Bucureşti 1987

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