The Holy Roman Empire and Spanish Empires1520-1600

Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire

Holy Roman Empire

Title: King of Burgundy, Castile, Aragon, Naples and Sicily, Austria, King of the Romans, and Holy Roman Empire

Grandparents: Isabella and FerdinandAunt: Catherine of Aragon Cousin: Mary I of EnglandSon: Philip II (becomes husband of Mary I, is

the great nephew of Catherine of Aragon)Wife: Isabella of Portugal

The Reign of Charles V

Imperial Diet, 1530Called in the hopes to end religious division in SUIResult:

Augsburg Confession Statement of Lutheran Beliefs

Peace of Augsburg, 1555Recognized Lutheranism as religionIndividual principalities would determine religionNorth Protestant; South Catholic

Charles V and Martin Luther

Netherlands Economic benefits to the HRE Protestantism in the Netherlands

Spain Flemish background, spoke French, and had HRE councilors Looked upon as a foreigner. 1521 wages a small war to demonstrate power.

France Hapsburg-Valois War Fight for control over Italy

Ottoman Empire (Muslims) Invading Eastern Europe Charles leads maritime expedition to

stop expansion

Foreign Affairs of Charles V

Philip II and the Rise of Spain R. 1554-1598

Inheriting Lands

The Rise of Spain under Philip IIEconomic BoomMoves capitol to

SpainBuilds El EscorialHapsburg-Valois

WarsFighting with the

OttomansBattle of Lepanto

(1571)

El Escorial

Seen as a grandiose building rising from the hills; makes people believe you are a the law and a god.

1. Economic DeclineLarge military expenseInflation reduction in agricultural production (droughts)Competition with England textilesColonies are becoming financially independent

2. Empire spread too thin

3. Piracy

The Decline

The Spanish Armada, 1588 Purpose

Bring Catholicism back to England

End Elizabeth I’s support of the Netherlands

Decisive victory for ENG– Armada is defeated

Signals an end to Philip II’s Empire Cannot ally with Ireland Lost 70 naval ships Military power now lies with

England