150 System Applications Description

323-1211-150

SDH Transmission

TN-16X

System Applications Description

Release 4.2 Standard March 1997

TN-16X System Applications Description

SDH Transmission

TN-16X

System Applications Description

Document Number: 323-1211-150Document Status: StandardProduct Release Number: Release 4.2Date: March 1997

Copyright

1994 - 1997 Northern Telecom

Printed in England

The copyright of this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Without the written consent of Northern Telecom, given by contract or otherwise, this document must not be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, either wholly or in part, and the contents of this document, or any methods or techniques available therefrom, must not be disclosed to any other person whatsoever.

NORTHEN TELECOM CONFIDENTIAL:

The information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use same for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only.

So far as Northern Telecom is aware the contents of this document are correct. However, such contents have been obtained from a variety of sources and Northern Telecom can give no warranty or undertaking and make no representation as to their accuracy. In particular, Northern Telecom hereby expressly excludes liability for any form of consequential, indirect or special loss, and for loss of data, loss of profits or loss of business opportunity, howsoever arising and whether sustained by the user of the information herein or any third party arising out of the contents of this document.

I

v

Publication historyMarch 1997

Release 4.2 Standard introduces the following TN-16X features:

• 34Mbit/s unprotected tributary card which maps three 34Mbit/s pleisochronous signals to a single AU4 signal.

• VC3 Drop and Continue

• Path Trace functionality at VC3 level which enables path overhead validation at the signal termination point.

• OSI (Q3) interface extended to support 34M (or VC3) equipment provisioning.

Recovery Procedures, 323-1211-545, Routine Maintenance Procedures, 323-1211-546 and Module Replacement Procedures, 323-1211-547 have been combined into a single NTP Replacement and Recovery Procedures, 323-1211-547.

October 1996Release 4.1 Standard includes the TN-16X features listed below for the preliminary release and introduces an additional feature:

One new NTP has been added to the document set; Planning and Ordering Information 323-1211-152.

May 1996Release 4.1 Preliminary introduces the following TN-16X features:

• Optical tributaries at the STM-1 rate with 1+1 protection

• OSI (Q3) interface (for STM-1o) to an external Operation System Function

• A new OPC tool, Release installation utility, used during in-service upgrades of the system software.

• The minimum time period for performance monitoring statistics is now 15 minutes

April 1996Release 3.1 Standard introduces the following TN-16X features:

• 1:N Linear protection shelf with extra traffic on the protection channel

• Orderwire on linear systems


vi

Publication history

• STM-16e Receiver and Transmitter interfaces

• Optical tributaries at the STM4 rate with 1+1 protection.

• External synchronisation interface at 2 MHz.

• OSI Q3 interface to an external Operation System Function.

One new NTP has been added to the document set; OSI (Q3) Interface description 323-1211-191.

November 1995Release 3 Standard introduces the following TN-16X features:

• High performance transmitters on ring and regenerator nodes

• Optical post amplifiers on ring and regenerator node

The Master Topical Index, 323-1211-002 and List of Terms, 323-1211-850 have been incorporated into the About the TN-16X Documentation Suite, 323-1211-090 NTP.

June 1995Release 2 Standard introduces the following TN-16X features:

• VC4e tributary card supporting either 140Mbit/s pleisochronous or STM1e SDH signals.

• Regenerator shelves for SP Ring configurations at 1557 and 1310 nm.

• Interoperability between TN-16X and TN-1X products at the OSI network layer.

• Ring transmitter with 1310 nm optics.

Two new NTPs have been added to the document set; System expansion procedures, 323-1211-224 and Common procedures, 323-1211-846.

December 1994Release 1 Standard.

End of chapter file

323-1211-150 Release 4.2 Standard

vii

ContentsAbout this document ixAudience ixEMC conformance ixTechnical support and information xv

TN-16X Network Element applications 1-1FiberWorld networks 1-1

Network survivability 1-1NE Applications 1-1

STM-16 MS SPRing application 1-2Point-to-point linear applications 1-3Regenerator applications 1-5

Optical amplifiers and high performance transmitters 1-6Optical Post Amplifier 1-6High performance transmitter (HPTx) 1-6

Network administration 1-7CNet LAN 1-7Q3 Interface to OSS 1-10Remote access to the OPC 1-10SDH DCC bridge 1-11

SDH interworking applications 1-14User interfaces 1-17

Index 2-1

FiguresFigure 1-1 STM-16 MS SPRing 1-3Figure 1-2 STM-16 optical point-to-point application 1-4Figure 1-3 STM-16 optical 1:N application 1-5Figure 1-4 TN-16X regenerator application 1-6Figure 1-5 Optical amplifier configured in post mode 1-6Figure 1-6 HPTx on non-dispersion shifted fiber 1-7Figure 1-7 Example of a wide-area control network for several FiberWorld

subnetworks 1-9Figure 1-8 Triple X protocol framework for remote OPC access 1-11Figure 1-9 Typical configuration of two independent systems with TN-16X NE

terminals and regenerators 1-12Figure 1-10 Two transmission spans bridged by CNet 1-13Figure 1-11 DCC access across TN16X and TN1X 1-13Figure 1-12 STM-16 multichannel backbone 1-15


viii

Figure 1-13 An example of a metropolitan area served by FiberWorld NEs in a concentric ring topology 1-16

Figure 1-14 An example of a metropolitan area served by FiberWorld NEs in linear and hub topologies 1-17


ix

About this documentThe purpose of this document is to illustrate how the FiberWorld TN-16X products can be used in telecommunications networks. Various applications ranging from simple point-to-point systems to more sophisticated arrangements, such as hubs, are covered.

AudienceThis document has been written for the following members of the operating company:

• strategic planners

• current planners

• provisioners

• transmission standards engineers

EMC conformance

This product/product family complies with the provisions of the low voltage directive 73/23/EEC, and essential protection requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC as amended by 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC, when it is properly installed and maintained and when it is used for the purposes for which it is intended.


Code: AG5293Issue: 2

Template: v4;961216

Declaration of Conformity

Suppliers Name & Address: Nortel Limited, of Doagh Road, Newtownabbey,County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT36 6XA

We hereby declare that the products identified in Section 1 comply with the standards listed in Section 2 and fulfil our obligations under the EU Directives listed in Section 3.

Section 1 - Products Covered

Section 2 - Standards Applied

The Product(s) described above is in conformity with the following standards:

Section 3 - European Union Directives

Section 4 - Authority of Issuer

Declaration Issued By: Peter Schuddeboom John Freebairn

Position of Issuer: AVP, Technology ITN Manufacturing Quality Manager

Signed:

Date:

The instructions for installation, use and maintenance form part of the product compliance and must be observed.

Product Name Product TypeFibreWorld TN-16x ADM / LTE Permissible configurations which use TN-16x

Shelf Assembly NTFW50AA mounted in Rack NTFW70AA or NTFW70AB

StdsRef

Standard Number Edition Subject of Standard

1 EN55022 1995 Emissions from IT Equipment1 EN50082-1 1992 Generic Immunity2 EN60950 1992 Safety of IT equipment2 EN60825-1 1994 Safety of Laser Products

DirectiveNumber

Abbreviated Directive Title StdsRef

CE Marking Information

(if applicable) 89/336/EEC EMC Directive 1 n/a 92/31/EEC Amendment to EMC Directive n/a n/a 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive 2 97 93/68/EEC CE Marking Amending Directive n/a n/a

This declaration has been made in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 22, General criteria for suppliers' declaration of conformity

Code: AG5294Issue: 2

Template: v4;961216

Declaration of Conformity

Suppliers Name & Address: Nortel Limited, of Doagh Road, Newtownabbey,County Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT36 6XA

We hereby declare that the products identified in Section 1 comply with the standards listed in Section 2 and fulfil our obligations under the EU Directives listed in Section 3.

Section 1 - Products Covered

Section 2 - Standards Applied

The Product(s) described above is in conformity with the following standards:

Section 3 - European Union Directives

Section 4 - Authority of Issuer

Declaration Issued By: Peter Schuddeboom John Freebairn

Position of Issuer: AVP, Technology ITN Manufacturing Quality Manager

Signed:

Date:

The instructions for installation, use and maintenance form part of the product compliance and must be observed.

Product Name Product TypeFibreWorld TN-16x REGEN Permissible configurations which use TN-16x

Shelf Assembly NTFW51AA mounted in Rack NTFW71AA or NTFW71AB

StdsRef

Standard Number Edition Subject of Standard

1 EN55022 1995 Emissions from IT Equipment1 EN50082-1 1992 Generic Immunity2 EN60950 1992 Safety of IT equipment2 EN60825-1 1994 Safety of Laser Products

DirectiveNumber

Abbreviated Directive Title StdsRef

CE Marking Information

(if applicable) 89/336/EEC EMC Directive 1 n/a 92/31/EEC Amendment to EMC Directive n/a n/a 73/23/EEC Low Voltage Directive 2 97 93/68/EEC CE Marking Amending Directive n/a n/a

This declaration has been made in accordance with ISO/IEC Guide 22, General criteria for suppliers' declaration of conformity

xv

Technical support and informationNortel provides a comprehensive technical support service for its customers. The Nortel Service Desk may be contacted between the hours of 8 30 am and 5 pm (UK local time), Monday to Friday, using the following FAX or telephone numbers:

United KingdomFreephone: 0800 626 881Telephone 0181 361 4693FAX: 0181 945 3456

InternationalTel: +44 181 361 4693FAX: +44 181 945 3456

Access to assistance from the Customer Service Desk 24-hour helpline can be provided and is subject to a suitable Support Agreement being in place.

To discuss Technical Support services, please contact the Technical Support Hotline on 0181 945 3525.

end of chapter


1-1

1

TN-16X Network Element applications 1-This chapter describes the applications of the TN-16X Network Element (NE) currently available. Refer to Software Description, 323-1211-101, for a description of the features available with each configuration of the TN-16X NE.

FiberWorld networks The FiberWorld products provide high-capacity optical transport to achieve effective SDH-based local, metropolitan, and intercity networks. These products can serve public or private networks and are available in a wide range of configurations and survivability options.

The TN-16X NE, with its various networking configurations and high-capacity bandwidth, is ideal for linking large switches. In addition, its SDH features permit greater flexibility for networking, thus removing the rigid architectural constraints common to PDH networks. The TN-16X NE also offers multichannel options to effectively support high-capacity intercity transport. The intercity backbone can serve any number of intermediate sites or metropolitan areas.

As demand increases at the local level, optical transport can efficiently serve customer premises and local carrier serving areas (CSAs) as well as interoffice and intercity applications. The TN-16X NE can be interworked with lower-rate FiberWorld products to serve all these needs.

Network survivabilityTransport network survivability has become a major concern to operating companies in the development of high-capacity fibre networks. FiberWorld products provide survivability by means of route-diversity configurations, for automatic protection in the event of cable cuts, and high-capacity rings, for signal restoration during cable cuts and node failures. These survivability applications can be configured as linear systems or as a two-fibre bidirectional line-switched ring (the STM-16 MS SPRing).

NE Applications The following applications are currently available on the TN-16X NE:

• the STM-16 Multiplexer Section Shared Protection Ring (MS SPRing), used for portions of the network that require survivability in the event of cable cuts and node failures.


1-2

TN-16X Network Element applications

• point-to-point systems with 1:N (multishelf) protection (with the capability of carrying extra traffic on the protection channel in multishelf 1:N systems)

• regenerators for use in long-haul applications

• SDH DCC bridge to allow OAM&P messages to be passed between transmission spans connected by a control network cable

• support for optical amplifiers and high performance transmitters (HPTx

• In-service upgrades

STM-16 MS SPRing applicationIn the MS SPRing type of ring, SDH nodes are arranged in a closed two-fibre loop (see Figure 1-1). Each node in the ring is configured as an ADM. The rings can be used in high-capacity inter-exchange networks. A maximum of 16 ADM nodes are allowed in each ring.

Each of the two fibres interconnecting the nodes carries eight working and protection channels (each channel is equivalent to one STM-1). Timeslots 1 to 8 carry working traffic; timeslots 9 to 16 carry protection traffic. During normal operation, traffic travelling from ring ADM C to B by way of A is carried on tributary timeslots 1 to 8. In the event of a node or line failure at ring ADM A, traffic is switched to the protection timeslots (tributaries 9 to 16) on the second fibre to travel the opposite way around the ring to B by way of D.

The use of facilities in the ring is maximized because line switching means that only timeslots on the spans required to complete a route from origin to destination are assigned to a particular connection. The same timeslots on unused spans can be used for other connections. For example, if a connection requires tributaries 2 and 3 from nodes A to B, tributaries 2 and 3 are available for other connections on lines B to D, D to C, and C to A.

There are two possible routes for any given point-to-point connection, one in each direction around the ring. To maximize the capacity of the ring, connections should be assigned the shortest possible route (that is, they should pass through the fewest possible number of ADMs).

A maximum of 16 ADMs can be configured in a single ring network. If the capacity of one ring is exhausted, another ring can be overlaid on the first (that is, each ADM node of the second ring can be sited with nodes of the first). The use of overlaid rings also allows the number of ring nodes to be increased above 16. Overlaid rings can be offset and hence deliver traffic to different locations but with the rings co-located and connected at major switch sites. These rings can be interconnected by a CNet for control purposes.

Multiple channels may be assigned to a trib to accomodate higher rate STM-N tributaries e.g. STM-4. The maximum STM-1 capacity of the ring is the number of ADMs multiplied by 8 STM-1 timeslots. The 8 working STM-1 timeslots on each of the two STM-16 transport interfaces (16



1-3

1

timeslots in total) are mapped to the tributaries or assigned as passthrough connections. The ring ADM nodes each support 34Mbit/s, STM-1e/140M, STM-1o, and STM-4o tributaries. These tributary types can be mixed on a single ADM node.Up to 30 regenerators can be used between adjacent ring ADM nodes. Each ring ADM node requires ESI for timing reference. See Chapter 8, ‘Network Synchronization’, in System Description, 323-1211-100.

Figure 1-1STM-16 MS SPRing

FW00139A

Point-to-point linear applications An STM-16 optical point-to-point system consists of two terminals connected through an STM-16 optical link in a linear configuration.

Point-to-point systems can be configured as 1:N (multishelf) protected systems or as unprotected (single-shelf) systems. Refer to Signal Flow & Protection Switching Descriptions, 323-1211-103, for detailed descriptions of the various protection schemes.

The STM-16 optical point-to-point system is ideal for high-capacity spans in both city-core areas and backbone routes. As demand for services increases, additional TN-16X terminal shelves can be placed in-service to provide added capacity. As the SDH network evolves, the TN-16X terminal can be upgraded to linear ADM, ring, or hub configurations.

Each terminal can provide terminations for 34Mbit/s, STM-1e, 140 Mbit/s, STM-1o, or STM-4o services, as illustrated in Figure 1-2. In 1:N systems, the protection channel can carry low-priority extra traffic.

STM-16 STM-4#1

8 Working STM-1s and 8 Protection STM-1s

TN-16XADM ring

node

TN-16XADM ring

node

on each fiber

TN-16XADM ring

node

TN-16XADM ring

node

Regenerator

SIte DSIte C

STM-1#1

STM-1#8STM- 4 #1STM-4 #2

STM-1#1STM-1#8

STM-1 #16

STM-4#2STM-4#1STM-4#2

STM-4#4

STM-1#1

STM-1#8

SIte A SIte B


1-4


Figure 1-2 STM-16 optical point-to-point application

FW00140B

1:N application (multishelf) An STM-16 optical 1:N system is a linear point-to-point configuration consisting of 1 to N working optical channels protected by a dedicated protection optical channel. Each working channel can provide terminations for up to 16 STM-1e/140M, 16 STM-1o (1+1 protected) or 4 STM-4o tributaries provisioned on a per-quadrant basis (see Figure 1-3). 34Mbit/s tributaries are also supported up to a maximum of four 34Mbits tributary circuit packs. This allows a total of 12 34Mbit/s signals as each tributary contains three 34Mbit/s channels.

The 1:N configuration requires one working shelf per working STM-16 optical channel, plus a protection shelf for the protection channel. The protection channel can also be provisioned to carry extra traffic, if required, by installing tributary interfaces on the protection shelf. If a high-speed switch occurs, the extra traffic is dropped.

In order for protection switching to work properly, it is recommended that all the terminals in a 1:N system (at both ends of the system) be in a single operations controller (OPC) span of control, thereby providing consolidated operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P) access through a single OPC. If this is impossible, then all the terminals at one end of the system must be in one span of control and all the terminals at the other end must be in another. This type of configuration, however, is not recommended.

The STM-16 optical 1:N application is ideal for very-high-capacity spans on backbone routes. As demand for service increases, additional STM-16 optical channels can be placed in service to provide increased capacity. Future 1:N applications are planned to provide protection for up to 11 working channels.

TN-16XTerminal

STM-16

34Mbit/s, STM-1e,TN-16XTerminal

Site1

Site2

or STM-1o140 Mbit/s, STM-1o

34Mbit/s, STM-1e,

or STM-1o140 Mbit/s, STM-1o



1-5

1

Figure 1-3STM-16 optical 1:N application

FW00141C

Regenerator applications The TN-16X regenerator shelf is used to regenerate the optical signal between TN-16X terminal shelves in long-haul applications, thereby extending the optical route. The actual distance achievable between NEs depends on the characteristics of the optical link. With the STM-16 optical interfaces, a system gain of up to 26.0 dB is typically achievable between regenerators using 1550 nm optics. No processing is performed at regenerator nodes to extract the tributaries; but access to SDH overhead and regenerator section performance monitoring is provided.

Figure 1-4 illustrates a typical configuration using terminals and regenerators in a point-to-point linear system. The regenerators provide the same function between ADM nodes in ring applications and linear ADM applications.

STM-16Terminal shelf

Protection


Chan 4


Chan 1


Chan 3

STM-16e

CNet

STM-4

STM-16e

STM-16

CNet STM-16e


Protection


Chan 4


Chan 1


Chan 3

extra traffic (optional)

STM-16e

CNet

STM-16

CNetSTM-16e

CNet

Site A Site B

STM-16e

extra traffic (optional)

STM-4

STM-4

STM-4

STM-4

STM-4


1-6


Figure 1-4 TN-16X regenerator application

FW00143A

Optical amplifiers and high performance transmittersThe distance between network elements in a transmission network can be increased through the use of optical post amplifiers and high performance transmitters.

For information on the optical reach which can be achieved through optical amplifiers and high performance transmitters, see Technical Specifications, 323-1211-180.

Optical Post AmplifierThe optical post amplifier (OpAmp) is used to boost an optical STM-16 signal over dispersion shifted fiber. The OpAmp resides either in a terminal shelf or in a regenerator shelf collocated with a terminal shelf. The signal is therefore boosted at its point of origin instead of at an intermediate site. See the chapters on linear and ring configurations in System Description, 323-1211-100, for information on terminal shelves equipped with optical amplifiers. See Figure 1-5 for a typical optical post amplifier.

Figure 1-5Optical amplifier configured in post mode

FW01027A

High performance transmitter (HPTx)The HPTx receives an STM-16e as its input and converts it to an optical STM-16 signal (see Figure 1-6). The main function of the HPTx is to provide an intensity modulated optical signal, which has a very low spectral chirp, and

STM-16

STM-1

Site 1 Site 2

TN-16XTerminal

TN-16XTerminal

STM-1

STM-16 STM-16

STM-16 Regenerator STM-16 Regenerator

STM-16terminal

STM-16terminal

Site A

130 km

Site B

Opticalamplifier

Opticalamplifier

Tx

Rx

Rx

Tx



1-7

1

subsequent optical amplification in order to compensate for fiber dispersion and attenuation losses on non-dispersion shifted fiber (NDSF).

Figure 1-6HPTx on non-dispersion shifted fiber

FW01028A

Network administrationFiberWorld products offer a wide range of software features and interfaces to ensure flexible operations, administration, maintenance, and provisioning (OAM&P). As well as on-site user access to each NE, single-point OAM&P access is provided to the NEs in subnetworks at several levels. Similarly, there are several levels of network surveillance.

As well as providing local access to a given NE by way of VT100-compatible terminals, the NE user interface provides access for OAM&P purposes to other NEs either over fibre or by way of RS232-C connections. Data communication over fibre between NEs occurs through data communication channels (DCCs) carried in the SDH overhead bytes.

TN-16X can bemanaged using an ITU conformant Telecommunications Network Manager (TMN) or via a Q3 interface to an ITU conformant Operations Support System (OSS). The two options are not exclusive and both may be deployed together, however, one or other approach is normally selected.

CNet LANThe FiberWorld products support a proprietary local area network (LAN) known as the control network (CNet). This connects subrack to subrack to provide a single terminal OAM&P visibility to NEs not interconnected by fibre.

For example, a CNet LAN interconnects the terminals at each end of a 1:N system. In addition, the CNet LAN allows a single Operations Controller (OPC) to serve a span of control that includes subnetworks not connected by fibre. A linear system and a ring, for example, can be connected by CNet, providing they each have at least one NE at a common site. This type of connection between subnetworks for OAM&P purposes is called a DCC bridge. (Typically, a backup OPC is installed in a separate NE within the span of control to act as a warm standby.)

80 km80 km

STM-16terminal

STM-16terminal

Site A

HPTx

Site B

HPTx

80 km

HPTx STM-16e

HPTxSTM-16e

Regenerator


1-8


These data communications features allow a single VT100-compatible terminal to serve multiple NEs at a single site and also to access remote sites. Customers can use laptop terminals for temporary connections during maintenance activities.

As well as allowing user access to the NEs within its span of control, the OPC has its own user interface designed to provide centralized data and software management, consolidation of alarms, and archiving of logs and alarms for the NEs.

A higher level of consolidation and OAM&P control is provided through the Network Resource Manager, a workstation-based control program for large optical networks. Figure 1-7 illustrates a wide-area control network using the Network Resource Manager at two locations distant from one another.



1-9

1

Figure 1-7Example of a wide-area control network for several FiberWorld subnetworks

FW00144A

X-terminalSystem 1

CentralOffice 1

CentralOffice 2

TN-16XTerminal

TN-16XTerminal

STM-16

TN-16XRegenerator

EthernetLAN

STM-16

Network

ManagerX-terminal

EthernetLAN

Eastern Surveillance centre

Western Surveillance centre

System 2

TN-16Xring ADM

node

TN-16Xring ADM

node

TN-16Xring ADM

node

TN-16Xring ADM

node

WANX.25

CentralOffice 1

CentralOffice 2

CentralOffice 3

CentralOffice 4

OPC

System 3

EthernetLAN

STM-1Terminal

OPC

STM-1Terminal

STM-1Terminal

OPC

TN-16X Hub(Terminal orRing ADM

node)

EthernetLAN

Resource

Network

ManagerResource


1-10 TN-16X Network Element applications

Connected to one or more OPCs over Ethernet links, the Network Resource Manager is used to define graphical representations of the network and subnetworks for surveillance purposes. It collects alarm status information for the NEs within the respective spans of control of those OPCs and provides access to the user interface of each OPC and NE. The user can also customize views of the network by combining the NEs visible to the Network Resource Manager in any combination of subnetworks, without changing the physical interconnections of the NEs.

Q3 Interface to OSSA Q3 interface to an OSS is suported by the FiberWorld TN-16X network. The interface allows connection to each network element, however a single physical connection to the OPC is deployed for efficiency. Communication betwen the OSS and the TN-16X OPC (or multiple OPCs) is achieved using ITU conformant protocols and managed objects. Communication with specific TN-16X elements is achieved via the Data Communications Channel.

Remote access to the OPCThe X.3, X.28, and X.29 protocols, known as the ‘triple X’ protocols, define a framework in which asynchronous terminals, such as VT100-compatible terminals, can access a remote OPC through an X.25 packet switching network. As shown in Figure 1-8, the X.3 protocol defines the framework, the X.28 protocol defines the interface between the VT100-compatible terminals and the PAD, and the X.29 protocol defines the interface between the PAD and the OPC.


TN-16X Network Element applications 1-11

1
Figure 1-8Triple X protocol framework for remote OPC access
FW00145A

SDH DCC bridge The SDH DCC bridge permits OAM&P messages to be exchanged between STM-16 systems.

The SDH DCC bridge uses a CNet LAN to exchange messages between the systems. This allows a single OPC or primary and backup OPC configuration to control more than one system.

Note: The SDH DCC bridge transmits only the OAM&P messages contained in the SDH section overhead. It does not transmit voice/data services or orderwire.

Figure 1-9 shows a typical configuration of two independent systems, each consisting of TN-16X terminal and TN-16X regenerator Network Elements. Each system is equipped with a primary OPC and a backup OPC and is monitored at one end using a VT100-compatible terminal.

As shown in Figure 1-10, System 1 and System 2 can be monitored together using one VT100, one primary OPC, and one backup OPC, provided the two co-located end terminals are linked together using the control network. The NEs bridged by a control network must be located at the same site but can be

X.25 packetswitching network

X.28 X.29

X.3

Host OPC

PAD

Async

VT100-compatibleterminals



either STM-16 LTEs (terminals and ADM nodes) or STM-16 regenerators (section-terminating equipment or STEs).

More than one SDH DCC bridge can be used simultaneously between systems. However, the number of TN-16X NEs managed by a pair of OPCs (their span of control) is restricted to 34.

The use of a control network to join independent systems forms, in effect, a single data communications network for OAM&P messaging. The total number of network elements in this data communications network should be less than 150.

Note: All terminals in a 1:N system should be in the same OPC span of control. This will ensure that the network banner line carries information which might be unavailable if the system is contained in more than one OPC span of control. A high-speed protection lockout, for example, is visible only on the user interface and the Maintenance Interface at the NE at which it was initiated. For the NE at the opposite end of the channel, the lockout will appear on the network banner line, provided both NEs are in the same span of control. If they are not, the NE at the remote end of the channel will have no indication of the lockout.

Figure 1-9Typical configuration of two independent systems with TN-16X NE terminals and regenerators

FW00146A

TN-16XTerm

PrimaryOPC

TN-16XTerm

BackupOPC

STM-1,STM-4

STM-1,STM-4

System 1

VT100 compatible terminal


STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

TN-16XTerm

PrimaryOPC

TN-16XTerm

BackupOPC

STM-1,STM-4

STM-1,STM-4

System 2

STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

Central Office



1
Figure 1-10Two transmission spans bridged by CNet
FW00147A

Figure 1-11DCC access across TN16X and TN1X

FW00148A

TN-16XTerm

PrimaryOPC

TN-16XTerm

PrimaryOPC

STM-1,STM-4

STM-1,STM-4

STM-1,STM-4

STM-1,STM-4

TN-16XTerm

TN-16XTerm

SDHDCC


STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

bridge

CNetcable

Central Office

TN-16XTerm

PrimaryOPC

STM-1

TN-1XTerm

STM-16Regenerator

STM-16Regenerator

TN-16XTerm

PrimaryOPC

TN-1XTerm

TNMS

NetworkResourceManager

STM-1

with

Note; The Network Resource Manager and the various Element Controllers combine to form TNMS. This is Nortel’s standard conformant implementation of the ITU TMN. The functions can share a single workstation or be run on multiple workstations in larger networks.



SDH interworking applicationsAs the basic building block of SDH transmission, the STM-1 signal provides a highly flexible and cost-effective means of transporting large payloads.

A single STM-1 carries the payload equivalent of a single VC4 facility. The STM-N rates are integer multiples of the base rate of a single STM-1 (that is, 155,520 kbit/s). For example, an STM-4o network element serves 4 STM-1 signals (or timeslots), whereas an STM-16 serves 16 STM-1 signals.

Lower-rate facilities (such as 34Mbit/s) are mapped into STM-1 timeslots as virtual containers (VCs), which means they can be extracted from the STM-1 signal at the same rate as the original signal. In the case of 34Mbit/s facilities, three VC3s are mapped to a single VC4.

The FiberWorld products are designed to take advantage of this flexibility through built-in grooming capabilities and by adapting to many network configurations, including hubs, rings, and linear systems. Electrical facilities at the STM-1 rate, or PDH tributary rate (140Mbit/s or 34Mbit/s) are collected, groomed, and routed, as appropriate, over fibre to other NEs.

Depending on traffic loads and other requirements, NEs of the various optical carrier rates can be deployed as customer-located equipment (CLE), as nodes in local carrier serving areas (CSAs), as links from switch to switch, or as long-haul carriers. Figure 1-12 to Figure 1-14 illustrate a number of the ways in which the FiberWorld NEs can be deployed to collect traffic in local networks and efficiently groom it for both local and long-haul transport.

Figure 1-12 shows two metropolitan areas (A and Z) linked by a multichannel STM-16 optical system. Intermediate cities feed into this long-haul subnetwork through electrical STM-1 tributaries. Figure 1-13 and Figure 1-14 each illustrate a number of possible subnetwork configurations, including interworking rings, hubs, and linear systems of different optical carrier rates. However, they do not illustrate all possible configurations.

In Figure 1-13, the operating company has opted to arrange much of the transport capacity in concentric survivable rings (an STM-16 optical ring serving suburban areas and an STM-1 optical ring serving the city core). The ring nodes serve as add-drop multiplexers, into which feed optical and electrical tributaries. TN-16X NEs accept STM-4 and STM-1e/140M tributaries.TN-4X network elements accept STM-1e/140M, STM-1o and STM-4o tributaries. TN-1X NEs cannot be configured as rings. However, a TN-1X NE can be used as a feeder tributary to TN-4X NEs and TN-16X network elements.

Similarly, TN-16X network elements in different systems (linear or ring) can be linked by any of the supported tributary types (STM-1e/140M, STM-1o and STM-4o). Such links are protected by the usual protection at the tributary line level. In Figure 1-14, the operating company has used a back-to-back STM-16 optical add-drop multiplexer (ADM) linked by STM-4 optical tributaries in a linear system. One STM-16 terminal serves as a hub for STM-4 NEs and is connected to the linear system with a diversely routed



1
protection fibre. Figure 1-14 also shows how the SDH Radio product can be used where terrain or other circumstances require radio transmission.
Figure 1-12STM-16 multichannel backbone

FW00149A

STM-16ChannelP

STM-16ChannelP

STM-16ChannelP

STM-16ChannelP

ExtraTraffic

ExtraTraffic

STM-16 STM-16

STM-1

STM-1

Metropolitan area A Typical intermediate site Metropolitan area Z

2 Mbit/s

STM-1

STM-16Channel1

STM-16Channel1

STM-16Channel1

STM-16Channel1STM-16 STM-16

TN-1X

STM-1

STM-1STM-1

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

STM-16ChannelN

STM-16ChannelN

STM-16ChannelN

STM-16ChannelNSTM-16 STM-16

TN-1X

STM-1

STM-1STM-1

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

TN-1X

2 Mbit/s

TN-4X

STM-1

TN-4X

2 Mbit/s/STM-1

TN-1XTN-1X

STM-12 Mbit/s

STM-16 1:N backbone

(with tributaries to other metropolitan areas)

STM-1



Figure 1-13An example of a metropolitan area served by FiberWorld NEs in a concentric ring topology

FW00150A

STM-16NE

STM-16NE

STM-16NE

STM-1NE

STM-4NE

STM-1NE

STM-1NE

STM-1NE

STM-1NE

STM-4NE

STM-1NE

STM-4NE

STM-16NE

STM-4NE

STM-4NE

STM-1

2Mbit/s/STM-1

STM-4

2Mbit/s/STM-1

2Mbit/s/STM-1

STM-1

2Mbit/s/STM-1

2Mbit/s/STM-1

STM-1

2Mbit/s2Mbit/s

STM-1

STM-1

2Mbit/s

2Mbit/s

NetworkManager

STM-1

STM-16NE



1
Figure 1-14An example of a metropolitan area served by FiberWorld NEs in linear and hub topologies
FW00151B

User interfacesThe network element user interface (NE UI) provides local access to a network element using a VT100-compatible terminal. Remote access to other network elements is provided either over fiber or by way of RS-232C connections (either local or remote using modems). Data communication over fiber between network elements occurs through DCCs carried in the SDH overhead bytes.

The OPC user interface provides centralized data and software management, consolidation of alarms, and archiving of logs and alarms for the network elements in its span of control. For more information, see the chapter on system interfaces in System Description, 323-1211-100.

end of chapter

STM-1NE

NetworkManager

STM-16NE

STM-16NE

STM-1

STM-16NE

STM-16NE

STM-1NE

SDHRadio

STM-4NE

STM-1SDHRadio

STM-4


2-1

Index 2-

AAdministration, network 1-7Applications

extended reachhigh performance transmitter 1-6optical amplifier 1-6

high performance transmitter (HPTx) 1-6local 1-1network survivability

MS SPRing 1-2optical amplifier 1-6SDH interworking 1-14TN-16X NE 1-1

EExtended reach applications

high performance transmitter 1-6optical amplifier 1-6

FFiberWorld

network overview 1-1

HHigh performance transmitter (HPTx)

applications 1-6

IInteroffice applications

point-to-point, STM-16multishelf, 1

N 1-4regenerator 1-5SDH DCC bridge

TN-16X 1-11

MMS SPRing 1-1Multiplexer Section Shared Protection Ring

(MS SPRing)description 1-2STM-16 MS SPRing 1-2

NNetwork administration 1-7Network element (NE)

user interface 1-17Network survivability applications

MS SPRing 1-2Network,FiberWorld

overview 1-1

OOPC

user interface 1-17Operations, administration, maintenance, and

provisioning (OAM&P) 1-7Optical amplifier

applications 1-6

RRing

applicationsSTM-16 MS SPRing 1-1

SSDH

data communications channel (DCC) bridgeTN-16X 1-11

interworking applications 1-14SDH NE

applicationsSDH interworking 1-14

Survivability applications


2-2 Index

MS SPRingTN-16X 1-2

STM-16 MS SPRing 1-2System

applicationsTN-16X 1-1

TTN-16X NE

applications 1-1SDH DCC bridge 1-11

interoffice applicationspoint-to-point 1-4regenerator 1-5

network overview 1-1network survivability applications 1-1


International Broadband Networks (Dept18600)Nortel LimitedOakleigh Road SouthLondon, N11 1HB

So far as Nortel Limited is aware the contents of this document are correct. However, such contents have been obtained from a variety of sources and Northern Telecom can give no warranty or undertaking and make no representation as to their accuracy. In particular, Northern Telecom hereby expressly excludes liability for any form of consequential, indirect or special loss, and loss of data, loss of profits or loss of business opportunity, howsoever arising and whether sustained by the user of the information herein or any third party arising out of the contents of this document.

SDH Transmission

TN-16XSystem Applications Description

Copyright 1994 - 1997 Northern Telecom

The copyright of this document is the property of Northern Telecom. Without the written consent of Northern Telecom, given by contract or otherwise, this document must not be copied, reprinted or reproduced in any material form, either wholly or in part, and the contents of this document, or any methods or techniques available therefrom, must not be disclosed to any other person whatsoever.

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Document number: 323-1211-150Document issue: Release 4.2Document Status: StandardDate: March 1997Printed in England

150 System Applications Description

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