15. Make the following conversions:5.4 m = ? km0.87 kg = ? mg2.04 cL = ? mL

16. What are 3 pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory?

17. How would you know if a spectrum is red-shifted and what would it mean about that object?

18. What are some things you have heard are in space that you are unsure of or have questions on?

Daily Review #5

What is Space? Not really empty Stars, planets, etc. Interstellar medium

◦ Dust and Gas◦ Nebulas

Orion Nebulahttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr1995044a/

Large Magellanic Cloudhttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr2006055a/

Nebular Hypothesis Random collisions of atoms

Areas of growing mass◦Spherical shape◦Pull in more matter

Increase in Temperature Pressure

Spin - creates a bulge in the sphere

http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap06/FG06_17.jpg

Nuclear Fusion

Fermi National Labhttp://www.wired.com/playbook/2012/08/olympics-physics-hammer-throw/

http://www.universetoday.com/52696/nuclear-fusion-power-closer-to-reality-say-two-separate-teams/

Eventually…. High temperatures 2 particles become 1 Releases a lot of energy

Particle accelerators◦Man-made◦Create new elements◦Find smallest particles◦Recreating the early

universe conditions

Color and Temperature Objects give off a variety of light Peak depends on temperature

◦ Peak shows most common type of light

http://docs.kde.org/stable/en/kdeedu/kstars/ai-colorandtemp.html

White dwarfs Red giants

Red supergiants Blue giants

H-R Diagram

http://www.rootstown.sparcc.org/mattjust/h-r-diagram

How do we know how far away that is?

Parallax effect◦ Compare distant stars to

nearby stars◦ Measure shift as Earth

orbits the Sun◦ Calculate the distance

Further away = less of a shift

Better technology = see smaller shifts = measure larger distances

http://lifeng.lamost.org/courses/astrotoday/CHAISSON/AT301/HTML/AT30105.HTM

Looking Back in Time If a star is 10 light

years away◦ How old is the light we

see today?◦ Is that star still there

today? If an alien is on a

planet 10 million light years away◦ If they could see with the

Earth with great detail, what would they see right now?

When we observe light from a star 2 billion light years away….what does that mean?

http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1214c/

Quiz –◦Quiet until everyone is done◦Eyes on own paper◦Turn in when finished Bring me your binder if you didn’t have

it set up last time What are the differences in the types of stars?

How are all stars the same?

Daily Review #6

Main Sequence Stars Wide variety Highest # of stars Actively fusing

hydrogen into helium◦ Outward pressure

from fusion◦ Inward pressure

from gravity◦ Equal in these stars◦ Maintain size

http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/the-science-of-the-supernova/

http://science.howstuffworks.com/sun.htm

What happens to our Sun?

Form red giants◦ Fusing

helium◦ Core

collapsing◦ Outer layers

spread out Cools

http://flightline.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/2paths.jpg

http://www.physics.uc.edu/~hanson/ASTRO/LECTURENOTES/StarLife/Page7.html

What then? Forms a white dwarf

◦ Ran out of helium No more fusion

◦ Outer gasses moving away Planetary nebula

◦ Leaves a hot, dense core

http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/white_dwarfs.html

Ring Nebulahttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/planetary/pr2004032d/

Cat’s Eye Nebulahttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/planetary/pr2004027a/

What about the fate of larger stars? Become red

supergiants◦ Fuse elements larger

than helium All the way to iron

◦ Short lives Supernova

◦ No more fusion◦ Core violently explodes◦ Fuses heavier atoms◦ Very bright, short time◦ Spreads out material

http://flightline.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/2paths.jpg

http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/supernova_remnant/pr2005037a/

What then?

Forms a neutron star◦If a lower mass

core◦Very dense

Not very big Lots of gravity

◦Can produce gamma and x-rays when it pulls items into it

Neutron star in supernova Cassiopeia Ahttp://www.space-pictures.com/view/pictures-of-space/pictures-of-stars/neutron-star/index.php

http://www.clccharter.org/maya1/Supernova/supernova.html

Or… Forms a black hole

◦ Higher mass cores◦ Infinitely dense◦ Need to travel faster than the

speed of light to escape How can we see?

◦ Will bend light from nearby stars

◦ See dust and gas swirling around Hot enough to give off x-

rays Probably at the center of

most galaxies◦ Including ours!

Video Whirlpool Galaxyhttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/pr2001010a/

http://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html