14a- Directional Drilling Operations,Tools Power Point

8/14/2019 14a- Directional Drilling Operations,Tools Power Point

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Directional Well PlanningDirectional Well Planning



PlanningPlanning

Three items required for anyThree items required for any

directional welldirectional wellBuild rate

Hold inclinationKick off point (KOP)

Assume two and calculate theAssume two and calculate thethirdthird



PlanningPlanning

The build rate can be chosen for any

number of reasons−

To minimize the possibility of fatigue inthe drill pipe

−

Run an assembly that remainssteerable, rotary or motor

−

Minimize the possibility of a keyseat−

Minimize torque and drag



PlanningPlanning

The hold inclination may be selected−

Less than 10 o, it is difficult to maintain

the direction of the wellbore−

Greater than 30 o, it becomesincreasingly hard to clean the cuttings

from the hole−

Hole cleaning is the most difficultbetween 45 o

and 60 o

−

Above 60 o, wireline tools may not fall inan open hole

−

Above 70 o, wireline tools may not fall incased hole



PlanningPlanning

The kickoff point can be selected

based on hole conditions−

The kickoff point may be selected sothat the build section will be cased at theend (selected based on casing seat)

−

It may be advantageous to drill a

troublesome portion of the well verticallyand get it cased−

Directional drilling usually takes longer



PlanningPlanning

−

If the troublesome zone has lostcirculation, LCM in the mud is hard onMWD tools

−

A zone that sloughs substantially may

slough faster if sloughing is due to stressand the well is drilled at an appreciableinclination

−

It may be better to finish the build curveand start drilling the hold section before

drilling a troublesome formation



PlanningPlanning

Example 4Example 4 --1 (on page 41 (on page 4 --2)2)shows how to determine the holdshows how to determine the hold

angle when the build rate andangle when the build rate andkickoff point have already beenkickoff point have already been

selectedselected

Kickoff point is 2000 feetBuild rate is 2 o/100 feetTarget TVD is 9800 feetTarget DEP is 2926 feetTotal depth is 10,000 feet TVD



PlanningPlanning

Determine the hold inclinationDetermine the hold inclination

and the detailedand the detailed MDMD ,, TVDTVD andandDEPDEP for the wellfor the well



PlanningPlanning

The hole can be divided up intoThe hole can be divided up into

sectionssectionsVertical to KOP

BuildHold or tangent to target

Hold or tangent to TD



PlanningPlanning

Determine the MD, TVD and DEPDetermine the MD, TVD and DEP

for the vertical to KOP sectionfor the vertical to KOP sectionSectionSection MDMD TVDTVD DEPDEP

Vertical toVertical toKOPKOP

2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild

Hold toHold toTargetTarget

Hold to TDHold to TD


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PlanningPlanning

DetermineDeterminethe holdthe holdinclinationinclinationfrom thefrom the

chartchartInclinationInclination

is 22is 22oo

22o



PlanningPlanning


of the build sectionof the build section

r B

IIMD 12 −=Δ

feet 1100100/2

022 =−=ΔMD



PlanningPlanning

( )( )( )( )

17.1073022

0sin22sin1100180 =−

−=Δπ

TVD

( )( )( )12

21 coscos180II

IIMDDEP

−−Δ=Δ

π

( )( )( )

60.208022

22cos0cos1100180 =−

−=Δπ

DEP

( )( )( )( )12

12 sinsin180II

IIMDTVD

−−Δ=Δ

π



PlanningPlanning

For the build sectionFor the build section

SectionSection MDMD TVDTVD DEPDEP


2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild 1100.001100.00 1073.171073.17 208.60208.60





PlanningPlanning

You can also use the build up You can also use the build up

tables in the Appendixtables in the Appendix



PlanningPlanningBUILD RATE DEG/100 FEET = 2 RADIUS OF CURVATURE = 2864.79 FEET

INC MD TVD DEP INC MD TVD DEP INC MD TVD DEP

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 1500.00 1432.39 383.81 60.00 3000.00 2480.98 1432.39

1.00 50.00 50.00 0.44 31.00 1550.00 1475.48 409.19 61.00 3050.00 2505.60 1475.91

2.00 100.00 99.98 1.75 32.00 1600.00 1518.11 435.31 62.00 3100.00 2529.46 1519.85

3.00 150.00 149.93 3.93 33.00 1650.00 1560.28 462.17 63.00 3150.00 2552.55 1564.20

4.00 200.00 199.84 6.98 34.00 1700.00 1601.97 489.77 64.00 3200.00 2574.86 1608.95

5.00 250.00 249.68 10.90 35.00 1750.00 1643.18 518.09 65.00 3250.00 2596.38 1654.08

6.00 300.00 299.45 15.69 36.00 1800.00 1683.88 547.13 66.00 3300.00 2617.11 1699.57

7.00 350.00 349.13 21.35 37.00 1850.00 1724.07 576.87 67.00 3350.00 2637.05 1745.43

8.00 400.00 398.70 27.88 38.00 1900.00 1763.74 607.30 68.00 3400.00 2656.19 1791.62

9.00 450.00 448.15 35.27 39.00 1950.00 1802.87 638.43 69.00 3450.00 2674.51 1838.14

10.00 500.00 497.47 43.52 40.00 2000.00 1841.45 670.23 70.00 3500.00 2692.02 1884.97

11.00 550.00 546.63 52.63 41.00 2050.00 1879.47 702.71 71.00 3550.00 2708.71 1932.10

12.00 600.00 595.62 62.60 42.00 2100.00 1916.92 735.84 72.00 3600.00 2724.58 1979.52

13.00 650.00 644.44 73.42 43.00 2150.00 1953.78 769.61 73.00 3650.00 2739.61 2027.21

14.00 700.00 693.06 85.10 44.00 2200.00 1990.05 804.03 74.00 3700.00 2753.81 2075.15

15.00 750.00 741.46 97.62 45.00 2250.00 2025.71 839.08 75.00 3750.00 2767.17 2123.33

16.00 800.00 789.64 110.98 46.00 2300.00 2060.76 874.74 76.00 3800.00 2779.69 2171.73

17.00 850.00 837.58 125.18 47.00 2350.00 2095.17 911.01 77.00 3850.00 2791.36 2220.35

18.00 900.00 885.27 140.21 48.00 2400.00 2128.95 947.87 78.00 3900.00 2802.19 2269.17

19.00 950.00 932.68 156.08 49.00 2450.00 2162.08 985.32 79.00 3950.00 2812.15 2318.16

20.00 1000.00 979.82 172.77 50.00 2500.00 2194.56 1023.34 80.00 4000.00 2821.27 2367.32

21.00 1050.00 1026.65 190.28 51.00 2550.00 2226.36 1061.92 81.00 4050.00 2829.52 2416.64

22.00 1100.00 1073.17 208.60 52.00 2600.00 2257.48 1101.05 82.00 4100.00 2836.91 2466.09

23.00 1150.00 1119.36 227.74 53.00 2650.00 2287.92 1140.72 83.00 4150.00 2843.44 2515.66

24.00 1200.00 1165.21 247.67 54.00 2700.00 2317.66 1180.91 84.00 4200.00 2849.10 2565.34



PlanningPlanning

Calculate the MD, TVD and DEPCalculate the MD, TVD and DEP

for the hold sectionfor the hold sectionTVD rem = 9800 – 2000 – 1073.17

TVD rem = 6726.83DEP rem = 2926 – 0 – 208.60

DEP rem = 2717.40MD of the hold section



PlanningPlanning

I

DEPMD

sinΔ=Δ

01.725422sin

40.2717 ==ΔMD

SectionSectionMDMD TVDTVD DEPDEP


2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild 1100.001100.00 1073.171073.17 208.60208.60


7254.017254.01 6726.836726.83 2717.402717.40


l



PlanningPlanning

Calculate the MD, TVD and DEPCalculate the MD, TVD and DEP

of the hold to TDof the hold to TDThe TVD is 200.00 feet from 9800The TVD is 200.00 feet from 9800

feet to 10,000 feetfeet to 10,000 feet

I

TVDMD

cos

Δ=Δ

71.21522cos

200 ==ΔMD

lPl i



PlanningPlanning

ITVDDEP tan×Δ=Δ

81.8022tan200 =×=ΔDEP


Vertical toVertical to

KOPKOP2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild 1100.001100.00 1073.171073.17 208.60208.60

Hold toHold toTargetTarget 7254.017254.01 6726.836726.83 2717.402717.40

Hold to TDHold to TD 215.71215.71 200.00200.00 80.8180.81

TotalTotal 10,570.7210,570.72 10,000.0010,000.00 3006.813006.81

Pl iPl i



PlanningPlanning

Pl iPl i



PlanningPlanning

Class ProblemClass Problem – –

Problem 1 onProblem 1 on

page 4page 4 --3939Given the target data in Example 1

Target TVD is 9800 feetTarget DEP is 2926 feet

Build rate is 2o

/100’Hold inclination is 35 o

Calculate the KOP

Pl iPl i



PlanningPlanning

SolutionSolution

Draw a picture to determine whatinformation you have, what can becalculated and what is needed

Pl iPl i g



PlanningPlanning

9800’

2926’

Inclination = 35º

Δ TVD of build section

Δ DEP of build section

Δ TVD of hold section

Δ DEP of hold section

Can

calculatethechange inTVD andDEP for

the buildcurve

Pl i gPlanning



PlanningPlanning

Determine the Δ MD to get to 35° at abuild rate of 2°/100 feet

r B

IIMD 12 −=Δ

feet1750100/2

035 =−=ΔMD



PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanningBUILD RATE DEG/100 FEET = 2 RADIUS OF CURVATURE = 2864.79 FEET


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 1500.00 1432.39 383.81 60.00 3000.00 2480.98 1432.39

1.00 50.00 50.00 0.44 31.00 1550.00 1475.48 409.19 61.00 3050.00 2505.60 1475.91

2.00 100.00 99.98 1.75 32.00 1600.00 1518.11 435.31 62.00 3100.00 2529.46 1519.85

3.00 150.00 149.93 3.93 33.00 1650.00 1560.28 462.17 63.00 3150.00 2552.55 1564.20

4.00 200.00 199.84 6.98 34.00 1700.00 1601.97 489.77 64.00 3200.00 2574.86 1608.955.00 250.00 249.68 10.90 35.00 1750.00 1643.18 518.09 65.00 3250.00 2596.38 1654.08

6.00 300.00 299.45 15.69 36.00 1800.00 1683.88 547.13 66.00 3300.00 2617.11 1699.57

7.00 350.00 349.13 21.35 37.00 1850.00 1724.07 576.87 67.00 3350.00 2637.05 1745.43

8.00 400.00 398.70 27.88 38.00 1900.00 1763.74 607.30 68.00 3400.00 2656.19 1791.62

9.00 450.00 448.15 35.27 39.00 1950.00 1802.87 638.43 69.00 3450.00 2674.51 1838.14

10.00 500.00 497.47 43.52 40.00 2000.00 1841.45 670.23 70.00 3500.00 2692.02 1884.9711.00 550.00 546.63 52.63 41.00 2050.00 1879.47 702.71 71.00 3550.00 2708.71 1932.10

12.00 600.00 595.62 62.60 42.00 2100.00 1916.92 735.84 72.00 3600.00 2724.58 1979.52

13.00 650.00 644.44 73.42 43.00 2150.00 1953.78 769.61 73.00 3650.00 2739.61 2027.21

14.00 700.00 693.06 85.10 44.00 2200.00 1990.05 804.03 74.00 3700.00 2753.81 2075.15

15.00 750.00 741.46 97.62 45.00 2250.00 2025.71 839.08 75.00 3750.00 2767.17 2123.33

16.00 800.00 789.64 110.98 46.00 2300.00 2060.76 874.74 76.00 3800.00 2779.69 2171.7317.00 850.00 837.58 125.18 47.00 2350.00 2095.17 911.01 77.00 3850.00 2791.36 2220.35

18.00 900.00 885.27 140.21 48.00 2400.00 2128.95 947.87 78.00 3900.00 2802.19 2269.17

19.00 950.00 932.68 156.08 49.00 2450.00 2162.08 985.32 79.00 3950.00 2812.15 2318.16

20.00 1000.00 979.82 172.77 50.00 2500.00 2194.56 1023.34 80.00 4000.00 2821.27 2367.32

21.00 1050.00 1026.65 190.28 51.00 2550.00 2226.36 1061.92 81.00 4050.00 2829.52 2416.64

22.00 1100.00 1073.17 208.60 52.00 2600.00 2257.48 1101.05 82.00 4100.00 2836.91 2466.0923.00 1150.00 1119.36 227.74 53.00 2650.00 2287.92 1140.72 83.00 4150.00 2843.44 2515.66

24.00 1200.00 1165.21 247.67 54.00 2700.00 2317.66 1180.91 84.00 4200.00 2849.10 2565.34

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

You have the departure of the buildsection and total departure so you cancalculate the departure of the holdsectionDEP hold = 2926 – 518.09 = 2407.91From the right triangle in the holdsection, the TVD of the hold sectioncan be calculated

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

You have the departure of the buildsection and total departure so you cancalculate the departure of the holdsectionDEP hold = 2926 – 518.09 = 2407.91From the right triangle in the holdsection, the TVD of the hold sectioncan be calculated

9800’

2926’

Inclination = 35º





PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

The kickoff point can be calculatedfrom the target TVD less the hold TVDand the build TVDKOP = 9800 – 3438.85 – 1643.18KOP = 4717.97 feet

( )hold

hold

TVDDEPI =tan

( ) ( ) 85.343835tan 91.2407tan === I

DEPTVD holdhold

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

The kickoff point can be calculatedfrom the target TVD less the hold TVDand the build TVDKOP = 9800 – 3438.85 – 1643.18KOP = 4717.97 feet

( )hold

hold

TVDDEPI =tan

( ) ( ) 85.343835tan 91.2407tan === I

DEPTVD holdhold

9800’

2926’

Inclination = 35º





PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

There are many ways to drill aThere are many ways to drill a

directional welldirectional wellExample 4Example 4 --2 (page 42 (page 4 --13) shows13) shows

drilling the same directional welldrilling the same directional wellusing a Type II directional well orusing a Type II directional well or

““ SS ”” curvecurve

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

Example 4Example 4 --22

KOP = 2000’Build rate = 2.5 o/100’

Drop rate = 1.5o

/100’Target TVD = 9800’

Target DEP = 2926’Total depth = 10,000’ TVD

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

DetermineDetermineholdholdinclinationinclinationfrom thefrom thechartchartHoldHold

inclination isinclination is2424 oo

24o

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning




2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild

HoldHold

DropDrop

Vertical to TDVertical to TD

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

Determine theDetermine the MDMD ,, TVDTVD andand DEPDEP

for the build and drop sectionsfor the build and drop sectionsCan be calculated using theCan be calculated using the

radius of curvature calculationsradius of curvature calculationsor can use the buildup chartsor can use the buildup charts

Dropping from 24Dropping from 24oo

to 0to 0oo

will givewill givethe samethe same TVDTVD andand DEPDEP asas

building from 0building from 0oo

to 24to 24oo

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanningBUILD RATE DEG/100 FEET = 2.5 RADIUS OF CURVATURE = 2291.83 FEET


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 1200.00 1145.92 307.05 60.00 2400.00 1984.78 1145.92

1.00 40.00 40.00 0.35 31.00 1240.00 1180.38 327.35 61.00 2440.00 2004.48 1180.73

2.00 80.00 79.98 1.40 32.00 1280.00 1214.49 348.25 62.00 2480.00 2023.57 1215.88

3.00 120.00 119.95 3.14 33.00 1320.00 1248.22 369.74 63.00 2520.00 2042.04 1251.36

4.00 160.00 159.87 5.58 34.00 1360.00 1281.58 391.82 64.00 2560.00 2059.88 1287.165.00 200.00 199.75 8.72 35.00 1400.00 1314.54 414.47 65.00 2600.00 2077.10 1323.26

6.00 240.00 239.56 12.55 36.00 1440.00 1347.10 437.70 66.00 2640.00 2093.69 1359.66

7.00 280.00 279.30 17.08 37.00 1480.00 1379.26 461.49 67.00 2680.00 2109.64 1396.34

8.00 320.00 318.96 22.30 38.00 1520.00 1410.99 485.84 68.00 2720.00 2124.95 1433.30

9.00 360.00 358.52 28.22 39.00 1560.00 1442.30 510.74 69.00 2760.00 2139.61 1470.51

10.00 400.00 397.97 34.82 40.00 1600.00 1473.16 536.19 70.00 2800.00 2153.62 1507.98

11.00 440.00 437.30 42.11 41.00 1640.00 1503.58 562.16 71.00 2840.00 2166.97 1545.68

12.00 480.00 476.50 50.08 42.00 1680.00 1533.53 588.67 72.00 2880.00 2179.66 1583.62

13.00 520.00 515.55 58.74 43.00 1720.00 1563.03 615.69 73.00 2920.00 2191.69 1621.76

14.00 560.00 554.44 68.08 44.00 1760.00 1592.04 643.23 74.00 2960.00 2203.05 1660.12

15.00 600.00 593.17 78.09 45.00 1800.00 1620.57 671.26 75.00 3000.00 2213.74 1698.66

16.00 640.00 631.71 88.78 46.00 1840.00 1648.61 699.79 76.00 3040.00 2223.75 1737.39

17.00 680.00 670.07 100.14 47.00 1880.00 1676.14 728.81 77.00 3080.00 2233.09 1776.28

18.00 720.00 708.21 112.17 48.00 1920.00 1703.16 758.30 78.00 3120.00 2241.75 1815.33

19.00 760.00 746.15 124.86 49.00 1960.00 1729.67 788.25 79.00 3160.00 2249.72 1854.53

20.00 800.00 783.85 138.21 50.00 2000.00 1755.64 818.67 80.00 3200.00 2257.01 1893.86

21.00 840.00 821.32 152.22 51.00 2040.00 1781.09 849.54 81.00 3240.00 2263.61 1933.31

22.00 880.00 858.54 166.88 52.00 2080.00 1805.99 880.84 82.00 3280.00 2269.53 1972.87

23.00 920.00 895.49 182.19 53.00 2120.00 1830.34 912.57 83.00 3320.00 2274.75 2012.53

24.00 960.00 932.17 198.14 54.00 2160.00 1854.13 944.73 84.00 3360.00 2279.28 2052.27

PlanningPlanning



PlanninggBUILD RATE DEG/100 FEET = 1.5 RADIUS OF CURVATURE = 3819.72 FEET


0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00 2000.00 1909.86 511.75 60.00 4000.00 3307.97 1909.86

1.00 66.67 66.66 0.58 31.00 2066.67 1967.30 545.58 61.00 4066.67 3340.80 1967.88

2.00 133.33 133.31 2.33 32.00 2133.33 2024.14 580.41 62.00 4133.33 3372.61 2026.47

3.00 200.00 199.91 5.23 33.00 2200.00 2080.37 616.23 63.00 4200.00 3403.39 2085.60

4.00 266.67 266.45 9.30 34.00 2266.67 2135.96 653.03 64.00 4266.67 3433.14 2145.265.00 333.33 332.91 14.54 35.00 2333.33 2190.90 690.79 65.00 4333.33 3461.84 2205.44

6.00 400.00 399.27 20.92 36.00 2400.00 2245.17 729.50 66.00 4400.00 3489.49 2266.10

7.00 466.67 465.51 28.47 37.00 2466.67 2298.76 769.16 67.00 4466.67 3516.07 2327.24

8.00 533.33 531.60 37.17 38.00 2533.33 2351.65 809.74 68.00 4533.33 3541.58 2388.83

9.00 600.00 597.54 47.03 39.00 2600.00 2403.83 851.24 69.00 4600.00 3566.01 2450.85

10.00 666.67 663.29 58.03 40.00 2666.67 2455.27 893.64 70.00 4666.67 3589.36 2513.3011.00 733.33 728.84 70.18 41.00 2733.33 2505.96 936.94 71.00 4733.33 3611.61 2576.14

12.00 800.00 794.16 83.47 42.00 2800.00 2555.89 981.11 72.00 4800.00 3632.77 2639.36

13.00 866.67 859.25 97.90 43.00 2866.67 2605.04 1026.15 73.00 4866.67 3652.82 2702.94

14.00 933.33 924.07 113.46 44.00 2933.33 2653.40 1072.04 74.00 4933.33 3671.75 2766.86

15.00 1000.00 988.62 130.15 45.00 3000.00 2700.95 1118.77 75.00 5000.00 3689.56 2831.10

16.00 1066.67 1052.86 147.97 46.00 3066.67 2747.68 1166.32 76.00 5066.67 3706.26 2895.65

17.00 1133.33 1116.78 166.90 47.00 3133.33 2793.57 1214.68 77.00 5133.33 3721.82 2960.47

18.00 1200.00 1180.36 186.95 48.00 3200.00 2838.60 1263.83 78.00 5200.00 3736.25 3025.55

19.00 1266.67 1243.58 208.10 49.00 3266.67 2882.78 1313.76 79.00 5266.67 3749.54 3090.88

20.00 1333.33 1306.42 230.36 50.00 3333.33 2926.07 1364.45 80.00 5333.33 3761.69 3156.43

21.00 1400.00 1368.86 253.70 51.00 3400.00 2968.48 1415.89 81.00 5400.00 3772.69 3222.18

22.00 1466.67 1430.89 278.14 52.00 3466.67 3009.98 1468.07 82.00 5466.67 3782.55 3288.12

23.00 1533.33 1492.48 303.65 53.00 3533.33 3050.56 1520.95 83.00 5533.33 3791.25 3354.21

24.00 1600.00 1553.62 330.23 54.00 3600.00 3090.22 1574.54 84.00 5600.00 3798.79 3420.45

PlanningPlanning



gg

Build and drop sectionsBuild and drop sections



2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild 960.00960.00 932.17932.17 198.14198.14

HoldHold

DropDrop 1600.001600.00 1553.621553.62 330.23330.23


PlanningPlanning



gg

Calculate theCalculate the TVDTVD andand DEPDEP ofof

the hold sectionthe hold sectionTVD rem = 9800 – 2000 – 932.17 –1553.62 = 5314.21’DEP rem = 2926 – 198.14 – 330.23 =2397.63’

Calculate theCalculate the MDMD of the holdof the holdsectionsection

PlanningPlanning



gg

5.022 )( DEPTVDMD Δ+Δ=Δ

'05.5830)63.239721.5314( 5.022 =+=ΔMD

PlanningPlanning



gg

The hold section can be enteredThe hold section can be entered

into the tableinto the tableSectionSection MDMD TVDTVD DEPDEP


2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild 960.00960.00 932.17932.17 198.14198.14

HoldHold 5830.055830.05 5314.215314.21 2397.632397.63DropDrop 1600.001600.00 1553.621553.62 330.23330.23


PlanningPlanning



gg

Add the vertical to total depthAdd the vertical to total depth



2000.002000.00 2000.002000.00 0.000.00

BuildBuild 960.00960.00 932.17932.17 198.14198.14HoldHold 5830.055830.05 5314.215314.21 2397.632397.63

DropDrop 1600.001600.00 1553.621553.62 330.23330.23Vertical to TDVertical to TD 200.00200.00 200.00200.00 0.000.00

TotalTotal 10,590.0510,590.05 10,000.0010,000.00 2926.002926.00

PlanningPlanning



g

PlanningPlanning



The hold inclination can also beThe hold inclination can also be

calculated using trigonometrycalculated using trigonometry You draw a picture of the well You draw a picture of the well

and then solve for the angle ofand then solve for the angle ofinclination based on theinclination based on the

trianglestriangles

PlanningPlanning



The well has aThe well has akickoff point ofkickoff point of20002000 ’’, a build rate, a build rateof 2of 2 °° /100 /100 ’’, and, and aa

target of 9800target of 9800 ’’ TVDTVDand 4060and 4060 ’’

DEPDEP

Calculate theCalculate theinclinationinclination II

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

r = 180 / Br * π

PlanningPlanning



Calculate the lengthCalculate the lengthof line BC from theof line BC from theDEP and the radiusDEP and the radiusof curvature of theof curvature of the

buildbuild

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

'21.1195

79.28644060

=

−=

BC

BC

PlanningPlanning



Calculate angle A ofCalculate angle A oftriangle ABC wheretriangle ABC whereB is a right angleB is a right angle

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

o71.8

780021.1195

tan

tan

1

=

⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜⎝ ⎛ =

=

−

A

A

AB

BC A

PlanningPlanning



Calculate the lengthCalculate the lengthof side ACof side AC

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

( )04.789171.8cos

7800

cos

=

=

=

AC

AC

AC

AB A

PlanningPlanning



Calculate angle A ofCalculate angle A oftriangle ADC wheretriangle ADC whereD is a right angleD is a right angle

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

o

71.68

04.789179.2864

cos

cos

1

=

⎟ ⎠ ⎞

⎜⎝ ⎛ =

=−

A

A

AC

AD

A

PlanningPlanning



Calculate the angleCalculate the angleA of DABA of DAB

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

o

0.6071.871.68

=

−=

I

I

PlanningPlanning



Calculate theCalculate theinclination requiredinclination requiredto hit the targetto hit the target

2000’

9800’

I

I

Ar = 2864.79’

7 8 0 0 ’

B C

D

DEP = 4060’

o

0.300.6090

=

−=

I

I

PlanningPlanning



The hold inclination can also beThe hold inclination can also becalculated using a methodcalculated using a methoddeveloped by Wiggins, et. al.developed by Wiggins, et. al.called the single equationcalled the single equationSingle equation simplifiesSingle equation simplifieshorizontal, directional planninghorizontal, directional planningHowever, a number of equationsHowever, a number of equationsmust be solved before using themust be solved before using the

single equationsingle equation

PlanningPlanning



The paper is still one of theThe paper is still one of the

simplest methods for calculatingsimplest methods for calculatingthe hold inclinationthe hold inclination

It works for both a type I andIt works for both a type I andtype II welltype II well

It even works for horizontal wellsIt even works for horizontal wellswith a tangent sectionwith a tangent section

PlanningPlanning



(4-1)

(4-2)

(4-3)

(4-4)

(4-5)

(4-6)

(4-7)

Single Equation

r Br

π 1801 =

r Br

π

1802 =

21 r r R +=

14 TVDTVDTVD −=

RDEPX −= 4

[ ]2/1222 RXTVDL −+=

( ) ( )⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡++= −

221sin

LRLXRTVDI

PlanningPlanning



NomenclatureNomenclaturer

1

TVD 1

I

TVD2

TVD4

DEP 2

DEP 3

DEP 4

I

r 2

I

TVD3

T r u e

V e r

t i c a

l D e p

t h

Departure

PlanningPlanning



The equations can be used toThe equations can be used to

determine the hold inclination indetermine the hold inclination inExample 4Example 4 --3 (page 43 (page 4 --24), which24), whichis the same problem as Exampleis the same problem as Example44 --11

TVD1

= KOP = 2000’TVD 4 = Target TVD = 9800’DEP

4= Target DEP = 2926’

PlanningPlanning



CalculateCalculate r r 11

andand r r 22

Since there is no dropSince there is no drop

14eqn'79.2864)100/2(

1801801 −===π π r B

r

24eqn02 −=r

PlanningPlanning



CalculateCalculate RR from equation 4from equation 4 --33

CalculateCalculate TVDTVD from equation 4from equation 4 --44

34eqn79.2864079.286421 −=+=+= r r R

44eqn78002000980014 −=−=−= TVDTVDTVD

PlanningPlanning



CalculateCalculate XX with equation 4with equation 4 --55

CalculateCalculate LL with equation 4with equation 4 --66

54eqn21.6179.286429264 −=−=−= RDEPX

[ ] [ ]12.7255

64eqn79.286421.617800 2122221222

=−−+=−+=

L

RXTVDL

PlanningPlanning



Calculate the hold angle with equationCalculate the hold angle with equation44 --77

The hold inclination needs to be 22The hold inclination needs to be 22 oo

( ) ( )

[ ]o

1

221

221

0.22

3746.0sin

12.725579.2864)12.7255)(21.61()79.2864)(7800(sin

74eqnsin

=

=

⎥⎦⎤⎢

⎣⎡ ++=

−⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎣

⎡

++=

−

−

−

I

I

I

LR

LXRTVDI

PlanningPlanning



Example 4Example 4 --4 on page 44 on page 4 --2525

Given the same problem as Example4-2 on page 4-13Calculate the hold angle with the“single equation” for the Type II well

PlanningPlanning




andand r r 22

14eqn'83.2291)100/5.2( 1801801 −===π π r B

r

24eqn'72.3819)100/5.1(

1801802 −===π π r B

r

PlanningPlanning





55.611171.381983.229121 =+=+= r r R

78002000980014 =−=−= TVDTVDTVD

PlanningPlanning





55.318555.611129264 −=−=−= RDEPX

[ ][ ]

71.579955.6111)55.3185(7800 21222

21

222

=−−+=

−+=

L

L

RXTVDL

PlanningPlanning




( ) ( )

o

221

221

28.24

07.579955.6111)71.5799)(55.3185()55.6111)(7800(

sin

sin

=

⎥⎦

⎤⎢⎣

⎡

+−+=

⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎣

⎡

++=

−

−

I

I

LR

LXRTVDI

PlanningPlanning



Class ProblemClass Problem – –

Problem 2 on pageProblem 2 on page44 --3939

Target TVD = 2850 mTarget DEP = 800 m

Drill an “S” curve or type II wellboreKOP = 626 m

Build rate = 1.5o

/30 mDrop rate = 1.5 o/30 mBe vertical at a TVD of 2850 m

PlanningPlanning



TVDTVD44 = 2850m= 2850m

TVDTVD11

= 626m= 626mBuild = 1.5Build = 1.5 ºº /30m /30mDrop = 1.5Drop = 1.5 ºº /30m /30mDEPDEP

44 = 800m= 800mII = 24.99= 24.99 ºº

1.5/30m

626

I

TVD 2

2850

DEP2

DEP 3

800

I

1.5/30m

I

TVD 3

T r u e

V e r

t i c a

l D e p

t h

Departure

Find the hold Inclination

PlanningPlanning




andand r r 22

m92.1145)30/5.1(180180

1 ===π π r Br

m92.1145)30/5.1(

1801802

===π π r B

r

PlanningPlanning





84.229192.114592.114521 =+=+= r r R

2224626285014

=−=−= TVDTVDTVD

PlanningPlanning





84.149184.22918004 −=−=−= RDEPX

[ ][ ]

36.138584.2291)84.1491(2224 21222

21

222

=−−+=

−+=

L

L

RXTVDL

PlanningPlanning




( ) ( )

( )o

1

221

221

99.244225.0sin

36.138584.2291)36.1385)(83.1491()84.2291)(2224(

sin

sin

=

=

⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎣

⎡

+−+=

⎥⎦

⎤

⎢⎣

⎡

++=

−

−

−

I

I

I

LR

LXRTVDI

Horizontal PlanningHorizontal Planning



Planning a horizontal well isPlanning a horizontal well isdifferent from a normaldifferent from a normaldirectional welldirectional well

It takes more coordinationIt takes more coordinationbetween disciplines within thebetween disciplines within thecompany and with servicecompany and with servicecompaniescompanies




Normal Directional WellNormal Directional Well

Target is defined by departure andTVDTarget has tolerances in thehorizontal plane (North and East)Target may be plus or minus 100 feetor 30 meters




Horizontal WellHorizontal WellTarget is a TVD target and is usually

more important than the DEP targetTarget tolerances are much smaller

The formation thickness can beanywhere from 3 feet (1 m) to morethan 100 feet (30 m)It is harder to hit the target and takesgreater care




Gather InformationGather Information

Offset well data such as bit records,mud logs, open hole logs, dailydrilling reports, directionalinformation, etc.There are few if any horizontal

exploratory wells




First, Define the Reason forFirst, Define the Reason forDrilling the Horizontal WellDrilling the Horizontal Well

Prevent water or gas coningIntersect vertical fracturesIncreased reservoir exposure toincrease production

Avoid vertical fractures to minimizewater production, etc.




The reason for drilling theThe reason for drilling thehorizontal drives the completionhorizontal drives the completionwhich drives the drillingwhich drives the drilling

If drilled to prevent water coning,If drilled to prevent water coning,the wellbore would be placedthe wellbore would be placednear the top of the reservoir, etc.near the top of the reservoir, etc.




GeologyGeologyThe geology in a horizontal well isextremely importantTVD targets can be very small andbed dip can be a major considerationMost often geology can be morecomplicated than predicted




Planned Geology

Actual Geology

Resulted in a technical success and an economic failure




If the geology is not precisely known,the drilling engineer must allow forgeologic interpretation while drillingWill probably require some

geosteering tools




May drill a pilot hole, log, plug backand sidetrackUsually better to drill pilot hole atsome angle

GeologicalGeological

CorrelationCorrelation

GasGas

IdentificationIdentification

of Formation andof Formation andFluid InterfacesFluid Interfaces

Water Water

OilOil

Optimized PlacementOptimized Placementof Completionof Completion




If the geologic data isIf the geologic data isinadequate, the chances of ainadequate, the chances of acommercially viable horizontalcommercially viable horizontalwellbore decreases significantlywellbore decreases significantly




Placement of Horizontal WithinPlacement of Horizontal Withinthe Zonethe Zone

Top for water coningBottom for gas coning

Traverse for natural fractures or in aportion more highly fractured




The well may be drilled from topThe well may be drilled from topto bottom to counteract verticalto bottom to counteract vertical

permeability barrierspermeability barriersShale

Shale

Fractured Reservoir




Placement of Horizontal WithinPlacement of Horizontal Withinthe Zonethe Zone

Fracture orientation determinesdirection of horizontal

May be placed in a portion of thereservoir not swept by a water flood




Completion requirementsCompletion requirementsOpen hole, slotted liner, screen,gravel pack, cased and cemented,slotted liner and ECP’s.Hole size requirementsFlowing well, gas lift, submersiblepump, rod pump, hydraulic pump,PCP pump




Contingency for future problems withwater or gas coningDoes the build curve need to becased and cemented

Sidetracking existing well or drilling anew well




Determining build rateDetermining build rateNew well or sidetrack existing wellLess directional drilling costs lessmoney (higher build rates to a point)Steerable versus non-steerable(hitting the target)Hole size


l d l l d h d



Fluid level and pumping methodGenerally you pick either the build

rate or the kick off point and calculatethe other

Most of the time, the build rate isselected and the kick off point iscalculatedThe final inclination is determined bythe bed dip




Build rate accuracy of directionalBuild rate accuracy of directionalequipmentequipment

Generally not greater than plus orminus 10%, may be worse in someareasHave to plan for possible deviation

from predicted versus actualperformance


50000



DEPARTURE

T V D

500.00

550.00

600.00

650.00

700.00

750.00

800.00

0.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00

20 /100' 8 /100'

10%

-10%

10%

-10%

o o




Plan tangent section−

Short section in build curve planned to

be straight−

Requires multiple trips unless build rateis low enough to use steerable

Fractional orientation−

Kick off higher than required and kill

some build rate by rotating the motor fora short distance several times−

Must be steerable to an extent




Tangent SectionInclusive

FractionalOrientation

Smooth Arc




Drill with a steerable system−

Can adjust build rate by sliding androtating but the build rate is limited

Can also wag the motor

−

Orient left and right of high side to killsome of the build rate

−

More dogleg severity in the build section

−

Difficult to predict the results


f



Soft landing−

Plan for a lowerbuild rate in thelast ~20 degreesof build and run asteerable motor inthat section

Soft LandingSoft Landing

++

++r r 11

r r 22




Horizontal planning requiresHorizontal planning requiresinput from:input from:

GeologyDrillingReservoir ProductionService companies


A G O A S A G



FAILING TO PLAN IS PLANNINGFAILING TO PLAN IS PLANNINGTO FAILTO FAIL


lE l 4 (5 ( 4 33) h33) h



Example 4Example 4 --5 (page 45 (page 4 --33) shows33) showshow to calculate the kickoff pointhow to calculate the kickoff pointfor a horizontal well with afor a horizontal well with aplanned tangent sectionplanned tangent section

Target TVD = 4800 feetBuild rate = 12 o/100 feetTangent section at 60 o

Tangent section length = 50’ TVD





C l l h TVD i d i hC l l t th TVD i d i th



Calculate the TVD required in theCalculate the TVD required in thefirst build section to 60first build section to 60 oo

( )( )( )12

12 sinsin180II

IIMDTVD

−−Δ=Δ

π

( )( )( )

feet50.413060

0sin60sin500180 =−

−=Δπ

TVD

feet500100/12

06012 =−=−=Δr B

IIMD


C l l t th TVD i d i thC l l t th TVD i d i th



Calculate the TVD required in theCalculate the TVD required in thesecond build section from 60second build section from 60 oo

toto

9090 oo

( )( )( )

feet97.636090

60sin90sin250180 =−

−=Δπ

TVD

feet250100/12

609012 =−=−=Δr B

IIMD


Th TVD f th t g t ti iThe TVD of the tangent section is



The TVD of the tangent section isThe TVD of the tangent section is50 feet50 feetCalculate the KOPCalculate the KOP

KOP = 4800 – 413.50 – 50 – 63.97KOP = 4272.53 feet


Seldom is the bed dip 0Seldom is the bed dip 0 oo makingmaking



Seldom is the bed dip 0Seldom is the bed dip 0 o makingmaking

the calculation of the kickoffthe calculation of the kickoffpoint more complicatedpoint more complicatedExample 4Example 4 --6 (page 46 (page 4 --34) shows34) showshow to calculate a KOP when thehow to calculate a KOP when thebed dips at 5bed dips at 5 oo


Apparent bed dip is 5 o (drilling down



Apparent bed dip is 5 (drilling downdip)

Build rate = 14 o/100 feetBed thickness = 50 feet

TVD of the target below the surfacelocation is 4000 feetWant to drill from the top of theproducing formation at the beginningof the horizontal to the bottom at the

end of the horizontal


Kick off point



Vertical Section, feet

T r u e

V e r t

i c a

l D e

t h ,

f e e t

4000 feet

Formation Top

B

C

AD

EIncreased TVD

to Target

Difference between beddip and wellbore angle

Want to drill from the top of the



Want to drill from the top of theformation to the bottom of theformation in 2,000 feet of horizontalsection




Kick off point



Vertical Section, feet

T r u e

V e r t

i c a

l D e

t h ,

f e e t

4000 feetFormation Top

B

C

AD

EIncreased TVD

to Target

Difference between beddip and wellbore angle


Calculate the DEP to reach theCalculate the DEP to reach the



Calculate the DEP to reach theCalculate the DEP to reach thehorizontal inclination of 83.57horizontal inclination of 83.57 oo

( )( )( )12

21 coscos180II

IIMDDEP

−−Δ=Δ

π

( )( )( )

feet42.363057.83

57.83cos0cos93.596180 =−−=Δ

π

DEP

feet93.596100/14

057.8312 =−=−=Δr B

IIMD


Calculate the length of side DE inCalculate the length of side DE in



Calculate the length of side DE inCalculate the length of side DE intriangle ADEtriangle ADE

The formation will beThe formation will beencountered 31.80 feet deeper atencountered 31.80 feet deeper at

aa DEPDEP of 363.42 feetof 363.42 feet

AE

DE A =tan

AE ADE ×=tan

( ) feet80.3142.3635tan =×=DE


Calculate the TVD for the buildCalculate the TVD for the build



Calculate the TVD for the buildCalculate the TVD for the buildcurvecurve

( )( )( )12

12 sinsin180II

IIMDTVD

−

−Δ=Δπ

( )( )( )

feet68.406057.83

0sin57.83sin93.596180 =−

−=Δπ

TVD


Calculate the kickoff pointCalculate the kickoff point



Calculate the kickoff pointCalculate the kickoff pointKOP = 4000 + 31.80 – 406.68KOP = 3625.12 feet



4000 ft

A

B

CD

E

KOP

3553.50’

1.43 o

Angle of Horiz. = 93.57o

Δ DEP=434.74’DE=38.04’

Δ TVD=

408.46’


Calculate angle A in triangle ABCCalculate angle A in triangle ABC



Ca cu ate a g e t a g e Cg g

The inclination of the horizontalThe inclination of the horizontal

would be 90would be 90oo

plus the bed dipplus the bed dipminus the angle Aminus the angle A

I = 90 + 5 – 1.43 = 93.57o

⎟ ⎠

⎞

⎜⎝

⎛ = −

AC

BC A 1

sin

o

43.12000

50sin 1 =⎟

⎠

⎞⎜

⎝

⎛ = − A


Calculate theCalculate the DEPDEP to reach theto reach the



horizontal inclination of 93.57horizontal inclination of 93.57 oo

( )( )( )12

21 coscos180II

IIMDDEP

−−Δ=Δ

π

( )( )( )

feet74.434057.93

57.93cos0cos36.668180 =−−=Δ

π

DEP

feet36.668100/14

057.9312 =−=−=Δr B

IIMD




4000 ft

A

B

CD

E


Calculate the length of side DE inCalculate the length of side DE in



ggtriangle ADEtriangle ADE

The formation will beThe formation will beencountered 38.04 feet shallowerencountered 38.04 feet shallower

at aat a DEPDEP

of 434.74 feetof 434.74 feet

AD

DE A =tan

AD ADE ×= tan

( ) feet04.3874.4345tan =×=DE


Calculate the TVD for the buildCalculate the TVD for the build



curvecurve

( )( )( )12

12 sinsin180II

IIMDTVD

−−Δ=Δ

π

( )( )

( )feet46.408

057.93

0sin57.93sin36.668180 =−

−=Δπ

TVD


Calculate the kickoff pointCalculate the kickoff point



pKOP = 4000 – 38.04 – 408.46KOP = 3553.50 feet

GeosteeringGeosteering

Geosteering is the drilling of aGeosteering is the drilling of a



horizontal, or other deviatedhorizontal, or other deviatedwell, where decisions on wellwell, where decisions on wellpath adjustment are made basedpath adjustment are made basedon real time geologic andon real time geologic andreservoir datareservoir data


Geosteering is required when theGeosteering is required when the



marker is ill defined, targetmarker is ill defined, targettolerances are tight or geologytolerances are tight or geologyso complicated that as to makeso complicated that as to makeconventional directional drillingconventional directional drillingimpractical (geometric steering)impractical (geometric steering)


Geosteering methodsGeosteering methods



Drilling rateSamplesLWD (Logging While Drilling)

−

Gamma ray

−

Resistivity

−

Density –

Neutron−

Sonic


Because of the inaccuracy ofBecause of the inaccuracy of



directional surveys and geology,directional surveys and geology,it may not be possible toit may not be possible toestablish a horizontal wellboreestablish a horizontal wellborewithin the pay zone in smallwithin the pay zone in smalltargets (geometric steering)targets (geometric steering)

Geosteering is required in orderGeosteering is required in orderto accomplish the taskto accomplish the task


GeologicGeologick b



markers can bemarkers can be

used toused toestablish theestablish the

wellbore withinwellbore withinthe pay zone if athe pay zone if aconsistentconsistentgeologic markergeologic markerexistsexists

Reservoir

Geologic Marker


Penetration rate may indicatePenetration rate may indicate



geologic markersgeologic markersSamples can be used toSamples can be used todetermine the depth of geologicdetermine the depth of geologicmarkers though it is notmarkers though it is notextremely accurateextremely accurateLWD data can be used toLWD data can be used todetermine geologic markersdetermine geologic markers


Typical layout ofTypical layout ofLWD l i hiLWD l i hi

Neutron

Density

100 ft

120 ftNeutron

Density

100 ft

120 ft



LWD tools withinLWD tools within

the directionalthe directionalbottomholebottomhole

assemblyassemblyEvery well does notEvery well does notrequire all of theserequire all of thesetoolstools

DirectionMeasurements

GR

Resistivity

InclinationGRButton Resistivity

Resistivity at BitFeet from Bit

0 ft

20 ft

40 ft

60 ft

80 ftDirectionMeasurements

GR

Resistivity

InclinationGRButton Resistivity

Resistivity at BitFeet from Bit

0 ft

20 ft

40 ft

60 ft

80 ft


Deep resistivityDeep resistivityb d tb d t

aa

Inductive

Resistivity

Inductive AttenuationAttenuationResistivity

AzimuthalResistivity Near-BitElectr ical Resistivity

Non-

D r i l l i ng D i s t anc e t o C o n t ac t

Propagat

ion

aa

Inductive

Resistivity



Non-


Propagat

ion

aa

Inductive

Resistivity



Non-


Propagat

ion



can be used tocan be used to

detect beddetect bedboundariesboundaries

Non-Pay

c t Non-Pay

c t Non-Pay

c t


Once the well isOnce the well isithi thithi th



within thewithin the

reservoir, itreservoir, itmust be kept inmust be kept in

the reservoir the reservoir LWD such as GRLWD such as GRand resistivityand resistivity

Top Reservoir

Base Reservoir


AzimuthalAzimuthali ti it dresistivity and



resistivity andresistivity and

GR can be usedGR can be usedto determine ifto determine if

the wellbore isthe wellbore isclose to the topclose to the topor bottom of theor bottom of theformationformation


Sometimes it isSometimes it isdesirable todesirable to



desirable todesirable to

remain a fixedremain a fixeddistance abovedistance abovethe oil/waterthe oil/watercontactcontactResistivity toolResistivity tool

Top Reservoir

Oil

Water


Drilling faultDrilling faultblocksblocks

Geologic Faults



blocksblocks

Must recognizeMust recognizewhen a fault iswhen a fault is

encounteredencounteredand reestablishand reestablishthe wellborethe wellborewithin the paywithin the payzonezone

GeosteeringGeosteeringOnce the wellboreOnce the wellborehas exited a payhas exited a payzone it takes timezone it takes timed

a) Angle of Incidenceb) Bit-to-Sensor Detection Distancec) Decision Reaction Distanced) Correction Curve Ratee) Hold Distance to Re-entryf) Anticipated Changes in Structureg) Curve Distance to Recovery

Recovery Parameters

d


Recovery Parameters

d


Recovery Parameters



zone, it takes timezone, it takes time

to get the wellboreto get the wellboreback in the zoneback in the zone

It depends uponIt depends uponthe angle leavingthe angle leavingthe zone, the DLSthe zone, the DLSof the motor, andof the motor, andthe distance of thethe distance of the

sensor from the bitsensor from the bit

b a

c

d

f g

e

250

200

150

100

50

0

1 2 3 4 5 6Bad Exit Angle of Incidence, deg

D i s t a n c e

t o

R e - e n

t r y ,

f t

b = 5 0 f t b

i t

b = 5 0 f t b

i t - - s e n s d =

4

s e n s d

= 4 / 1 0

0 f t / 1 0

0 f t

b = 5 0 f t b i t - s e n s d = 6 / 1 0 0 f

t

b = 5 0 f t b i

t - s e n s d =

4 / 1 0 0 f t

b = 5 0 f t b i t - s e n s d = 6 / 1 0 0

f t

b a

c

d

f g

e

250

200

150

100

50

0


D i s t a n c e

t o

R e - e n

t r y ,

f t

b = 5 0 f t b

i t

b = 5 0 f t b

i t - - s e n s d =

4

s e n s d

= 4 / 1 0

0 f t / 1 0

0 f t

b = 5 0 f t b i t - s e n s d = 6 / 1 0 0 f

t

b = 5 0 f t b i

t - s e n s d =

4 / 1 0 0 f t

b = 5 0 f t b i t - s e n s d = 6 / 1 0 0

f t

b a

c

d

f g

e

250

200

150

100

50

0


D i s t a n c e

t o

R e - e n

t r y ,

f t

b = 5 0 f t b

i t

b = 5 0 f t b

i t - - s e n s d =

4

s e n s d

= 4 / 1 0

0 f t / 1 0

0 f t

b = 5 0 f t b i t - s e n s d = 6 / 1 0 0 f

t

b = 5 0 f t b i

t - s e n s d =

4 / 1 0 0 f t

b = 5 0 f t b i t - s e n s d = 6 / 1 0 0

f t


If you want to use LWD, threeIf you want to use LWD, threed t k t thg d t k t g th



groups need to work together groups need to work together DrillingGeologyThe MWD vendor

PlanningPlanning



PlanningPlanning

14a- Directional Drilling Operations,Tools Power Point

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Transcript of 14a- Directional Drilling Operations,Tools Power Point