14-ORAL CAVITY.ppt

8/9/2019 14-ORAL CAVITY.ppt

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Oral CavityTongue & Palate

Dr. senarathnen.m.u


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Oral Cavity (Mouth)

Extends from the lips tothe oropharyngealisthmus Theoropharyngeal

isthmus

!s the "un#tion ofmouth and pharynx.

!s $ounded %$ove$y the soft

palate andthe

palatoglossal folds elo'$y the dorsum of

the tongue

u$divided into esti$ule

& Oral #avity proper


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esti$ule

litli*e spa#e $et'eenthe #hee*s and the gums

Communi#ates 'ith theexterior through the oral+ssure

,hen the "a's are#losed- #ommuni#ates'ith the oral #avityproper $ehind the rdmolar toothon ea#h side

uperiorlyand inferiorlylimited $y the re/e#tionof mu#ous mem$ranefrom lips and #hee* onto

the gums


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esti$ule #ont0d

The lateral 'all of the

vesti$uleis formed $ythe #hee* The #hee* is

#omposed ofu##inatormus#le-

#overed laterally$ythe s*in & medially$y the mu#ousmem$rane

% small papillaon the

mu#osa opposite theupper 1ndmolar toothmar*s the opening ofthedu#t of the parotidgland


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Oral Cavity Proper

!t is the #avity 'ithinthe alveolar margins ofthe maxillae and themandi$le

!ts2oof is formed $ythe hard palateanteriorly and the softpalate posteriorly

!ts 3looris formed $ythe mylohyoid mus#le.The anterior 14rdof thetongue lies on the /oor.

hard

soft

palate

mylohyoid


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3loor of the Mouth

Covered 'ith mu#ous

mem$rane !n the midline- a

mu#osal fold- thefrenulum- #onne#ts thetongue to the /oor of

the mouth On ea#h side of

frenulum a small papillahas the opening of thedu#t of the

su$mandi$ular gland % rounded ridgeextending $a#*'ard &laterally from the papillais produ#ed $y thesu$lingual gland


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5erve upply

o ensory 2oof $y greater palatineand nasopalatinenerves

($ran#hes of maxillary nerve)

3loor $y lingualnerve ($ran#h of mandi$ular

nerve) Chee* $y $u##alnerve ($ran#h of mandi$ular

nerve)

o Motor Mus#le in the #hee* ($u##inator) and the lip

(or$i#ularis oris) are supplied $y the $ran#hes ofthe fa#ial nerve


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Tongue Mass of striated mus#les

#overed 'ith the mu#ousmem$rane

Divided into right and lefthalves $y a medianseptum

Three parts Oral(anterior ) Pharyngeal(posterior ) 2oot ($ase)

T'o surfa#es Dorsal entral


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Dorsal urfa#e Divided into anterior t'o

third and posterior onethird$y a 6shapedsul#us terminalis.

The apex of the sul#us

fa#es $a#*'ard and ismar*ed $y a pit #alledthe foramen #e#um

3oramen #e#um- an

em$ryologi#al remnant-mar*s the site of theupper end of thethyroglossal du#t


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Dorsal urfa#e #ont0d

%nterior t'o thirdmu#osa is rough- sho'sthree types of papillae 3illiform 3ungiform allate

Posterior one third 5opapillae$ut sho'snodular surfa#e

$e#ause of underlyinglymphati# nodules- thelingual tonsils


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entral urfa#e mooth (no papillae)

!n the midlineanteriorly- a mu#osalfold- frenulum#onne#ts the tongue'ith the /oor of themouth

7ateral to frenulum-deep lingual vein#an$e seen through the

mu#osa 7ateral to lingual vein-

a fold of mu#osa formsthe pli#a +m$riata


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Mus#les

The tongue is#omposed of t'otypes of mus#les

!ntrinsi#

Extrinsi#


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!ntrinsi# Mus#les

Con+ned to tongue 5o $ony atta#hment

Consist of

7ongitudinal +$ers

Transverse +$ers

erti#al +$ers

3un#tion %lter the

shape of the tongue


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Extrinsi# Mus#les Conne#t the tongue to

the surroundingstru#tures the softpalate and the $ones(mandi$le- hyoid $one-styloid pro#ess)

!n#lude Palatoglossus 8enioglossus

9yoglossus tyloglossus

3un#tion 9elp inmovements of the

tongue


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Movements

Protrusion 8enioglossus on $oth sides a#ting together

2etra#tion tyloglossus and hyoglossus on $oth sides a#ting

together Depression

9yoglossus and genioglossus on $oth sidesa#ting together

Elevation tyloglossus and palatoglossus on $oth sides

a#ting together


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ensory 5erve upply %nterior :

8eneral sensations7ingual nerve

pe#ial sensations #horda tympani

Posterior: 8eneral & spe#ial

sensationsglossopharyngeal nerve

ase 8eneral & spe#ial

sensations internallaryngeal nerve


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Motor 5erve upply

!ntrinsi# mus#les 9ypoglossal nerve

Extrinsi# mus#les

%ll supplied $ythehypoglossalnerve- ex#ept thepalatoglossus

The palatoglossussupplied $y thepharyngeal plexus


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lood upply %rteries

7ingual arteryTonsillar $ran#h

of fa#ial artery

%s#endingpharyngealartery

eins

7ingual vein-ultimately drainsinto the internal

"ugular vein

Hypoglossalnerve

Lingual

artery & vein

Deep lingual

vein

Dorsal lingual

artery & vein


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7ymphati# Drainage

Tip

u$mental nodes$ilaterally & thendeep #ervi#al nodes

%nterior t'o third u$mandi$ularunilaterally & thendeep #ervi#al nodes

Posterior third Deep #ervi#al nodes

("ugulodigastri#mainly)


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Functions The tonge is the most important

arti#ulator for spee#h produ#tion.

During spee#h- the tongue #anma*e ama:ing range ofmovements

The primary fun#tion of the

tongueis to provide a me#hanism fortaste. Taste $uds are lo#ated ondi;erent areas of the tongue- $utare generally found around the

edges. They are sensitive tofour main

tastes itter- our-alty & 'eet


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The tongue is needed forsu#*ing- #he'ing-s'allo'ing- eating-

drin*ing- *issing-s'eeping the mouthforfood de$ris and otherparti#les and for ma*ing

funny fa#es (po*ing thetongue out- 'aggling it)

Trumpeters and horn &/ute players have very'ell developed tonguemus#les- and are a$le toperform rapid- #ontrolledmovements orarti#ulations
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_fvqDJniJWuw/SKKiG_8pUKI/AAAAAAAAAQY/Elacg7SjXVA/s1600-h/HornPlayer.gif


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Clini#al 5otes 7a#erations of the

tongue Tongue6Tie

(an*yloglossia)(dueto large frenulum)

7esion of thehypoglossal nerve The protruded tongue

deviates to'ard the

side of the lesion Tongue is atrophied &

'rin*led


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If there is goodness in your heart,

it will come to your tongue.


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Palate 7ies in the roofof

the oral #avity

9as t'o parts

9ard($ony)

palateanteriorly

oft(mus#ular)

palateposteriorly

hard

softpalate


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9ard Palate

7ies in the roof of

the oral #avity 3orms the /oor of

the nasal #avity

3ormed $y Palatine pro#essesof maxillaein front

9ori:ontal plates

of palatine $ones$ehind

ounded $y alveolarar#hes


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9ard Palate

Posteriorly-#ontinuous 'ithsoft palate

!ts undersurfa#e

#overed $ymu#operiosteum

ho's transverseridges in the

anterior parts


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oft Palate %tta#hed to the posterior

$order of the hard palate Covered on its upper and

lo'er surfa#es $ymu#ous mem$rane

Composed of Mus#le +$ers

%naponeurosis

7ymphoid tissue

8lands

lood vessels

5erves


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Palatine %poneurosis

3i$rous sheath

%tta#hed toposterior $order ofhard palate

!s expanded tendonof tensor vellipalatini

plits to en#lose

mus#ulus uvulae 8ives origin &insertion to palatinemus#les


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Mus#les Tensor veli palatini

Origin spine of sphenoid< auditory

tu$e !nsertion forms palatine

aponeurosis

%#tionTenses soft palate

7evator veli palatini Originpetrous temporal $one-

auditory tu$e- palatine aponeurosis

!nsertionpalatine aponeurosis

%#tion2aises soft palate

Mus#ulus uvulae Origin posterior $order of hard

palate

!nsertion mu#osa of uvula

%#tion Elevates uvula


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Mus#les Palatoglossus

Originpalatine aponeurosis

!nsertionside of tongue

%#tionpulls root of tongueup'ard- narro'ingoropharyngeal isthmus

Palatopharyngeus Origin palatine aponeurosis

!nsertion posterior $orderof thyroid #artilage

%#tionElevates 'all of thepharynx


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ensory 5erve upply

Mostly $y the

maxillarynervethrough its$ran#hes 8reater palatine

nerve

7esser palatine nerve

5asopalatine nerve

8lossopharyngealnerve supplies theregion of the softpalate


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Motor 5erve upply

%ll the mus#les- ex#ept tensor velipalatini- are supplied $y the

Pharyngeal plexus

Tensor veli palatini supplied $y the

5erve to medial pterygoid- a $ran#h of

the mandi$ular division of thetrigeminal nerve


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lood upply ran#hes of the

maxillaryartery

8reater palatine

7esser palatine

phenopalatine

%s#ending palatine-$ran#h of the fa#ialartery

%s#ending pharyngeal-$ran#h of the external#arotid artery


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Clini#al 5otes

Cleft palate

=nilateral

ilateral

Median

Paralysis of the softpalate

The pharyngeal

isthmus #an not $e#losed durings'allo'ing andspee#h

Pharyngeal

isthmus


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Than*>ou

LOVE NATURE

14-ORAL CAVITY.ppt

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