Jl Tukad Batanghari VIII/7A – Denpasar – Bali – Indonesia

Lighting Systems

Jl. Tukad Batanghari VIII/7A – Denpasar – Bali – IndonesiaTel: (62) 361 7910518 Fax: (62) 361 7910518

Lighting Systems

Drs. Agustinus Agus Purwanto, MM

Basic lighting terms

Visible light ROY G BIVColor renditionLumenIlluminationFootcandles

Light sources

Natural light (sunlight)– inexpensive and can contribute much to overall

lighting needsdrawbacks– drawbacks

solar heat gainglarefading and physical deterioration of fabrics

Common artificial light sourcesi d t l– incandescent lamps

– electric discharge lamps

Incandescent lamps

Advantages– instant starting and restarting– low in cost– good color rendition

Disadvantagesshort lifetime– short lifetime

– poor efficiency– high operating cost– adds heat to building

Types– Conventional– rough service or vibration

Tungsten– Tungsten– reflector

Electric discharge lamps

Advantages– longer lifetimeslonger lifetimes– higher efficiency– low operating cost

Disadvantagesg– slow starting and restarting– higher cost– poorer color rendition

Types– Fluorescent– mercury vapor– metal halide– high- and low-pressure sodium

Lighting system design elements

Light levelsdetermined by the tasks or activities that will take– determined by the tasks or activities that will take place within a space

– light levels measured by portable light meters; Illuminating Engineers Society IlluminatingIlluminating Engineers Society, Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers recommend minimum g glight levels

– building area method vs. space-by-space method– dimming controlsdimming controls

Lighting system design elements

LuminairesC t– Components

Lampslamp socketsballasts (for electric discharge lamps)reflective materiallenses or louversHousing

– visual comfort probability– coefficient of utilization– coefficient of utilization

Lighting system design elements

Color rendition– color of light affects appearance of surfaces, finishes, furnishings, etc.

l d i i d– color rendering indexSafety

– lighting system must comply with local safety codes– all luminaires need adequate ventilation, clearance, and proper wattage– acryllic diffuser or tube safety shield for some lamps in some locations

(kitchens, for example)– insufficient light– glare

widely varying light levels can be hazards– widely varying light levels can be hazardsEmergency lighting

– must comply with local codes, which are often based on the Life Safety Code and the National Electrical Codea delay of no more than ten seconds is permitted– a delay of no more than ten seconds is permitted

– exit signs

Lighting system maintenance

Cleaning– replace HVAC filters to cut down on dustreplace HVAC filters to cut down on dust– semi-annual cleaning– destaticization

Replacementp– incandescent lamps replaced more often than fluorescents– lumen depreciation– group replacement vs. replacement upon burnout– old lamps and ballasts must be disposed of properly– recycling of fluorescent lamps and ballasts available in

some areas

Conservation opportunities

Efficient lightingControl operating hoursControl operating hoursReplace incandescents with fluorescents when possiblepTurn off lights when not neededEMS methods

Mi / t t– Microprocessors/computer systems– photocell control– ultrasonic or infrared sensors– twist timers